FINAL Rural Community Water Management Planning Process for Shakadza, South Africa Shakadza Local Municipality, Mutale; District Municipality, Vhembe; Limpopo Province; South Africa Location Lat: S 22°37’4.2” Long: E 30°33’31.3’’ ‘Tangible benefits to the community resulting from community managed interventions that can be replicated elsewhere’ RURAL COMMUNITY WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING PROCESS – SHAKADZA, SOUTH AFRICA i Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 2 2. Principles of the Planning Process ............................................................................ 3 2.1 Plan Development Process ...................................................................................................... 4 3. Goal and Objective of the Plan ................................................................................... 6 3.1 Goal ......................................................................................................................................... 6 3.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 6 3.3 Anticipated Outcome .................................................................................................................... 7 4. Baseline Information.................................................................................................... 8 4.1 Location .................................................................................................................................. 8 4.1.1 Socio-economic ............................................................................................................... 8 4.1.2 Climate .................................................................................................................................... 9 4.1.3 Drainage ........................................................................................................................ 11 4.1.4 Geology ......................................................................................................................... 11 4.1.5 Geomorphology ............................................................................................................ 12 4.1.6 Soils ............................................................................................................................... 12 4.1.7 Natural Vegetation and Fauna ....................................................................................... 12 4.1.8 Agriculture .................................................................................................................... 12 4.2 Current Water Supply Situation. ........................................................................................... 13 4.2.1. General Situation................................................................................................................. 13 4.2.2 Groundwater ................................................................................................................. 14 4.2.3 Water Quality ................................................................................................................ 15 4.2.4 Irrigation ....................................................................................................................... 16 4.3 Current Status of Community Structure and Sociological Issues ......................................... 16 4.4.1 Community Structure .................................................................................................... 16 4.4.2 Community Livelihoods. .............................................................................................. 16 4.4.3 Principal Community Sociological Issues. ................................................................... 17 4.5. Current Community Status with Respect to Other Stakeholders ............................................... 18 4.5.1 Rural Water Supply Stakeholders. ................................................................................ 18 4.6 Existing Drought Coping Strategies ..................................................................................... 18 4.6.1 Community Perception of Drought. .............................................................................. 19 4.6.2 Current Coping Mechanisms ........................................................................................ 19 4.6.3 Future Drought Mitigation Measures ................................................................................... 20 5. Proposed Interventions ............................................................................................. 21 5.1 Community Aspirations ........................................................................................................ 21 5.2 Community ‘Buy In’ to Intervention and Community Training ........................................... 21 5.2.1 Community Ownership. ................................................................................................ 21 5.2.2 Community Empowerment ........................................................................................... 21 5.3 Details of Proposed Interventions ......................................................................................... 22 5.3.1 Physical Interventions ................................................................................................... 22 5.3.2 Sociological Intervention .............................................................................................. 24 5.4 Community Structure Development with Respect to Water Management and O&M .......... 26 6. Knowledge Transfer and Awareness/Training Programmes .................................. 28 6.1 The Awareness Manual ......................................................................................................... 28 6.1.1 Aim of Awareness Manual ........................................................................................... 28 6.1.2 Content of Awareness Manual ...................................................................................... 28 6.2 Community Empowerment Aspects ..................................................................................... 29 7. Monitoring .................................................................................................................. 30 7.1 Definition of Monitoring Indicators ...................................................................................... 30 7.1.1 Physical Monitoring Indicators ..................................................................................... 30 7.1.2 Social Monitoring Indicators ........................................................................................ 31 7.2 Physical Monitoring Programme .......................................................................................... 33 7.2.1 Monitoring Processes and Data Collection ................................................................... 33 British Geological Survey Wellfield Consulting Services Pty, CSIR, Wallingford, Oxon, Gaborone, Pretoria, UK Botswana South Africa RURAL COMMUNITY WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING PROCESS – SHAKADZA, SOUTH AFRICA ii 7.2.2 Monitoring System ........................................................................................................ 34 7.2.3 Monitoring Equipment and Procedures ........................................................................ 35 7.3 Sociological Monitoring Programme .................................................................................... 36 7.4 Community Feedback ........................................................................................................... 38 7.4.1 From the Community .................................................................................................... 38 7.4.2 To the Community ........................................................................................................ 39 7.5 Monitoring Database, Data Evaluation and Project Reporting ............................................. 39 7.5.1 Physical Data ................................................................................................................ 39 7.5.2 Sociological Data .......................................................................................................... 39 7.5.3 Project Reporting .......................................................................................................... 40 8. Management Actions ................................................................................................. 41 8.1 Monitoring ‘Triggers’ and Early Warning ............................................................................ 41 8.2 Action Plan with respect to ‘Triggers’ .................................................................................. 41 8.3 Stakeholders .......................................................................................................................... 42 9. Concluding Statement ............................................................................................... 47 Annex A Overview of Physical Interventions in Shakadza...................................... 49 Annex B Overview of Sociological Interventions in Shakadza ................................ 50 Annex C Rural Community Water Management Plan Template ............................... 51 British Geological Survey Wellfield Consulting Services Pty, CSIR,