The Journal of American Science ISSN 1545-1003 Volume 5 - Number 2, March 20, 2009 © 2009 Marsland Press, the United States Journal of American Science ISSN 1545-1003 Journal of American Science The Journal of American Science is an international journal with a purpose to enhance our natural and scientific knowledge dissemination in the world under the free publication principle. Any valuable paper that describes natural phenomena and existence or any report that conveys scientific research and pursuit are welcome, including both natural and social sciences. Papers submitted could be reviews, objective descriptions, research reports, opinions/debates, news, letters, and other types of writings that are nature and science related. The journal is calling for papers and seeking co-operators and editors as well. 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Measurement of refractive index of liquids using fiber optic displacement sensors Gobi Govindan, Srinivasan Gokul Raj, Dillibabu Sastikumar 13-17 3. Temporal Object-Oriented System (TOS) for Modeling Biological Data Abad Shah, Syed Ahsan, Ali Jaffer 18-28 4. Experimental Study on the Dynamic Behaviors of the Material for Clay core wall sand dams Shangjie Xu, Faning Dang, Wei Tian, Mo Cheng 29-35 5. Implementation of Improved Steganographic Technique for 24-bit Bitmap Images in Communication Mamta Juneja, Parvinder Sandhu 36-42 6. An assessment and evaluation of the ecological security in a human inhabited protected area at Korup, south western Cameroon: Linking satellite, ecological and human socioeconomic indicators Innocent Ndoh Mbue, Jiwen Ge, Samake Mamadou 43-53 7. Spatial Patterns of Abundance and Diversity of Socioeconomic Important Plant Species in a Human Inhabited Protected Area at Korup, Cameroon Innocent Ndoh Mbue, Jiwen Ge, K. D. D. Liyanage Wasantha , Y. Nowel Njamnsi 54-68 8. Analog forest’s contribution to biodiversity conservation; a biodiversity assessment of an analog forest on a private property in south-western wet zone of Sri Lanka Wasantha K.D.D. Liyanage, Saman N. Gamage, Lai Xulong, Julia Ellis Burnet 69-82 9. Estimation for Groundwater Balance Based on Recharge and Discharge: a Tool for Sustainable Groundwater Management, Zhongmu County Alluvial Plain Aquifer, Henan Province, China Y. Nowel Njamnsi, Innocent Ndoh Mbue 83-90 10. Primary Phytochemical Analysis Of Kappaphycus Sp. p. Rajasulochana, R. Dhamotharan, P. Krishnamoorthy 91-96 11. Vegetation coverage influence on rainfall-runoff relation based on wavelet analysis Jinchi Zhang, Jiang Jiang, Daoping Liu, Donald L. DeAngelis 97-104 © 2009 Marsland Press, the United States, [email protected] Marsland Press Journal of American Science 2009:5(2) 1-12 Using the Sound Recognition Techniques to Reduce the Electricity Consumption in Highways 1 Khalid T. Al-Sarayreh, 2 Rafa E. Al-Qutaish, 3 Basil M. Al-Kasasbeh 1 School of Higher Technology (ÉTS), University of Québec, Montréal, Québec H3C 1K3, Canada 2 Faculty of IT, Alzaytoonah University of Jordan, Airport Street, PO Box: 130, Amman 11733, Jordan 3 Faculty of IT, Applied Science University, PO Box: 926296, Amman 11931, Jordan Abstract: The lighting is available for the highways to avoid accidents and to make the driving safe and easy, but turning the lights on all the nights will consume a lot of energy which it might be used in another important issues. This paper aims at using the sound recognition techniques in order to turn the lights on only when there are cars on the highway and only for some period of time. In more details, Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) method and feature extraction will be used to apply the sound recognition. Furthermore, the Vector Quantization (VQ) will be used to map the sounds into groups in order to compare the tested sounds. [Journal of American Science 2009:5(2) 1-12] ( ISSN: 1545-1003) Key word: Linear Predictive Analysis; Sound Recognition; Speaker Verification; Electricity Consumption 1. Introduction 2. An Overview of the Related Techniques Conserving Energy is one of the most 2.1 Voice Recognition important issues in many countries since they have Voice recognition consists of two major tasks, limited resources of fuel to depend on, and they that is, Feature Extraction and Pattern Recognition. may be import all their need of energy from other Feature extraction attempts to discover countries. Therefore many conferences have been characteristics of the sound signal, while pattern held urge the people to conduct the consumption of recognition refers to the matching of features in energy. This paper will introduce a system to such a way as to determine, within probabilistic control the lighting of lamps in highways. The limits, whether two sets of features are from the system will turn the lights on only if there is a car same or different domain [Rabiner and Juang, in the highway for a pre-defined period of time, and 1993]. In general, speaker recognition can be will keep the lights off for any other sound. subdivided into speaker identification, and speaker Conserving energy of highways lights system verification. Speaker verification will be used in could be used to reduce the power invoice by this paper to recognize the sound of cars. controlling the lights of lamps in the highways and will save a lot of energy. The algorithms that define 2.2 Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) the Conserving Energy of Street Lights system use Linear predictive coding (LPC) is defined as a the Database which consists of 250 sounds of cars digital method for encoding an analogue signal in and a lot of sounds from other domains.