UKRAINE FAA119 BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS: ACTIONS NEEDED FOR CONSERVATION PROSPERITY, LIVELIHOODS AND CONSERVING ECOSYSTEMS (PLACE) IQC TASK ORDER # AID-121-TO-11-00001 May 2011 This report was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by ECODIT for the Ukraine Biodiversity Analysis Task Order No. AID-121-TO-11-00001 ECODIT Contract #EPP-I-00-06-00010-00; Task Order # AID-121-TO-11-00001 AUTHORITY Prepared for USAID/Ukraine under Prosperity, Livelihoods and Conserving Ecosystems (PLACE) Indefinite Quantity Contract number EPP-I-00-06-00010-00, Task Order #AID-121- TO-11-00001 awarded March 2011 and entitled “Ukraine Biodiversity Analysis”. This “Ukraine FAA119 Biodiversity Analysis” is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of ECODIT and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government (USG). PREPARED BY The Analysis Team of the Ukraine Biodiversity Analysis. 1600 Wilson Blvd, Suite 1220 Arlington, VA 22209 USA Tel: +1 703 841 1883 Fax: +1 703 841 1885 Web: www.ecodit.com Cover photo: Nymphoides peltata, Yellow Floating-heart, Dnipro Delta. This plant was common in rivers and floodplain lakes of the Dnipro River Basin when it had a natural hydrological regime. After the many Dnipro dams were constructed and completely altered the natural flow regime, this species became rare, and is now listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine. Photo by G. Karpova (2009) Ukraine FAA 119 Biodiversity Analysis: Actions Needed for Conservation Page | II ECODIT Contract #EPP-I-00-06-00010-00; Task Order # AID-121-TO-11-00001 [This page intentionally blank] Ukraine FAA 119 Biodiversity Analysis: Actions Needed for Conservation Page | III ECODIT Contract #EPP-I-00-06-00010-00; Task Order # AID-121-TO-11-00001 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................. IV ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................... V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................... VII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... VIII 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................................................................1 1.2 METHODS ..........................................................................................................................................................................1 2.0 STATUS OF BIODIVERSITY ........................................................................................................ 3 2.1 BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION ........................................................................................................................................3 2.2 ECOSYSTEMS ....................................................................................................................................................................4 2.3 SPECIES ........................................................................................................................................................................... 10 2.4 GENETIC DIVERSITY ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 3.0 VALUES AND ECONOMICS OF BIODIVERSITY ..................................................................... 13 3.1 PRODUCTS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 13 3.2 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ................................................................................................................................................. 15 3.3 NON – MATERIAL BENEFITS ....................................................................................................................................... 16 4.0 THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY ................................................................................................... 18 4.1 DIRECT THREATS .......................................................................................................................................................... 18 4.2 CAUSES ........................................................................................................................................................................... 20 5.0 GOVERNMENT POLICIES, LAWS, AND INSTITUTIONS ....................................................... 24 5.1 POLICIES AND LAWS ..................................................................................................................................................... 24 5.2 INSTITUTIONS ................................................................................................................................................................ 25 5.3 PROTECTED AREAS ....................................................................................................................................................... 27 5.4 TREATIES ........................................................................................................................................................................ 31 6.0 NGO AND DONOR PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES ................................................................. 34 6.1 NGOS.............................................................................................................................................................................. 34 6.2 DONORS .......................................................................................................................................................................... 38 7.0 ACTIONS NEEDED TO CONSERVE BIODIVERSITY .............................................................. 41 7.1 ACTIONS NEEDED AS IDENTIFIED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF UKRAINE ............................................................... 41 7.2 ACTIONS NEEDED AS IDENTIFIED BY THE BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS TEAM ....................................................... 43 7.3 COSTS OF ADDRESSING ACTIONS NEEDED .............................................................................................................. 49 ANNEX A: REFERENCES AND WEBSITES CONSULTED ................................................................. 50 ANNEX B: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF THE ANALYSIS TEAM ............................................... 52 ANNEX C: STATEMENT OF WORK ..................................................................................................... 53 ANNEX D: PERSONS CONTACTED, THEIR INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION, AND CONTACT INFORMATION ............................................................................................................................................ 58 Ukraine FAA 119 Biodiversity Analysis: Actions Needed for Conservation Page | IV ECODIT Contract #EPP-I-00-06-00010-00; Task Order # AID-121-TO-11-00001 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS We have tried to minimize the use of abbreviations and acronyms used in this report, but we use them to save space when they refer to frequently mentioned organizations and conventions, and when commonly used in this field. The full name to which the abbreviation or acronym refers is given the first time it is used in the text. BEO Bureau Environmental Officer EE Europe and Eurasia CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CDCS Country Development Cooperation Strategy CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CMS Convention on Migratory Species CNPA Carpathian Network of Protected Areas ECNC European Centre for Nature Conservation EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone ENPI European Neighborhood and Partnership Instrument EU European Union EUNIS European University Information Systems FAA Foreign Assistance Act FLEG Forest Law Enforcement and Governance FSC Forest Stewardship Council GEF Global Environmental Facility GOU Government of Ukraine HCVF High Conservation Value Forests IBA Important Bird Area IPM Integrated Pest Management IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature Ukraine FAA 119 Biodiversity Analysis: Actions Needed for Conservation Page | V ECODIT Contract #EPP-I-00-06-00010-00; Task Order # AID-121-TO-11-00001 MAB Man and the Biosphere MENR Ministry of Ecology and Nature Resources NECU National Ecological Centre of Ukraine NGO Non-governmental Organization NOBANIS North European and Baltic Network on Invasive Alien Species NTFP Non-Timber Forest Product PA Protected Area PDP Parliamentary Development Project PES Payment for Ecosystem Services SAFR State Agency for Forest Resources SFC State Forestry Committee SIDA Swedish International Development Agency SOW Scope of Work USAID United States Agency for International Development USFS United States Forest Service USGS United States Geological Survey UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNDP United Nations Development Program UNEP United Nations Environment Program UNESCO