) It' 2~ -p. SURVEY OF INDONESIA for LONG VEGETABLE FIBER DEVELOPMENT C92 J. M. Dempsey Fiber Agronomist' USOM/Saigon VIET-NAM 'A.I.D. Reference Center Boom 1656 NS , SURVEY OF TDONFSIA For LCNG VEGETABLE FIBER DEVELOPMENT J. M. Dempsey Fiber Agronomist USOM/Saigon VIET-NAM TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. ITINERARY and MEETINGS 1--4 -3. GMERAL 4 A. Geographical Aspects. B. Clin.atological Data. 4-5 and 7-12 and 0. Soils. 5-6 13-14 6 4. ROSELLE A. General. 6 B. Botanical Characteristics. 15 C. Agronomic Aspects. 15 1. Soils. i5 2. Fertilization. 15-16 3. Photoperiodism. 16-17 17 4. Climatic Requirements. 5. Land Preparation and Seeding. 17-18 6. Seed Production. 18-19 7. Pests and Diseases. 19 D. Harvesting. 20-21 E. Retting and Stripping. 21-22 23 F. Grading. 24 G. Roselle Production in Indonesia. 24 1. General. 2. Central Java.­ 24-26 27 3. Pabrik Karung nDelangguJ 27-29 4.' East Java. 29-30 5,; Pubrik Karung PRoselle"'. PAGE 5. ' KENAF 30 A. General. 30-31 B. 'Botanical Characteristice. 31 C. Agronomle Aspects. 91-32 D. Pests and Diseases. 32-33 E. Fiber Characteristics. 33-34­ F. Crude Ribbon Utilization. 34-35 6. RAMIE 35 A. General. 35-36 B. Botanical Characteristics. 36 C. Agronomic Aspects.­ 37 1. Soils 37 2. Rainfall 37-38 3,' Photoperiodism. 38 4. Temperature. 38 5. Var.ieties. 38-39 D.* Culture. 39 1. Propagation Methods. 39-40 2. Land Preparation and Planting Procedure. 41 3. Growth Characteristics and Cultivation.­ 42 4. Fertilization. 42-44 5. HLrresting, Extraction and Yields. 44-47 6'; Pests and Diseases. 47-48 E. Degumming and Fiber Characteristics. 48-50 F. Ramie Leaf Utilization. 50;51 G. Ramie Production in Indonesia 51 V PAGE 1. General. 51 2. Ramie Research in West Java 52 a.' Green Weight Yields. 52-53 b. Physical Characteristics. 53-54 c. Spacing Trials.- 54 d. Fertilization Trials. 5 56 e. Station Testing Facilities. 56-7 3. Ramie Cultivation and Processing in Central Java and 57 Jogjakarta. H. Ramie Cultivation and Processing in North Sumatra 58 1. Martoba Estates Project. 58 2. Glugur-Rimbun Estates Project. 58-60 3. P.T. Rami Siantar, Pematang. 60-62 7. FIBER PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES IN SOUTH KALIMANTAN 62 A. BMPT Land Development Dry Land Project. 62 B. BMPT Polder - Tamban Project. 63 0. Gambut. 63 8. SISAL AND ABACA PRODUCTIM IN NGiTH SUMATERA 64-66 9. SUNMARY 67-68 10. REOMNDATICNS 69-70 f­ A STRVET OF INDONESIA For LONG VEGETABLE FIBER DEVELOPMENT li INTRODUCTION This reports primarily agronomic in nature, is concerned with a prelimi­ liary survey of Indonesia made dufing the period November 22-- December .18, i960 at the request of the Indoiesian Ministry of Agriculture and USOM/Djakarta. The purpose of the survey Us td evaluate long vegetablb fiber prddudtion and its potentiai development with special emphasis on roselle now being grown commercially in Central and East Java and ramie presently being developed in Central Java and North Sumatera. Basically, the intent of this report is to: a. Describe findings. b. Detail generally accepted long fiber cultural and processing techniques. c. Present a correlation of analytical data concerned with long fiber crop production. d. Offer recommendations for improved fiber crop production. 2. ITINERARY AND MEXINGS November 22-23, 1960 - In Djakarta meeting with: 1. USOM personnel including: Dr. Raymond B. Allen, Mission Director; Dr. Benjamin Birdsall, Chief Agricultural Division; Messrs. Anderson Renshaw, L.E. Wakefield and Verne R. Hillman, USOM Agricultural Division. 