The Mars Society Inspiration Mars International Student Design Competition University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom SPECTRE MARS Team Description: The team consists of eight Undergraduate Aero-Engineering students from the Student Aerospace Engineering Society (SAES), University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom. The complete list is given below: Member Project Job Title Email Ahmad, Taseer Team Leader [email protected] Manager Organiser Ammar, Ahmed Launch System [email protected] Structures Kamara, Ahmed Thermal Protection System [email protected] Power Requirements Lim, Gabriel Vehicle Health Management [email protected] Magowan, Caitlin Propulsion [email protected] Todorova, Blaga Propulsion [email protected] Tse, Yee Cheung Trajectory [email protected] Avionics Fuel Tanks White, Tom Reaction Control System [email protected] Human Effects Ground Systems 2 Contents 1. Abstract .................................................................................................................................. 6 2. Trajectory ............................................................................................................................... 7 3. Aerodynamics and Structure ............................................................................................... 10 3.1 Space Launch System ..................................................................................................... 10 3.1.1. Introduction............................................................................................................ 10 3.1.2. Capabilities ............................................................................................................. 10 3.1.3. Design and Development ....................................................................................... 11 3.1.3.1. Core Stage ........................................................................................................... 11 3.1.3.2. Booster cores ....................................................................................................... 11 3.1.3.3. Upper stage / Interstage ..................................................................................... 11 3.1.4. Assembled Rocket ...................................................................................................... 11 3.1.5. Program Costs ............................................................................................................ 11 3.2. Orion (Spacecraft) ......................................................................................................... 12 3.2.1. Introduction............................................................................................................ 12 3.2.2. Crew module .......................................................................................................... 12 3.2.3. ATV based service module ..................................................................................... 13 3.6.4 Launch Abort systems (LAS) .................................................................................... 13 4. Propulsion ............................................................................................................................ 14 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 14 4.2 Engines considered ........................................................................................................ 14 4.2.1 Solar Electric ............................................................................................................ 14 4.2.2. Air Breathing .......................................................................................................... 15 4.2.3. Chemical ................................................................................................................. 16 4.3. Merlin 1D Rocket Engine............................................................................................... 17 4.3.1 Characteristics and performance ............................................................................ 17 4.3.2. How it works?......................................................................................................... 18 4.4. Cost ............................................................................................................................... 19 4.5. Development of Merlin 1 rocket engine. ...................................................................... 20 4.6. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 22 5. Fuel Tank and piping system ................................................................................................ 23 5.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 23 3 5.2. Fuel and oxidizer Description ........................................................................................ 23 5.3. Material ......................................................................................................................... 26 5.4. From Earth Orbit to Mars .............................................................................................. 27 5.4. From Earth to orbit ....................................................................................................... 29 6. Reaction Control Systems .................................................................................................... 31 6.1. Propellant Selection ...................................................................................................... 31 6.2. XR-3N22 Lynx RCS Engine ............................................................................................. 31 6.3. Apollo Reaction Control System ................................................................................... 32 6.4. Selection of Engine and Fuel ......................................................................................... 32 6.5. Positioning of Systems .................................................................................................. 33 6.5.1. Orbiter .................................................................................................................... 33 6.5.2. Boosters ................................................................................................................. 33 6.5.3. Cost and weight ..................................................................................................... 33 7. Thermal Protection System.................................................................................................. 34 7.1. Why do we need one? .................................................................................................. 34 7.2. Current available recommendations ............................................................................ 34 7.3. ASTRA ULTIMATE .......................................................................................................... 35 7.3.1. Testing .................................................................................................................... 36 7.3.2. Loading ................................................................................................................... 36 7.3.3. Maintenance .......................................................................................................... 36 7.4. Cost ............................................................................................................................... 37 7.5. Appendix ....................................................................................................................... 37 7.5.1. Maintenance Flow Chart: ....................................................................................... 37 8. Avionics ................................................................................................................................ 38 8.1. On board computers: CPU (Mongoose-V) .................................................................... 38 8.2. Remote Terminal Units(RTU) ........................................................................................ 38 8.3. Command and Data Handling (C &DH) ......................................................................... 38 8.4. Onboard buses and data networks ............................................................................... 38 8.5. Navigation and guidance .............................................................................................. 39 9. Vehicle Health Management ............................................................................................... 40 9.1. Pyrometer ..................................................................................................................... 40 9.2. Isotope Wear Detector ................................................................................................. 40 4 9.3. Fiber-optic Deflectometer ............................................................................................ 40 9.4. Spectrometer ................................................................................................................ 40 9.5. Integrated Vehicle Health Management ...................................................................... 41 9.6. Structure ......................................................................................................................