IAI Research Studies This book collects contributions from international leading experts on how IAI Research Studies are monographs written by one or 5 ISSN 2611-867X the Italian Presidency of the G20 in 2021 could advance a renewed global IAI Research Studies more authors (IAI or external experts) on key global issues, 1. Andrea Dessì, Ettore Greco (edited by), The Search for Stability in Libya. governance agenda. The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted every nation in mainly linked to international politics and international OSCE’s Role between Internal Obstacles and External Challenges, 2018 G relations. The aim is to promote greater and more up to date the world, highlighting how globally interconnected we are. To mitigate the LOBAL knowledge of emerging issues and trends and help prompt 2. Lorenzo Kamel, Asli Selin Okyay (edited by), Realizing Youth Potential health, social and economic effects of the Covid-19 crisis, the world needs G public debate. in the Mediterranean. Unlocking Opportunities, Overcoming Challenges, 2018 effective global responses. However, multilateral cooperation has been OVERNANCE 3. Lorenzo Kamel (edited by), Youth and Africa, 2020 facing dramatic headwinds before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. The IAI is a private, independent non-profit think tank, founded G20 could play a key role in revitalizing multilateral cooperation, by in 1965 on the initiative of Altiero Spinelli. IAI seeks to 4. Nicola Bilotta and Fabrizio Botti (edited by), Development Finance pushing for new ways and means to deal with global challenges. In this in Challenging Times, 2021 AT promote awareness of international politics and to contribute context, the authors explore four key areas which would require fresh A to the advancement of European integration and multilateral T 5. Ettore Greco, Fabrizio Botti and Nicola Bilotta (edited by), global coordination: global trade, digitalization, demographic patterns and URNING cooperation. Its focus embraces topics of strategic relevance Global Governance at a Turning Point – The Role of the G20, 2021 circular economy. such as European integration, security and defence, P international economics and global governance, energy, OINT climate and Italian foreign policy; as well as the dynamics of cooperation and conflict in key geographical regions such as the Mediterranean and Middle East, Asia, Eurasia, Africa and edited by Ettore Greco, Fabrizio Botti and Nicola Bilotta Fabrizio Greco, Ettore edited by the Americas. GLOBAL GOVERNANCE AT A TURNING POINT THE ROLE OF THE G20 edited by Ettore Greco, Fabrizio Botti and Nicola Bilotta 9788833653334_204_MP_4 ISBN 978-88-3365-333-4 SEGUICI SUI SOCIAL NETWORK 18.00 EURO IAI Research Studies 5 GLOBAL GOVERNANCE AT A TURNING POINT THE ROLE OF THE G20 edited by Ettore Greco, Fabrizio Botti and Nicola Bilotta Edizioni Nuova Cultura This book has been realized in the framework of the project “The Role of the G20 in Pro- moting Global Governance: Challenges and Opportunities of the Italian Presidency in 2021”, funded by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (MAECI) and the Compagnia di San Paolo Foundation. Foundation and of the Policy Planning Unit of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Interna- tionalThis publication Cooperation benefits pursuant from to theart. financial23-bis of contributionPresidential Decreeof the Compagnia 18/1967. The di San positions Paolo expressed are exclusively those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the posi- tions of the Compagnia di San Paolo Foundation and of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. Series Editor Lorenzo Kamel First published 2021 by Edizioni Nuova Cultura For Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI) Via dei Montecatini 17 – I-00186 Rome www.iai.it Copyright © 2021 Edizioni Nuova Cultura - Roma ISBN: 9788833653334 ISSN: 2611-867X Cover design: Marco Pigliapoco Cover photo: ktsdesign Graphic Composition: by Marco Pigliapoco The unauthorized reproduction of this book, even partial, carried out by any means, including photocopying, even for internal or didactic use, is prohibited by copyright. Table of Contents List of Contributors ........................................................................................................................ 7 List of Abbreviations .....................................................................................................................9 Foreword, by Lorenzo Kamel ...................................................................................................... 13 Introduction – Reframing Goals and Priorities of the G20 Agenda, by Ettore Greco ............................................................................................................................. 15 1. The Role of the G20 in Promoting Global Governance: Challenges and Opportunities for the Italian Presidency in 2021, by Nicola Bilotta and Fabrizio Botti ......................................................................................... 25 1. Introduction and summary ........................................................................................... 25 2. Origin and evolution of the G20 .................................................................................. 26 3. Changes in the geopolitical environment and domestic policy attitudes ..................................................................................... 29 4. Proposals for reform ........................................................................................................ 30 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 34 References ........................................................................................................................................35 2. WTO Reform: The Role of the G20, by Axel Berger and Clara Brandi ................39 1. The state of international trade cooperation ........................................................42 2. Key issues and the positions of major WTO members ......................................45 3. The role of the G20 ............................................................................................................ 56 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................... 60 3. The G20’s Work on the Digital Economy and the Future of Work: International Context, Progress and the Way Ahead, by Paul Twomey ................ 71 1. International cooperation ............................................................................................. 72 2. Initiatives undertaken in the G20 .............................................................................. 79 3. The impact of Covid-19 .................................................................................................... 89 4. The potential role of the G20 ........................................................................................ 90 References ....................................................................................................................................... 94 5 Table of contents 4. The Challenges of an Ageing Society, by Paola Subacchi .......................................101 1. The state of international cooperation ..................................................................104 2. Initiatives within the G20 context ...........................................................................106 3. Ageing: An agenda for the G20 ...................................................................................108 Conclusion .....................................................................................................................................111 References .....................................................................................................................................113 5. The G20: Accelerating the Transition to a Global Circular Economy, by Martin Charter and Ichin Cheng ...................................................................................115 1. The impact of Covid-19 ..................................................................................................120 2. Conceptual and definitional issues .........................................................................122 3. CE plans launched by the EU and national governments around the world .............................................................................................................123 4. CE policy instruments ...................................................................................................127 5. The state of play of CE international initiatives ................................................134 6. CE initiatives within the G20 framework .............................................................140 Conclusions and recommendations ................................................................................... 141 Appendices .................................................................................................................................... 147 References .....................................................................................................................................149 Appendix: Chapter 2, Tables 2-8 .........................................................................................155 6 List of Contributors , Researcher, Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI).