LOlIDOlr .mrnm BI' IPO::rrmwOODB DD co. D1I'-8TUft SQVABB THE mSTORY OF ENGLAND FROM THE ACCESSION OF JAMES THE SECOND BY LORD MACAULAY VOLUME V. EDrrED BY HIS SISTER, ·LADY TREVELYAN LONDON LONGMAN, GREEN; LONGMAN,· AND ROBERTS 1861 v~ p L ~s:7J .S- I 778 PREFACE THE FIFTH VOLUME. I HAVE thought it. right to publish that portion of the continuation of the" History of England " which was fairly transcribed and revised by Lord Macaulay. It is given to the world·. precisely as it was left: no con .. necting link has been added; no reference verified; no authority sought for or examined. It would indeed have been possible, with the help 1 might have obtained from his friends, to haVe'supplied much that is wanting; but I preferred, and I believe the public will prefer, that the last thoughta of the great mind passed away from among us should be preserved sacred from any touch but his own. Besides the revised manuscript, a few pages containing the first rough sketch of the last two months of William's reign are all that is left. From this I have with some difficulty deciphered the vi PREFACE TO THE FIFTH VOLUME. account of the death of William. No attempt has been made, to join it on to the preceding part, or to supply the corrections which would have been ,given by the improving hand of the author. But, imperfect as it must be, I believe it will be recei-\ted with pleasure and interest as a fit conclusion to the life o{ his great hero. I will only add my grateful' thanks for the ~d advice and assistance given me by his most dear and valued friends, Dean Milman and Mr. Ellis. CONTENTS Oll' TH;E F:(FTH 'VOL UME. Dhananjayarao Gadgil Librar: " I Iillllllllllllllll~1111I1111111111111I1 GIPE-PUNE~OO 1798 CHAPTER xxm. Page . Standing Armies .' • 1 SlIoIIderland. 3 Lord. Spencer' 4 Controversy tonching Standing Armies 7 Meeting of Parliament . 16 The King's Speech well received; ·Debate on a Peace Estab-. lishment ,; 17 -Sunderland attacked • 18 The Nation averse to a Standing Army 23 Mutiny Act; the Navy .: 26 Acts concerning High Treason 27 Earl of Clan carty . 28 Ways and Means; Rights of the Sovereign in refer~nce to Crown Lands '. 32 . Proceedings in Parliament on Grants of Crown I:,ands 35 Montague accused of Peculation 37 .Bill of Pains and Penalties against Duncombe 41 Dissension between the Houses 49 Commercial Questions 51 Irish Manufactures 54 East India. Companies 60 Fire 6t Whiteha.ll 68 Visit of the Czar 70 Portland's Embassy to France 79 The Spanish Succession 94 The Count of Tallard's Embassy - 110 Newmarket Meeting: the insecure State of the Roads - 112 Further Negotiations relating to the Spanish Succession • 1)4 (:ONTENTS. , The King goes to Rolland ,;"117 Portland returns from his Embassy _ '.' 1l~ WillialI!- is reconciled to Marlborough - . ~ 120 CHAPTER XXIV. , Altered Position of the Ministry - 123 The Elections - 126 First Partition Treaty - 131 Domestic Discontent - - 145 Littleton chosen Speaker - 146 King's Speech; Proceedings relating to the Amount of the Land Force - 148 Unpopularity of Montague - 156 Bill for Disbanding the Army - 169 The King's Speech - 171 Death of the Electoral PrincEl, of Bavaria ,w - -172 Renewed Discussion of the Army Question 174 Naval Administration 180 Commission on Irish Forfeitures - 182 :r~orogation of Parliament ~ . 183 Changes in the Ministry and Household .. 184 Spanish Succession - '. 189 DarieI;1 .. 200 CHAPTER XXV. Trial of Spencer Cowper 235 Duels - 240 Discontent'of the Nation ~ - 242 ~~K~ -~ Meeting of Parliament .. 252 Attacks on Burnet -.. 255 Renewed Attack on Somers - .. 257 Question of the Irish Forfeitures: Dispute between the Houses 261 Somers again attacked .. 283' Prorogation of Parliament '. - II 286 Death of James the Second - .. 287 The Pretender recognised as King .. 295 ,Return of the King - .. • 299 General Election ' - 301 Death of William -' 305 INDEX - 311 tN·DEI. ABINGDON. ALBEVILLE. II.'s death, i. 440. note. Takes the oath of allegiance to William, iii. 33. A. Takes part in Jacobite plots, 686. • His protest against the rejection of the ABINGDON, James Bertie, Ea.rl of, i. Place Bill, iv. 344. His connexion 593. Deprived of the' Lord Lieu­ with Jacobite conspirators, 686. Sent tenancy of Oxfordshire, ii. 821. Pro­ to the Tower; his dealings with posed for the Chancellorship of the Porter, 714. University of Oxford, 423.' Jows Akbar Khan; his dea.th· and power, iv•. William of Orange, 501. 129. Abjuration Bill, iii. 510, 571. Debate Albemarle, George Monk, Duke of; his upon, in the Lords, 514, 515. character, i. 146. Marches to Lon­ Act of Grace, iii. 515. Exceptions to, don, 141. Declares for a free Parlia­ 516. Was the act of William III. ment, 148. .His seli service, 301. alone, 571, 578. Albemarle, Christopher Monk, Duke of; Adds, Ferdinand, Count cif, Papal Nun­ son of. the above,.i; 678. l\IQl'ches' cio in England, ii. 20. Advises James against Monmouth; his retreat, 579.