A Påda Index and Reverse Påda Index to Early Pali Canonical Texts (second edition) Suttanipåta, Dhammapada, Theragåthå, Therîgåthå and Saµyutta-nikåya Compiler Team of OUSAKA 2017 CONTENTS Preface to the 2017 edition i Foreword to the 2000 edition ii Preface to the 2000 edition iii Abbreviations to the 2000 edition vii Part one: Påda Index 1 Part two: Reverse Påda index 297 Preface to the 2017 edition We have already published A Pāda Index and Reverse Pāda Index to Early Pāli Canonical Texts (M. Yamazaki and Y. Ousaka, Kosei Publishing Co., Tokyo 2000), and also Saṃyutta-Nikāya I: Pāda Index and Reverse Pāda Index (S. Kasamatsu and Y. Ousaka, Philologica Asiatica, Monograph Series 23, 2008). Taking into consideration the statement by K. R. Norman, ‘[W]e may hope before long to see them provided for all Påli verse texts, together with variant readings’ (see the last paragraph in the foreword to the 2000 version), we have combined the above two pāda indexes (both forward and reverse) into one volume as A Pāda Index and Reverse Pāda Index to Early Pāli Canonical Texts (second edition). We hope that these combined indexes will be useful for scholars studying verses in Påli texts. Team of OUSAKA (YO) Abbreviation to the 2017 edition Texts S the Saµyutta-Nikåya I: sagåtha-vagga, a "collection of suttas containing verses", based on M. L. Feer's edition (revised 2006). -i- Foreword to the 2000 edition As will be clear from the quotation given at the beginning of the Preface to this volume, 1 have long been a believer in the value of påda indexes and reverse påda indexes. My need was expressed with particular reference to the so-called Patna Dharmapada, but it applies equally to the Gåndhårî Dharmapada, the Udånavarga, and any other verse text which includes parallels with other texts. My comment was made in 1989, when such indexes, if they existed, were usually made by hand and involved such an amount of work that editors of Påli verse texts frequently chose not to have an index of pådas. If they did give a påda index, they often confined themselves to listing merely the first pådas of verses. This, although useful, did not take account of the fact that verses in early Påli texts were frequently compilations, made up from pådas of other verses. This, however, is not the whole of the story. It sometimes happened that authors borrowed parts of pådas, so that even an index of individual pådas would not necessarily identify a near parallel if the first word of the pådas differed. Recognising the need, Professor W. B. Bollée published a complete påda index to the Suttanipata in 1980, and a complete påda index to the Dhammapada, together with a reverse påda index to the Dhammapada, Suttanipåta, Theragåthå and Therîgåthå in 1983. Since then the advent of powerful personal computers has led to a situation where, after the initial labour of inputting a text into a computer, those with the appropriate software can without great difficulty generate indexes of words and pådas (both forward and reverse), and analyses of metre, syntactical features, etc. The advantage of making indexes in this electronic way is that the possibility of errors occurring in the compilation of the indexes is eliminated. The only errors are those which were in the original text as entered into the computer. The Dhammapada. Suttanipåta. Theragåthå and Therîgåthå are four texts in which I have taken a particular interest, and I have published translations of all four of them with extensive notes. Either in connection with my original translations or in connection with revised versions which are in course of preparation I have made electronic editions which, with the permission of the Pali Text Society, I have made available to Professors Yamazaki and Ousaka. With the aid of these electronic data bases, they have made separate påda and reverse påda indexes to the Dhammapada, Theragåthå, Therîgåthå and Suttanipåta, of which the first was published by the Pali Text Society in 1995, and the last three were published as separate monographs by the Chuo Academic Research Institute, Tokyo (Philologica Asiatica, Monograph Series 12-14, 1997-98). Valuable as these indexes are, the need to consult all four separately when searching for a parallel påda has rendered them somewhat inconvenient to use. Recognising this and in response to requests from readers, the compilers have now combined the four indexes into one, in the same way that the same authors’ indexes of five Jain texts, previously published separately, were combined as A Påda Index and Reverse Påda Index to Early Jain Canons (Kosei Publishing Co., Tokyo 1995). This has also given the opportunity to introduce variant forms of some pådas suggested in various appendixes and