Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(12):1265-1270, dezembro 2014 Kinematic gait analyses in healthy Golden Retrievers1 Gabriela C.A. Silva2, Mariana Trés Cardoso3, Thais P. Gaiad4, Marina P. Brolio5, Vanessa C. Oliveira3*, Antonio Assis Neto5, Daniele S. Martins3 and Carlos E. Ambrósio3 ABSTRACT.- Silva G.C.A., Cardoso M.T., Gaiad T.P., Brolio M.P., Oliveira V.C., Assis Neto A., Kinematic gait analyses in healthy Golden Retrie- vers. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(12):1265-1270. Departamento de Medicina Vete- rinária,Martins FaculdadeD.S. & Ambrósio de Zootecnia C.E. 2014. e Tecnologia Alimentar, Universidade de São Paulo, Cam- E-mail: [email protected] pus de Pirassununga, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil.- plication in gait analysis and other body movements, interpretation of their data when the- re isKinematic change, determines analysis relates the choice to the of relative treatment movement to be instituted. between Therigid objective bodies and of this finds study ap was to standardize the march of Dog Golden Retriever Healthy to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. We used a kinematic analysis system to analyse the gait of seven dogs Golden Retriever, female, aged between 2 and 4 years, weighing 21.5 to 28 kg, clinically normal. Flexion and extension were described for shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, femorotibialis and tarsal joints. The gait was characterized lateral and had accepted hypothesis of normality for all variables, except for the stance of hip and elbow, considering displacement of the stripes during movement and the duplicated number of reviews. The kinematica confidence analysis level ofproved 95%, to significance be a consistent level method α = 0.05. of evaluationVariations ofhave the been movement attributed during to canine gait and the data can be used in the diagnosis and evaluation of canine gait in com- parison to other studies and treatment of dogs with musculoskeletal disorders. INDEX TERMS: Biomechanics, gait analysis, kinematics, canine gait. RESUMO.- [Análise cinemática da marcha de cães Gol- den Retriever saudável visando auxiliar no diagnóstico e den Retriever saudáveis.] A análise cinemática relaciona- tratamento de afecções músculo esquelética. Neste estudo -se com o movimento relativo entre corpos rígidos e encon- utilizou-se um sistema de análise cinemática para analisar tra aplicação na análise da marcha e de outros movimentos a marcha de sete cães da raça Golden Retriever, fêmeas, ida- do corpo. A interpretação de seus dados, quando há altera- de entre 2 e 4 anos, peso variando de 21.5 a 28 kg, clinica- ção, determina a escolha do tratamento a ser instituído. O mente sadias. Dados morfométricos foram coletados para objetivo deste estudo foi padronizar a marcha do cão Gol- descrever a população estudada. Variáveis de tempo e dis- tâncias foram mensuradas para descrever a marcha, movi- - 1 lações do ombro, cubital, cárpica, do quadril, femorotibial mentos de flexão e extensão foram descritos para as articu 2 Received on Abril 9, 2014. e társica. A marcha foi caracterizada lateral e teve hipótese Accepted for publication on November 4, 2014. de normalidade aceita para todas as variáveis, exceto para 3 CentroDepartamento Universitário de Medicina Italo Brasileiro, Veterinária, Av. FaculdadeJoao Dias 2046, de Zootecnia Santo Amaro, e En- o apoio de quadril e apoio de cúbito, considerando um grau genhariaSP 04724003, de Alimentos, Brazil. USP, Campus de Pirassununga, Avenida Duque de As variações foram atribuídas ao deslocamento das tarjas author: [email protected] durantede confiança o movimento de 95%, ou e aoseja, repetido nível de número significância de avaliações. α = 0.05. Caxias4 Departamento Norte 225, dePirassununga, Fisioterapia, SP Universidade 13635-900, Federal Brazil. dos*Corresponding Vales do Je- A análise cinemática provou ser um consistente método de avaliação do movimento durante a marcha canina e os quitinhonha5 Departamento e Mucuri, de Cirurgia, Campus FaculdadeJK, Rodovia de MG-367 Medicina Km Veterinária583, 5000, Altoe Zoo da- dados obtidos podem ser utilizados no diagnóstico e na tecnia,Jacuba, Universidade Diamantina, MGde São 39100-000, Paulo (USP), Brazil. Av. Orlando Marques de Paiva 85, comparação em avaliações de marcha para outros estudos e tratamento de cães com afecções musculoesqueléticas. São Paulo, SP 05508-270. 