STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEONTOLOGY OP THB NIAGARAN 8ERIES IN HIGHLAND COUNTY, OHS) DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Decree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate 8ohool of The Ohio 8tate U n iv e rs ity By RICHARD SPENCER BOWMAN, B. S . The Ohio State University 1956 Approved byi Approved by* ' A dviser A d v iser Department of Geology Department of Geology CONTENTS Page Introduction - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --1 General statem ent -----------------------1 Summary of previous investigations --------------3 Purpose of investigation -------------------12 Acknowledgements ------ -----------------16 Stratigraphy - -------------- ----- -------16 General statement ---------------------- -16 Usage of the term *lith o fa o ie s* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -17 Dayton formation -----------------------18 D efin itio n -------------------------in Stratigraphies relations and areal extent - - - - - - - - - -18 Lithology and thickness ----------------- - 1 9 Fauna, correlation and age ---- ------------ -19 Alger formation ----------------------- -23 Definition ------------------------ -23 Lithology and stratigraphic relations ---------- -27 Thickness and areal distribution ------------- -26 Fauna, correlation, and age --------------- -30 Bisher formation ---------------------- - 3 4 Definition ------------------------ - 3 4 Lit ho logy - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - - 3 5 General statement ------------------- - 3 5 Silty carbonate lithofaoies -------------- - 5 6 Cryptot lyre11a lithofaoies - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -38 Dolomitio shale lithofaoies -------------- —40 ii Limestone lithofaoies - -- - - - - - - -- -- -- - - --43 Thickness, stratigraphio relations and areal extent ----- 45 Fauna, correlation, and age -----------------49 Lilley formation ------------------------58 Definition --------------------------58 Lithology ------------- ---- -.---...-.- 5$ General statement ---------------------58 Crinoidal carbonate lithofaoies - - - - - - - - - -- - - -59 Argillaceous carbonate lithofaoies -----.----..61 Dolomitio shale lithofaoies --------.---....62 Dolomite lithofaoies -------------------62 Thiokness, stratigraphio relations, and areal extent ----- 63 Fauna, oorrelation, and age -----------------66 Peebles formation ------------------------74 Definition - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- .74 Lithology and stratigraphio relations -----------.75 Thiokness and areal extent ----------.-----..80 Fauna, oorrelation, and age ---------------- -8 1 Summary of oorrelation -------------------- _ 85 Stratigraphio sections -----------------------87 Geologic history ---------- --------------- -138 Dayton formation - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -1 3 8 Alger formation - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -1 3 9 Bisher and Lilley formations - -- -- - - - - - - - - -- - - -1 4 0 Peebles formation - -- - - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -1 4 2 Economic geology ------------------------- -1 4 4 Road aggregate - -1 4 4 i i i Agricultural limestone --------------------- 145 High-oalcium lima aton* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 146 High-magnesitm dolomite -------------------- 1 4 7 Syateraatio paleontology ---------------------- 1 5 7 General atatement ----------------------- 157 List of looalities - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 169 Desoription of species --------------------- 1 5 4 Phylum Coelenterata --------------------- 164 Class Stromatoporoidea ------------------ 154 Order Stromatoporidea ----------------- 164 Family Clathrodiotyonidae ------------- 164 Genus Clathrodlctyon Nicholson and Murie - - - - 164 Family Stromatoporidea --------------- 155 Genus ^tromatopora Goldfuss 165 Class Scyphoioa ----- 1 0 7 Order Conularida 167 Family Conulariidae ---------------- 167 Genus Conularla Sowerby ------------- 167 Class Anthozoa ---------------------- 169 Subolass Tetraoorallia ---------------- 169 Faultily Streptelasmidae - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 169 Genus Streptelasma Hall ------------- 169 Family fyonostylidae ---------------- 171 Genus Fletoheria Edwards and Haime ------- 171 Family Calostylidae ---------------- 173 Genus Calostylis Lindstrom ----------- 173 iv Family Zaphrentidae ----------------- 179 Genua Zaphrentla Kafineaque and Clifford ----- 179 Family Metriophyllidae --------------- 181 Ganua Enterolaama Simpaon ------------ 181 Family Cyathaxonidao ---------------- 186 Ganua Dalmanophyllum Lang and Smith ------- 186 Family Calcaolidaa ----------------- 188 Ganua Holophragma Lindatrom ----------- 188 Family Aoanthophyllidaa --------------- 191 Ganua Cyathophyllmn Goldfuaa ----------- 1 9 1 Family Arachnophy llidae - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 193 Genua Araohnophyllum Dana ------------ 1 9 3 Family Aoarrulariidaa ---------- ------ 1 9 3 Ganua Aoarrularla Sohweigger ----------- 1 9 3 Subolaaa Tabulata ------------ -------- 202 Family Favoaitidae - -- -- -- - - - - - - - - - - 2 0 2 Ganua Faroaltaa Lamarok 202 Ganua Coanitas Eiohwald ------------- 207 Family Halyaitidaa -----------------212 Ganua Halyeitea Fiachar von Waldheim -------212 Family Syringoporidae 215 Ganua Syringopora ----------------215 Subolaaa Sohi toooraIlia - 2 18 Family Heliolitidae ----------------- 218 Ganua H a llo lite 8 Dana ^ -------------218 Ganua ly e I lia Edward a and Halme - - - - - - - - - - 221 v Phylum Bryozoa ----------------------- 222 Phylun Braohiopoda - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - 225 Class Artloulata - - - Order Protremata-Telotremata (undifferentiated) - - - 225 Superfamily Orthaoea --------------- 225 Genus Platystrophla King ------------ 225 Super family Dalmanellaoea - - - - - - - - - - - - - 226 Genus Rhipldomella Oehlert ----------- 225 Genus Parmorthis Sohuohert and Cooper ----- 227 Superfamily Pentameraoea ------------- 250 Genus Pentamerus Sowerby ------------ 250 Family Rafinesquinldae -------------- 252 Genus Leptaena Dalman ------------- 232 Family Stropheodontidae -------------- 234 Genus Stropheodonta Hall ------------ 234 Genus Megastrophia Caster ----------- 238 Family Orthotetidee ---------------- 240 Genus Sohe1lwiene11a Thomas ---------- 240 Genus Fardenia Lamont ------------- 244 Superfamily Rhynchone1laoea ------------ 246 Genus Camarotoeohla Hall and Clarke ------ 246 Genus Rhynohotreta Hall ------------ 250 Genus Stegerhynohus Foerste ---------- 252 Superfamily Atrypaoea --------------- 255 Genus Atrypa Dalman -------------- 266 Superfamily Spiriferaoea ------------- 260 Genus Eospirlfer Sohuohert ----------- 260 v i Genus Crispella Kozlowski - - - - - - - - - - - -266 Superfamily Rostraspiraoea ------------ -266 Genus Cryptothyre11a Cooper ---------- -266 Genus Whitfieldella Hall and Clarke ------ -269 Phylum Mollusoa -------------------- -271 Class Peleoypoda -------------------271 Order Taxodonta ------------------271 Superfamily Arcacea -------------- -271 Genus Mogalomus Hall -------------271 Class Gastropoda ------------------ -272 Order Archaeogastropoda ------------- -272 Superfamily Pleurotomariaoea ----------272 Genus Coelocaulus Oehlert ----------272 Superfamily Trochonemat&oea -----------274 Genus Poleumita Clarke and Ruedemann - - - - -274 Genus Platyoeras Conrad -----------276 Class Cephalopoda ------------------ -280 Order Michelinoceratida ------------- -280 Phylum Annelida - -- -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -2 81 Class Polyohaeta ------------------ -281 Order Cryptooephala --------------- -281 Genus Cornulitea Sohlotheim - - -------231 Phylum Arthropoda - -- - - - - - - -- -- -- -- - - -282 Class Trilobita ------------------- -282 Order Opisthoparia -----------------282 Family Asaphidae --------------- -282 Genus Bumastus Murchison ---------- -282 v ii Order Proparia ------------------ -284 Family Dalmanitidae ---------------264 Genus Ealmanites Barrande --------- -284 Family Encrinoridae -------------- -287 Genus Encrinurus Emmrioh - - - - - - - - - ---287 Family Calynenidao -------------- -289 Genus Calymene Brongniart --------- -269 Genus Homalonotus Konig ---------- -290 Phylum Eohinodermata ------------------ -292 Class Cystoidea ------------------- -292 Order Blastoidea ----------------- -292 Family Stephanocrinidae Conrad -------- -292 References cited ------------------------ -324 v i i i LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1* County map of Ohio showing the geographic position of Highland County - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - 2 Plate 1 Fig. 1. Disoonformable oontaot between the Dayton and Brassfield formations at looality 1 2 ------- 160 Fig* 2. The Bisher and Alger formations at looality 5 - - 150 Plate 2 Fig. 1* The Bisher formation at looality 2 - - - - - - - - 162 Fig* 2* The lower part of the Bisher formation at looality 2 7 --------------------------------------------------------------------162 Plate 3 Fig. 1* The Lilley and Bisher formations at looality 9 - - 154 Fig. 2. The orlnoidal carbonate lithofaoies of the Lilley formation at locality 27------------- 154 Plate 4 Fig. 1. Small bioherm in the Lillqy formation at locality 4 1 ---------- 156 Fig. 2. The Peebles formation at looality 27------ - 156 Plate 6 Stromatoporoidea ----------------- 296 Plate 6 Scyphozoa and Anthozoa -------------- 301 Plate 7 Anthozoa --------------------- 306 Plate 8 Braohiopoda ------------------- 311 Plate 9 Braohiopoda and Peleoypoda ------------ 318 Plate 10 Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Annelida, Trilobita and Blastoidea 3 2 5 ix Plat* 11 Geologio map of the Niagaran Series in Highland County* (in pocket) Plate 12 Map showing localities studied* (in pocket) Plate 13 Fence diagram showing the geographic and strati- graphic distribution