critical studies of these texts by Professor Bollée (Suttanipata), Professor L.Alsdorf (Suttanipåta. Theragåthå, Therîgåthå). and the present writer (Suttanipata. Theragatha and Therlgatha). We may hope to find in future versions of this multiple index additional readings of this type included from other critical studies. The value of reverse indexes for research work involving fragments of manuscripts, or for finding partial parallels to a påda, not necessarily including the first word, is now well known, and in view of the fact that such indexes can be made comparatively easily by computer, we may hope before long to see them provided for all Pali verse texts, together with variant readings. This opens up exciting possibilities for the study of Buddhist texts and also for the study of Jain and Brahmanical texts where a number of parallels to these pådas can be found. K. R. Norman -ii- Preface to the 2000 edition In the concluding remarks in his paper “Notes on the Patna Dharmapada” in the Professor P. V. Bapat Felicitation Volume,1 Professor K. R. Norman states: “We require a complete påda index, because many partial parallels exist which cannot be traced by an index of first pådas only. It would, in fact, be helpful to have a reverse index of pådas, since frequently parallels to a portion of a påda can be found, not necessarily including the first word.” This also holds true not only for the other early BudΩist canonical texts, but also for early Jain canonical texts. What we essentially need are a påda index and a reverse påda index of each individual text. Only when a sufficient number of påda indexes and reverse påda indexes of canonical texts have been compiled will it become possible to find parallels to a påda or to a portion of a påda for every text. To date, among the oldest BudΩist texts there are only påda indexes to the Suttanipåta2 and the Dhammapada.3 We have a reverse påda index to the Dhammapada, Suttanipåta, Thera- and Therîgå¥å,4 while for early Jain canonical texts a Jain Ågama Series contains an index of first pådas only. W. B. Bollée,5 however, reports the existence of a complete påda index to the Uttaraj∆åyå in the Jain Swetambar Terapanthi Mahasa∫a Agam Gran¥amala, but we are sorry to say that it is not available to us. By using a computer we were able to make considerable advances in the compilation of indexes to canonical texts. As the result of downsizing efforts, the capabilities of personal computers have recently advanced to a much higher level. Such advances in the development of personal computers have brought the compilation of indexes within the scope of realization. By using a Macintosh personal computer we were earlier able to publish påda and reverse påda indexes to early Jain canonical texts, and also word and reverse word indexes of those texts.6 We then undertook to compile påda and reverse påda indexes of four Påli canonical texts, the Dhammapada, the Theragåthå, the Therîgåthå and the Suttanipåta, and have already published them as a series of monographs.7 I I After the publication of this series we received10 many requests to combine the four indexesPrefac einto one volume. We hope Preface that this will allow the study of Påli canonical texts to Order Character Order Character ....... ........... ... ... ... .... .. progress even further. In this book we present the complete 1 a 26 1 påda and reverse påda indexes to the four canonical texts, aaOuiie Dhp 35b6c eiiuOaa Dhp 35b 6c 2 li 27 1h eii-uaa the Dhammapada, the Theragåthå, the Therîgåthå, and the aau-ue Sn 5,12a Sn 5,12a Suttanipåta. In addition, versions of several pådas of these 3 a 28 d aauOiie BSn 8c eilOuaa BSn 6,8c 8 4 i 29 dh aauile Th lid eiiulia Th lld texts that have been studied critically by scholars in more ....... ........... .. ... ....... .... recent years are also included. 5 i 30 Q Using a personal computer, we compiled the påda 6 i 31 t indexes to the four canonical texts based on the Pali Text 7 u 32 th Table 2a. Piida index Table 2b. Reverse piida index Society editions in the following way: 8 ii 33 d (i) First we removed several characters that were 9 ii 34 dh pacta and reverse pada indexes to the four canonical texts, the Dhammapada, meaningless in the compilation of the påda index the Theragatha, the Therigatha and the Suttanipata. In addition, versions of 10 35 n from the character string of the påda, for example, r several padas of these texts that have been studied critically by scholars' in 11 36 single quotation marks, double quotation marks, f P more recent years are also included. semicolons, brackets, question marks, exclamation 12 e 37 ph Using a personal computer, we compiled the pada indexes to the four canoni- marks and vertical double lines (¢).