1265 1266 Gabriela C.A. Silva et al. TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO: Biomecânica, análise da marcha, cine- Committee of the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao mática e marcha canina. Paulo (USP), Brazil. Seven golden retriever female dogs, aged between 2 and 4 INTRODUCTION years, weights varying from twenty one to twenty eight kg, were submitted to the physical and radiological evaluation, exempt of Veterinary science in the study of locomotion is essential neurological and muscle- skeletal affections and, without descrip- to establish methods for the treatment of disorders of the tion of lameness in any one of the four members. The animals were radiographed in the Veterinarian Hospital of University of Sao Paulo. locomotorsThe dogs apparatus were studied (Wingfield exclusively & Stead the Golden 1993, RetrieverPoy et al. Biometry. The animals were evaluated individually, in station for2000). presenting increasing incidence of musculoskeletal di- position. The variables of measurement were the lengths of the sorders, is a widely used canine model of Duchenne mus- corporal segments, circumference of the thorax, and height of ani- cular dystrophy (DMD) that has been addressed in several mal. All of biometrics data were measured using metric tape. It was also measured, utilizing as reference the same anatomic points know in humans. The height of each animal was measured studiesGolden (Gaiad retriever 2009, dog Gerger is showing et al. 2010, increasing Abreu incidence et al. 2012, of three times to minimize possible measure errors, the average of musculoskeletalKane et al. 2013). disorders such a hip dysplasia (Paster et al. thefrom three the scapulameasures to fifthwas consideredmetacarpal. for Each the segment analysis. was evaluated Kinematic. for Animals (OFA), Golden Retriever dogs occupy the 32nd - positions2005). According in the ranking to official of breeds OFA-Orthopaedic affected by hip Foundation dysplasia. A digital camera (Panasonic, model PV-GS50S, Gait is the most effective form of locomotion, therefore, inManaus sagittal (Brazil), plan in with the capacitycranium-caudal of acquisition direction of of60 theHz, rightcompati side to a better understanding, is divided into events and these ofble each with animal movement at a distance frequency, of fourwas metersfixed to for a tripod,recording and the placed mo- vements. A two- dimensional space was established for the gait - (3x1m). - malsdivided (OFA), into phasesGolden (Tokuriki Retriever 1973). dogs occupy the 32nd po- sitionsAccording in the rankingto official of Orthopaedicbreeds affected Foundation by hip dysplasia for Ani the Thecoordinates video calibration (X, Y) in the was tested made space. with the filming of four refle form of locomotion, therefore, to a better understanding. xiveThe targets Peak fixed Motus in 32a picture system, measuring one of the (1x1)instruments for recognition of Kineme of- Gait is the most effect form of locomotion, therefore, to a try (Peak Performance Technologies Inc., Denver, CO., USA) was better understanding, is divided into events and these di- utilized to register the positioning and displacement of the corpo- ral segments in distinct phases of the movement starting, from the A study about kinematic pattern in clinically normal marking of the articulate points of interest. Labradorvided into and phases Rottweiler (Tokuriki dogs 1973). indicated that both breeds To control the acquisition, reading, digitalization, treatment, have similar kinematic patterns, but there are magnitude storage of the kinematics parameters and synchronization of data - Peak Performance Technologies Inc., Denver, CO, USA) developed byit was the Peakused Performancethe Software Technologies,Peak Motus 32 Incorporation (Marsolais etare al. used. 2003, differences, especially of the elbow and stifle joints. There - fore,Kinematic each breed analysis should ofhave gait a specificcanine databasehas been (Agostinhoaddressed mals using the correct adhesive glue. The anatomical marks were et al. 2011). previouslyThe 3M trichothomized. adhesive reflexives These markers markers were identify placed a pointon the in ani the space, highlighting the image in a dark environment with a light by several authors (Poy et al. 2000, Marsolais et al. 2003, beamed on them. goldenNielsen retriever et al. 2003, healthy Colborne dog. et al. 2005, Foss et al. 2013, Procedures. The markers, measuring approximately two TorresThis et study al. 2013). addresses However, the variables none addresses of gait of thegolden gait re in- cm of diameter, with exception of the metacarpal and metatar- triever healthy dogs as assessment of step length and stride sal joints that measured approximately one cm of diameter, were the fore and hind limbs, as well as the height of the last of placed in set anatomical marks located by inspection and palpa- tion by the same researcher in the right hemi body of each animal each member during gait, joint angle of peak movements The determined anatomical points were: shoulder joint: the and tarsal during periods of balance, stance and propulsion. bigger(Hottinger tubercle et al. of 1996). humerus; elbow