Index Symbols Algiers Accord, 43, 44 1801 Treaty, 5, 19 Algiers Agreement, 29 1809 Treaty, 5 Algiers Declaration, 43 1913 Protocol, 35, 37, 41 Alireza Pasha, 32 1914 Treaty, 4 Almata Declaration, 61 1937 Border Treaty, 41, 43 Amasieh, 28 1937 Treaty, 4, 42 Amasieh Treaty, 28, 29 1975 Treaty, 4, 44–46 Amasieh Treaty of 1555, 2 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea, 59 America, 2, 8, 10, 13, 14, 44, 50, 62–65, 1982 Sea Convention, 58 78–81, 86, 102, 105, 111 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of American, 2, 9, 11, 13, 41, 63, 64, 76–82, 85, the Sea, 51 103, 108, 122 Amir Khosrow Afshar, 43, 111 A Amity Treaty, 54 A Million Palm Island, 96 Andrei Kozyrev, 76 Abadan, 3, 4, 33–36, 39–42, 105 Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, 41 Abbas Aram, 42 Anglo-Persian Oil Company, 110 Abbas Mirza, 31 Anglo-Persian treaty, 102 Abd al-Karim Qasim, 4, 41, 42 Anglo-Russian Convention, 7 Abdolhossein Teymourtash, 109 Anglo-Russian treaty of 1734, 11 Abu Musa, 102, 103, 108, 110 Anzali, 52 Act of Independence, 13 Arab, 3, 4, 13, 28, 30, 32, 34–45, 97, 98, 102, Afghans, 7, 8, 17, 19, 20–22, 30, 31, 52, 100 103, 106, 107, 110, 111 Afghanistan, 5–8, 17–25, 31, 74, 106, 111, Aras River, 20 115, 121 Arav, 11, 89 Africa, 77, 82, 87, 99, 118, 119, 122 Araz, 11, 56, 89 Agha Mohammad Khan, 8, 52, 97, 101 Ardebil, 28 Ahmad Shah Baluch, 24 Armenia, 3, 28, 29 Ahwaz, 23 Asadollah Mirza, 107 Al-Andalus, 2 Asia, 3, 27, 31, 37, 69, 118, 119 Al-Hasa, 96 Asia Minor, 14, 28 Al-Khalifa, 96, 97, 102, 104, 107 Asian, 2, 3, 10, 30, 78 Alborz, 12, 89 Asian-Eurasian transport corridor, 83 Aleppo, 99, 101 Astarabad, 21, 52 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019 125 M. Ebrahimi et al. (eds.), The Dynamics of Iranian Borders, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89836-0 126 Index Avaal, 96 C Azerbaijan, 3, 5, 8–12, 14, 20, 28, 29, 31, 53, Canary Islands, 2 55, 56, 58–65, 70–78, 84, 88–90 Caspian Basin, 9, 10, 55, 60–62, 64, 72, 123 Azeri, 88 Caspian region, 10, 11, 63, 69–71, 75, 77, 78, 80–89 B Caspian Sea, 1, 8–12, 14, 49–57, 59–66, Back Yard, 75 69–71, 75–77, 79–83, 85, 87–90, 122 Baghdad, 3, 4, 28–30, 32, 33, 36, 43, 44, 120, Caspian Sea Basin, 9, 56, 115, 117, 122 121 Caspian Sea Cooperation Organization, 55, 57 Baghdad Pact, 110 Caspian Sea Legal Regime, 8, 9, 50, 60, 64, 90 Bahrain, 12, 13, 15, 95–98, 100–112, 121 Caspian Seabed, 56 Bahrainian, 15, 109, 111 Caspian Working Group, 58 Bakhtiari Mountains, 36 Caucasia, 19, 23 Baku, 8, 52, 56, 58, 73 Caucasus, 9–11, 14, 33, 62, 63, 65, 69, 73, Baku-Ceyhan pipeline, 77 75–79, 84, 101, 119 Baku-Erzurum-Ceyhan, 87 Central Asia, 1, 6, 7, 10–12, 14, 21–23, 25, 63, Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan, 73, 83 65, 73–75, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 115–117, Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum, 73, 83 119–123 Baku–Ceyhan route, 87 Central Asian, 6, 7, 63, 64, 76–78, 81, 83, 84 Balkan, 77 Channel Islands, 95 Baluchistan, 8, 17, 24 Charles Belgeru, 109 Bandar Abbas, 99, 100, 104 Chiefs, 13, 18, 31, 101, 106, 118 Bani Utbah, 97, 104 China, 2, 11, 64, 70, 73–75, 80–86, 104, 121 Basra, 3, 4, 19, 29, 30, 32, 36, 39, 42, 96, Chinese, 10, 11, 74, 81, 85, 86 99–101, 104, 121 Chyrak, 88 Beijing, 85 Classical Realism, 1, 6, 10, 12, 119, 121 BG, 73, 82 Closed Sea, 8, 10, 51 Black and Baltic Seas, 77 Cochin, 59 Blue Stream, 77 Cold War, 8, 9, 41, 42 Blue Stream II, 77 Colonel Bruce, 106 Bolshevik, 37, 102 Colonel Charles Edward Yates, 24 Border and Good Neighbourly Relations Colonel Roimeu, 19 Treaty, 43, 44 Colonel Stewart, 22 Border Treaty, 40, 45, 46 Commodore Bruce, 13, 97 Border Treaty of 1937, 4, 39 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Boris Yeltsin, 76 8–11, 77, 78, 122 BP, 73, 82, 83 Constantinople Protocol, 44 Britain, 1–8, 10–15, 17–25, 29–40, 95–112, Convention of Tehran, 70 115–122 Cooperation Council for the Arab States, 97 British, 2–8, 10–15, 17–25, 30–40, 52, 95–111, Cooperation Organization, 55, 57, 85 115–123 Crimea, 7, 23 British East India Company, 99–101 British Fleet in the Persian Gulf, 13, 97 D British House of Commons, 110 D’arcy Company, 34, 35 British India, 3, 6, 12, 14, 116, 117, 120, 121 Dagestan, 5, 8, 20, 52 British Naval Ministry, 39 Darband, 8, 52 British Navy, 40 Demarcation, 17, 24 British Oil Consortium, 12, 89 Diyala, 36 British Royal Majesty, 20 Doha, 77 Brown Sahibs, 118 Dost Muhammad Khan, 22, 24 Bulgaria, 77, 84 Dr Brydon, 7, 22 Bushehr, 18, 19, 23, 24, 96, 100, 104, 107, 116 Dutch, 97, 99–101, 104 Index 127 E Germany, 5, 33, 77, 102, 118, 119 East Asia markets, 74 Gerry Kearns, 2, 6 East India Company, 19, 30, 96, 100, 102, 104, Ghares, 28 106, 120 Ghasemi dynasty, 100 East India Company in London, 8 Ghorian, 21, 22 East-West Corridor, 10, 64 Great Britain, 10, 108, 111, 122 Eastern Partnership, 84 Great Zab, 36 Energy Reserves, 9, 63, 71, 77, 122 Greater and Lesser Tunb, 102, 103, 108, 110 Energy resources, 9, 14, 15, 64, 69, 70, 75–80, Gulistan Treaty, 8, 20, 21, 52, 53 82, 84, 85, 88, 90, 123 England, 2, 107, 108 H Eurasian, 12, 62, 115 Hague Court, 34 Europe, 3, 5, 11, 27, 34, 37, 69, 72, 77–79, Haj Mirza Aghasi, 22 81–84, 87, 99, 104, 105, 116, 120, 122 Haji Ibrahim Khan Sadr Azam, 19 European, 1, 2, 6, 7, 10, 14, 20, 21, 25, 29, Haji Mirza Aghasi, 31 81–84, 87, 95, 99, 102, 103, 111, 118 Haji Muhammad Hossein Khan Amin European colonizers, 8, 14 al-Duleh, 20 European markets, 73 Halford Mackinder, 1, 12, 116 European Nations, 2, 119 Hardan Takrini, 42 European powers, 2, 5, 11, 13, 15, 98, 104 Heartland, 1, 5, 6, 8, 10–12, 116, 121 European Union (EU), 11, 70, 75, 77, 79, Henry Kissinger, 10 81–84, 87 Henry Willock, 7, 106 Exxon, 73, 82 Herat, 6–8, 17, 21–25, 31, 32, 115, 119 Hezareh, 21 F High Sea, 50, 59 Far East, 2, 121 Hirmand River, 24 Farrukh Khan Amin al-Mulk, 23 Holland, 2, 104, 118 Fars, 13, 19, 97, 106, 107 Hormuz, 30, 97–100 Fars Province, 106 Hormuz Customs House, 99 Fath-Ali Shah, 19, 22, 31, 52, 107 Hormuz Island, 3 Fath-Ali Shah Qajar, 5, 18 Hossein Ali Farmanfarma, 13, 97 Fatih Khan, 21 Hossein Ali Mirza Farmanfarma, 107 Federation of Gulf States, 110 Hot Resources War, 82 Finckenstein Treaty, 19 Houari Boumédiène, 43 Finckenstein Treaty of 4 May 1807, 5 First Arbitration’ of 1863, 8 I First Goldsmith Arbitration, 24 Ibn-Saif, 100 First Ten Year War, 8 India, 2, 5–7, 10, 15, 18–25, 30, 31, 33, 70, 74, First Treaty of Erzerum, 31 81, 95, 96, 99, 101, 104, 105, 108, 111, Foreign Minister, 33, 37, 39, 42, 54, 