­ II: to proceed legally, and with moder­ Proclaimed a tl'aitor by Monmouth, ation, 53, and note. Consecrated at 588. Chancellor of Cambridge Uni­ St. James's PalaCe, 270•. Procession versity, ii. 279 .. in honour of, at. Windsor, 272. His Albemarle, Arnold Van Keppel, Earl report of the acquittal of the bishops, of; his charBcter, v. 81; becomes a 388. note. His escape from England, i'a.vourite of William m; his ele­ 665. vation to the Peerage; Portland's Addison, Joseph, i. 481. note. His pic­ jealousy of him, 82. Forfeited Irish ture of a Dissenting minister, iii. 98. property bestowed on him, 264: Dis­ note. patched with Willism's last instruc­ Agbrim, battle of, iv. 91-93. tions to the Hague, 305. His return, Agriculture, state of, in 1685, i. 311- 309. Present at the King's death-bed, 316. Reform of, 410. 310. Aikenhead, Thomas, condemned to death, Albeville (White), Marquess of, ii. 47. iv. 186•. Executed, 786. His meanness and corruption, 242. Ailesbury, Countess of; her death·from James's II.'s envoy at the Hague, 464, . terror, iy. 169. 464. Insulted by the populace at the Ailesbury, Earl of; his accowit of Charles· Hague, 601. 314 INDEX. AlJIIGENSIANS. ARGYLE. Albigensians j their movement prema­ cated a Protestant, i. 211. Married ture, i. 45. to Prince George' of Denmark" 270. Aldrich, Henry, Dean of Christchurch, Her attachment to the Duchess of i 332. A member of the Ecclesiasti­ Marlborough, ii. 257. Scheme for in­ cal Commission, iii. 470. ducing her to become a Roman Catho­ Alexander VIII., Pope, iii. 439. James's lic, 309. Her absence at the birth of embassy to, 440. the Prince of Wales, 364,474. Her Alford, Gregory, Mayor of Lyme; gives disbelief of his legitimacy, 474. Her the alarm of Monmouth's landing, i flight, 520. Consents to William's 578. election to the throne, 649. Gives Allegiance, oath of, difficulties in regard birth to a son, iii. 395. Provision made to, iii 100-107. The houses of Par­ for, by Parliament, 559, 566. Her liament differ, 114. subserviency to Lady Marlborough, Alleine, Joseph, i. 585. 560. Her bigotry, 563. Her letter Alllbone, Richard, a Roman Catholic j to her father, iv. 158. )Ier interview raised to the Bench, ii. 275. One of with Mary on Marlborough's treason, the judges at the trial of the bishops, 165. Her rupture with her sister, 375. Delivers his opinion, 384. 167-169. And reconciliation, 534. Alsatia. See Whitefriars. Her reconciliation with William, 567. Alsop, Vincent, a Nonconformist of the Anne's, Queen, Bounty, iii. 78. Court party, ii. 221, 348. Anselm, Archbishop, i 23. America. Puritan settlements in, i. 92. Antrim, Alexander Macdonnell, Earl of, Trade with, from Bristol, 337. Bri­ marcheS on Londonderry, iii. 144. tish Colonies in, their alleged piratical Flight of his division at the Boyne, conduct, v. 246. 631. America, Spanish, hatred of the Span­ Apocrypha, question of lessons taken iards in, v. 97. from, iii 490. Amsterdam, meeting of British exiles Arbuthnot, his satire on the first Parti­ at, i. 541. The authorities connive at tion Treaty, v. 133. , Argyle's expedition, 549, 571. Op­ Archangel, founded by British &dven.;, position in, to William of Orange, ii. turers, v. 71, 72. Secret trade in 202, 416. Disputes with Lewis XIV., tobacco, 72. 436. The Bank of, iv. 494. Com­ Arches, Court of, it 90. mercial prosperity of, v. 205. Archidiaconal Courts, ii 90. Anderton, keeper of a secret Jacobite Argyle, Archibald Campbell, MarqueRS press, iv. 419. Tried for trelUlOn, of, i 537. His power, iii. 316. 421. Executed, 422. Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Earl of; Angus, Earl of, raises the Cameronian son of the above,.i.537. Sentenced regiment, iii. 344- to death j escapes to Holland, 538. Annandale, Earl of, a member of the His power, 539. Appointed ~om­ Club at Edinburgh, iii. 298, 355. mander of the expedition to Scotland, Goes to London, 682. Arrested; his 543. Lands in Scotland, 550. His confession, 699. ' proclamation; raises his clan,' 551. Ann Hyde, Duchess of York, Talbot's Ills plan of operations; thwarted by slanders against, i. 48. his followers, 552-556. Marches on Anne, Princess, afterwards Queen j edu- Glasgow, 557. His troops dispersed, INDEX. 315 ARGYLl!. AUSTRIA. 558. Taken prisoner, 559. His for~ Athanasian Creed, question of, iii. 473. titude, 561. His last sayings, 563. Athlone, importance and situation of, His execution, 564. His unpopular- iv. 80. Siege of, 81-83. Taken by ity in Scotland, iii. 817. the English, 85, 86. Argyle, Archlbald Campbell, Earl of; Athlone, Earl of, (General Ginkell) 80n of the abon.