2. Ir. Ka.lan A. Tohir, Secretary General, Department- of Agriculture. 3. BMPT personnel including Ir. Gunung Iskandar, Managing Director; Dr. Soengkono Wirjowerjodo, Director Land Development Mechanization; Ir. Partola, Tidal Areas and Reclamation and Ir. Walujo, Land Development. 4. Mr. Prajitno, Asst. Chief, Commercial Crops Division and technicians Soeroso and Sodeli, Ministry of Agriculture Extension Service (Pasar­ minggu). November 24-25. 1960 - In Bogor meeting with 2 1. Ir. Soeharsono, Director, General Agricultural Experiment Station; Ir. Dabro, Chief, Agricultural Research Institute and Messrs. Jo Jan Lim, Head, Division of Perennial Crops, Samsulhadi, Roselle Section; Jo Keng Soen, Ramie Section and Adrang, Cotton/Kapok Section, all technicians of Agricultural Research Institute. 2. Twenty-five technicians of Agricultural Research Institute to present lection on ramie. 2 3. Ir.H. Jahja, Head, Institute for Soil Research. November 26. 1960 - In Lembang accompanied by Messrs. Dahro, Jo Jan Lim and Samsulhadi, meeting with Mr. Amas Adjar, Agronomist and Kamsah Sama­ amidjaja, Extension Agronomist, Margahaju xbcperiment Station. November 27, 1960 - Lembang to Semarang accompanied by Messrs. J.Flanagan, Jo Jan Lim and Samsulhadi. November 28, 1960 - AM iti Semarang meeting with Mr. Koeswarno, Commercial Crops Section of Agricultural Service and Messrs. Warjatmo and Sujono, Agricultural Section, PPN-Baru, Djakarta. Later inspected Pabrik Karung uDelanagu" meeting Samadi Danudiningrat, Mill Manager and- other bag mill personnel and visited Delanggu roselle plantings made by PPN-Baru. In afternoon inspected roselle plantings enroute Klaten-Jogjakarta. November 29, 1960 - Visit to Magelang calling on Mr. Poedji Poerwowidigdo,, Chief, Agricultural Service of the Residency of Kedu and PPN-Baru ramie plantings and pilot decortication plants at Tangulredo and Purworedjo. November 30. 1960 - AM meeting with Mr. Mustakim, Agricultural Service Inspector of the Special Province of Jogjakarta and inspection of ramie cooperative at Pakem, later driving to Surabaja and calling on Mr. John Lloyd, American Consul. Decemhber 1-3, 1960 - In East Java, meeting with and visiting: 1. Mr. Sutamat, Inspec Lor of Agricultural Service of East Java, Surabaja. 2. Pabrik Karung "Rosella", Ngagel (Surabaja) meeting Messrs. Sarsono, -Vice Manager; Baggod Kadarisman, Personnel Director and Moekaja, Business Administrator.- ­ 3.- BMPET meeting Ir. Soengkono and other personnel. 4. Tani Mulja, Bangsal meeting Mr. Hasjim Koewari, Head of East Java Section and roselle and urena plantings near Djombong, December 4, 1960 - Surabaja - S.Kalimantan accompanied by Messrs. Flanagan and Partola meeting at Ulin Airport Mr. Mohamed Saleh, Inspector of Agricultural Extension Service, Bandjar-Baru, S.Kalimantan, Messrs. Soewarjo and Mohamed Senang, Agricultural Extension Service, Bandjar-Barn and BMPT personnel. Later inspected Gambut peat soil area. December 5-6, 1960 - South Kalimantan activities included: 1. Meeting Governor of South Kalimantan, Hadji Maksid, Bandjarmasin. 2. Inspection of BMPT peat soil drainage project at Tanban with BMPT and Agricultural Service personnel. 3. Inspection of BMPT Land Development projects at Pleihari, Tadjan­ petja and Djilatan with Messes. Partola, lalujo, Adrak, other BMPT personnel and Inspector Saleh. 