106 115–118, 120, 121 Foreign Ministry, 35, 39, 42, 43, 107 Indian Ocean, 85, 96, 97 France, 5, 11, 12, 18–20, 25, 37, 99, 101, 102, International Council, 4, 38 111, 116, 118–121 International Maritime Law, 51 Franco-Persian, 5, 19, 116 International Monetary Fund, 9, 63, 71 French, 2, 3, 18–20, 30, 41, 99, 101, 116, 118, Iran, 1–9, 11–15, 17–25, 27–45, 49, 50, 52–55, 120 57, 58, 60–62, 64, 69, 70, 72, 74, 76–80, 83, 85, 87–90, 95–112, 115–123 G Iran-Pan American Oil Company, 41 Ganja, 8, 52 Iran’s Eastern Borders, 18, 24 Gazprom Company, 77 Iranian, 1–4, 6–15, 17–25, 28–43, 45, 52–56, General Gardane, 19 59, 61, 62, 64, 78–80, 89, 95, 97–101, General Goldsmith, 8, 24 103–112, 116, 119, 121 George Passman Tate, 24 Iranian Foreign Ministry, 41, 103 Georgia, 3, 5, 8, 19, 20, 28, 33, 52, 73, 76, 87 Iranian National Assembly, 42 128 Index Iranian-Soviet Sea, 8, 50 Legal status, 54, 55 Iraq, 3, 4, 14, 27–29, 33, 34, 36–45, 63, 79, 80, Little Zab, 36 99, 103 Littoral states, 8, 54–57, 62, 63 Iraqi, 4, 36–46 London, 13, 105, 109, 111, 116, 120 Iravan, 8, 20, 21, 53 Lord Curzon, 105, 108 Isa Bin Khalifa, 106 Lord George Nathaniel Curzon, 24 Isa Bin Salman al-Khalifa, 103 Lord Palmerston, 7 Island of the World, 10 LUKOIL, 73, 88, 89 Istanbul, 3, 33–35, 38, 87 LUKOIL Company, 59 Istanbul Protocol, 34, 35, 38 M J Machiavellian, 119 Jask, 99 Mackinder, 4, 5, 8, 10, 116, 121, 122 Justice Minister, 39 Mahmarah, 23, 32 Mahmud Kabuli, 21 K Major Frank Holmes, 110 Kabul, 22–24 Makran, 17 Kadhimiya, 29 Manama, 96 Kandahar, 24 Mashhad, 22, 23, 31 Kapaz, 60 Mazandaran, 52, 55 Karabakh, 8, 52, 80 Mazar-e Sharif, 22 Karbala, 28, 29 Mecca, 2, 28 Karim Khan, 100 Medina, 3, 28 Karim Khan Zand, 29 Mediterranean Sea, 76, 86 Karun River, 36, 40 Mesopotamia, 28, 35 Kazakhstan, 8–11, 14, 55–65, 71–78, 84, 88, Mesopotamian, 28, 37 89 Middle East, 9, 11–13, 27, 29, 33, 62, 63, 71, Kerden Treaty, 3, 30 77, 79–81, 86, 87, 95, 103, 105, 116, Khanaqin, 34, 35 117, 122 Kharazm, 21 Middle Eastern, 13, 63, 81, 82 Khark Island, 6, 22, 23, 31, 36, 116, 119 Ministry of Energy, 9, 63 Khayyen River, 34, 44 Ministry of War, 103 Khorasan, 8, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 31 Mirza Abul Qasim Farahani, 21 Khorramshahr, 23, 24, 34–36, 41 Mirza Agha Khan Nouri, 23 Khosro Abad, 36, 41, 42 Mirza Muhammad Shafi` Mu`tamid al-Duleh, Khosro Abad Port, 41, 42 20 Khozestan, 23 Mohammad Ali Khan, 35 Khyber Pass, 23 Mohammad Mirza, 31 King Abdulaziz al-Saud, 4 Mohammad Reza Shah, 13, 103, 110–112 King Faisal, 38 Moscow, 54, 58, 81, 85, 86, 89 King of the Hejaz, 109 Mosul, 4, 28, 36 King Safi, 29 Mughal, 98 Kolkata, 19 Muhammad Shah, 22 Kong Port, 3, 30 Muhammad Vali Mirza, 21 Krasnosk Bay, 58 Muhammarah, 23 Kurdish, 28, 86 Mumbai, 18, 98 Kurds, 42–44, 86 Muqan, 8, 52, 53 Kurman Ghazi, 59 Muscat, 97, 100–102 Kuwait, 30, 80, 97, 102, 104, 109 N L Nabucco, 77, 79, 87 League of Arab States, 97 Nader Shah, 29, 97, 100 Legal Regime, 8, 9, 14, 15, 49–51, 54, 56–62, Nader Shah Afshar, 8, 52, 100 64–66, 69, 70, 87–90 Najaf, 28, 29 Index 129 Najd, 97 R Nakhjavan, 8, 21, 53 Rajahs, 118 Napoleon, 2, 3, 5, 18–20, 30, 101, 116 Ras al-Khaimah, 98, 102 Nasir al-Din Shah, 23 Rasht, 52 NATO, 10, 64, 76, 78, 81, 85, 122 Reza Khan, 1, 98 Naval Ministry, 40 Reza Shah,