Evaluation of the benefits that the UK has derived from CERN Evidence Document August 2020 Evaluation of the benefits that the UK has derived from CERN Evidence Document technopolis |group| July 2020 Neil Brown Paul Simmonds Cristina Rosemberg Maike Rentel Charlotte Glass Antonella De Santo Table of Contents 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 2 Study scope and objectives ....................................................................................................................... 2 3 Approach and methods ............................................................................................................................ 2 4 CERN, its facilities and activities ............................................................................................................. 4 4.1 History and governance ........................................................................................................................ 4 4.2 Facilities and capabilities ...................................................................................................................... 5 4.3 Technology development ...................................................................................................................... 9 4.4 Contracts and procurement .................................................................................................................11 4.5 Knowledge transfer .............................................................................................................................. 12 4.6 Education and training ........................................................................................................................ 13 5 Evaluation framework ............................................................................................................................ 14 6 Impacts relating to world-class research............................................................................................... 16 6.1 Pushing the frontiers of knowledge and enabling UK scientific progress ......................................... 16 6.2 Access to facilities and opportunities for UK research excellence ..................................................... 23 6.3 Attracting investment and talent to the UK ....................................................................................... 32 7 Impacts relating to world-class innovation ........................................................................................... 36 7.1 The wider application of CERN technologies .....................................................................................36 7.2 The wider application of CERN research findings ............................................................................. 43 7.3 Improved performance amongst UK suppliers .................................................................................. 47 8 Impacts relating to world-class skills .................................................................................................... 57 8.1 Increased skills and capabilities of the UK workforce ....................................................................... 57 8.2 Increased UK public appreciation of science .....................................................................................64 8.3 Increased UK STEM uptake ............................................................................................................... 68 9 Impacts relating to science diplomacy .................................................................................................. 74 9.1 UK influence in the international S&T landscape .............................................................................. 75 9.2 The UK’s image as a ‘great science and innovation nation’ ............................................................... 77 9.3 International diplomacy and engagement .......................................................................................... 78 10 Summary of monetised benefits ............................................................................................................ 86 10.1 Introduction to (and limitations of) the analysis of monetised benefits .......................................... 86 10.2 Overall results ...................................................................................................................................... 87 10.3 Approaches to monetising research-related benefits ........................................................................ 90 10.4 Approaches to monetising innovation-related benefits .....................................................................94 10.5 Approaches to monetising skills-related benefits ............................................................................. 98 11 Future monitoring and evaluation framework ................................................................................... 100 11.1 Design assumptions ...........................................................................................................................100 11.2 The Framework ..................................................................................................................................100 11.3 Monitoring arrangements ................................................................................................................. 104 11.4 Ad hoc studies .................................................................................................................................... 105 11.5 Evaluation arrangements .................................................................................................................. 107 Appendices Tables Table 1 Overall structure for impact areas – benefits from UK investment in CERN .................................. 14 Table 2 Top institutions for CERN-related STFC funding .............................................................................. 25 Table 3 Researcher data for the four large LHC experiments ........................................................................ 26 Table 4 Rates of international co-publications, 1996-2017 ............................................................................ 33 Table 5 UK participants in training programmes (various years) .................................................................. 59 Table 6 Top UK media outlets (by reach) disseminating CERN related content, 2017 ................................. 64 Table 7 Number of UK teachers attending the CERN National Teacher Programme ................................... 69 Table 8 Number of UK teachers attending the CERN International Teacher Programmes ......................... 69 Table 9 Number of UK school groups, teachers and students visiting CERN, 2014-18 ................................ 70 Table 10 Summary of monetised benefits to the UK (2009-2018) in 2018 real prices* ................................ 88 Table 11 NPP publication output (full count) – CERN publications with UK author ..................................... 92 Table 12 UK publication output (full count) – UK publications citing CERN publications ........................... 92 Table 13 Examples of further technology spillovers ......................................................................................... 97 Table 14 Value of training (2009-2018) (nominal prices)* ..............................................................................99 Table 15 Overall structure for impact areas – benefits from UK investment in CERN ................................ 100 Table 16 CERN monitoring and evaluation framework: proposed indicators for World-Class Research ... 101 Table 17 CERN monitoring and evaluation framework: proposed indicators for World-Class Innovation 102 Table 18 CERN monitoring and evaluation framework: proposed indicators for World-Class Skills .......... 103 Table 19 CERN monitoring and evaluation framework: proposed indicators for Science Diplomacy ......... 103 Figures Figure 1 CERN accelerators and detectors ......................................................................................................... 6 Figure 2 CERN knowledge transfer ecosystem ................................................................................................. 12 Figure 3 Logic model for the benefits to the UK of investment in CERN ........................................................ 15 Figure 4 Number of CERN publications in NPP, and as a proportion of world total (1996 – 2017) .............. 19 Figure 5 Subfields (S15) where 97% of CERN publications can be found ..................................................... 20 Figure 6 Number of UK scientific papers (published 2008–2017) citing CERN papers (published 1996 – 2017) .....................................................................................................................................................22 Figure 7 Extent that CERN has impacted on the speed of progress in their field / discipline (n=237) ......... 22 Figure 8 UK science and engineering community’s view of the special nature of CERN’s ‘offer’................... 24 Figure 9 Number of NPP papers per country (1996-2017) and proportion with CERN affiliation ............... 28 Figure 10 Proportion of NPP papers (with / without CERN-affiliation) that are in the top 10% most cited (HCP10%), 1996-2017 ..........................................................................................................................