3 Dedember 7. 1960 - South Kalimantan - Djakarta - Bogor AM meeting with Mebsrs. Saleh and Lauw, latter in Technical Section, Ministry of Adticulture, Bandjar Baru prior to departure. December 8. 1960 . In Bogor meeting with Messrs. Flanagan, Hines and Bell of USOM and Irs Soeharsono, Dahro and im of Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Institute. December 9. 1960 - In Djakarta meeting with Ir. Saksono, Director, PPN-Baru accompanied by Messrs. Birdsall, Hines, Flanagan and Lim. December 10-11, 1960 - In Bogor meeting with Messrs. Lim and Samslhadi at Agricultural Research Institute accompanied by Messrs. Flanagan and Bell. December 12. 1960 - Bogor - Djakarta meeting with IrH. Jahja, Head Institute for Soil Research, Bogor; Ir. Soengkono, BMPT, Djakarta and USOM/Djakarta personnel including Messrs.Birdsall, Bell, Renshaw and Hillman. December_13. 1960 - Djakarta - Medan, accompanied by Messrs. Flanagan and Sujono meeting in Medan, Mr. Radjamin, Director PPN-Baru North Sumatera and Messrs. Pratasik, Coordinator; Faris Lubis, Public Relations, PPN-Baru and Mr. Jan S. Simandjuntak, Agronomist, Ministry of Agriculture, Medan. December 14. 1960 - Medan - Glugur - Courtesy call to War Administration meeting Major Nuhud, S.U.I. Kodam II,Medan followed by inspection trip to Glugur Estate observing ramie plantings and pilot plant for fiber processing. December 15. 1960 - Pematang Siantar - Madjawdji. AM left Medan accompanied by PPN-Baru personnel including M essrs. Radjamin, Sujono, Barat, Pratasik and Farius Lubis; also Mr. Flanagan and Mr. J.S. Simandjuntak of Kantor Pertanian, Medan and first visited P.T. Ramie Siantar at Pematang Siantar meeting with Mr. J.A. Sitompul, Mill Director and Mr. Ahmad Mathrab, Mill Manager. Later inspected nearby area on Madjawdji Estate where ramie growth failed in 1957. December 16. 1960 - Dolok-Ilir - Laras Estates. Met with Managers of Dolok Ilir Estate, Mr. S. Poerba; Laras Estate, Mr. K. Sukanda; Bandar Betsy Estate, Mr. W.F. Lumy; Inspector Daerah I, Mr. R. Sujadi and Chief Agricultual Division, Mr.M. Karta. Inspected sisal and abaca plantings and closed docu-rtication plant on Dolok Ilir Estate and operating docortication mill on Laras Estate under the management Mr. Ferdinandus. of December 17. 1960 - Medan meetings with: 1. Messrs. Radjamin, Lubis, Sujono and Choo Kim Soen, latter Chief, Export Division, PPN-Baru, North Sumatera. 2. Ir. Tan Hong Tong, Director, Research Institute of the Sumatera Planters Assn. '4 3. Mr. Gatot Pangudijatno, Soils Engineer from Soil Research Institute, Bogor, now engaged in mapping soils of North Sumatera. December 18. 1960 - Departed Medan for Bangkok. 3. GENERAL A. Geograhical Asects Indonesia, a group of islands extending along the Equator between 60 Latitude North to 11o Latitude South and 950 Longitude East has a land area of approximately 1,905,890 sq. km. and a population in the neighborhood of 93 million people. The area and population density of three major islands are as follows: Island Area (Ha.) Estimated Population Density/Sq. Km. Java 13,217,410 60,000,000 455.0 Sumatera 47,360,590 15,000,000 31.7 Kalimantan 53,956,000 3,500,000 6.5 This report is concerned with three major areas, namely Central and East Java, North Sumatera and South Kalimantan as regards the present and future development of long vegetable fibers. Central and East Java are densely populated.