AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF 2010 I NTERNATIONAL CAMELLIA JOURNAL 2010 JOURNAL CAMELLIA NTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL CAMELLIA SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL NUMBER ISSN 0159-656X INTERNATIONAL CAMELLIA JOURNAL 国际山茶杂志 国際 ツノヾキ会誌 JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL DU CAMELLIA REVISTA INTERNAZIONALE DELLA CAMELIA REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE LA CAMELIA INTERNATIONALE KAMELIENZEITSCHRIFT INTERNATIONAL CAMELLIA TIJDSCHRIFT Main Photo: Katsuhiko Mizuno. Inset: �hi���������eo Matsu�oto ‘Jikkô’(literally meaning ‘the sunlight’) is a 300 year old camellia just inside the entrance to the garden of Reikanji Temple in Kyoto City. It is thought to be the original plant of this variety and was cherished by the retired Emperor Gomizuno’o (1596-1680) and designated as a natural treasure by Kyoto City. See page 104 for Kentaro Nakamura’s paper that includes information about experiments for the propagation of this historic camellia. FRONT COVER PICTURE ‘Goshiki-yae-chiri-tsubaki’ was seen on several occasions on visits during the 2010 International Camellia Society Congress in Japan. The name means, literally “Five colours, double, petals scattering”. The five colours are all seen on one tree, with branches bearing white, deep pink, pale pink, striped pink on a white background, and striped with white on a pink background, making a glorious display. The most striking trees are ancient, estimated to be 400 – 500 years old. Its history is not clear, but there is a legend that the plant of the same cultivar at Jizoin Temple in camellia japonica camellia seeds filtered camellia oil Kyoto was brought in from Korea during the war between Japan and Korea in 1593. This unique cultivar the pride of the people of Kyoto and Nara. “to love the camellia, to love people, to love nature.” In Kyoto’s northern suburbs a huge plant fills the front garden of the Okumura From ancient times, Japanʼ s camellia tree has family’s house. been the focal point of many traditions and an object of beauty and wonder. Its applications 882277 (0)1202 +44 . UK range from medicine, to food, to makeup and , lamp oil. At the same time, it has a beautiful LN flower that continues to captivate the hearts of 21 1 21 countless scores of people. H The utilitarian aspects of the camellia tree are also undeniable;the oil from the seeds are used both as cooking oil and as a skin and hair care product, and have been in use for more than a thousand years, making it an essential and inseparable part of Japanese culture. Our company manufactures and sells filtered virgin camellia oil, which is harvested from the island of Izu Oshima. Oshima has an abundance of over ane, Wimborne, Dorset B Dorset Wimborne, ane, three million camellia trees. Our mission is “to love the camellia, to love people, L to love nature.” ill M Our filtration process is carried out through a special method that does not involve the heating of the oil (thereby preserving the flavor and nutrients). 14 , Our camellia oil is clear and scentless. And moreover we are convinced that it has moisturizing and osmotic properties which are superior to the other camellia oils. Itʼ s our mission to spread word of the wonder and charm of camellia oil Press inster Designated a natural treasure by Kyoto City in 1984, its longevity is thought to be M throughout the world, so that everyone may enjoy its many benefits. he he due, at least in part, to being planted over a spring of clear water. It is probably the T largest tree of this variety in Japan, measuring 9m in height, with a crown of 10m. Tsubaki Co.,Ltd It originally had a single trunk up to the height of 70cm where it branched into four president measuring about 100 to 80cm in girth respectively. At present the site is filled in to Yukitaka Hihara by Printed 4-10-13 Motomachi Oshima-machi the height of the branching and is now seen as if it is a multi-forked plant. Tokyo 100-0101 Japan The second ‘Goshiki-yae-chiri-tsubaki’ is in the grounds of Byakugoji Temple at e-mail:[email protected] the foot of Mount Takamado in a south eastern suburb of the ancient city of Nara, http://www.tubaki.co.jp/ a former capital of Japan. It too is designated a natural monument, one of three most famous camellias in Nara. The Temple, built in 715, is reached by climbing about 150 stone steps, but this 400 year old camellia, and others almost as old in its grounds, and the view across the whole of the Nara Basin are well worth the effort. With thanks to �hi�eo Matsu�oto for infor�ation about this historic ca�ellia. J.E.T. International Camellia Journal 2010 No. 42 An official publication of the International Camellia Society Aims of the International Camellia Society To foster the love of camellias throughout the world and maintain and increase their popularity To undertake historical, scientific and horticultural research in connection with camellias To co-operate with all national and regional camellia societies and with other horticultural societies To disseminate information concerning camellias by means of bulletins and other publications To encourage a friendly exchange between camellia enthusiasts of all nationalities MAJOR DATES ON THE INTERNATIONAL CAMELLIA CALENDAR International Camellia Congresses 2012 --- Chuxiong, Yunnan, China. ICS 50th (Golden) Anniversary. 2014 --- Galicia, North West Spain. 2016 --- Dali, Yunnan, China. 2018 --- Nantes, Brittany, France. Symposium 2011 --- Goto, Japan. Historic Camellias. Contents Message from the President - Patricia Short 4 Notes from the Editor - ����������������Jennifer Trehane 6 Report of the ICS Web Editor - Patricia Short 7 First ICS Symposium on Historic Camellias - Chuji Hiruki 8 International Camellia Congress 2012. Chuxiong, Yunnan, China 9 Chuxiong Congress 2012. Pre-congress Tour. 12 Chuxiong Congress 2012. Post-congress Tour. 15 Events in 2010 International Camellia Congress. Kurume 20-24 March 2010 17 Pre-Congress Tour 2010 – Charles Lee – Camellias Australia 20 Post Congress Tour 2010 – Jennifer Trehane 25 2010 International Camellia Congress – Congress Papers Japan’s Camellias: How they won the West 32 Herb Short Sakuden and his work with special emphasis on Hyakuchin-shu 38 Kazuyo Suzuki Camellia history and future in the Benelux and renewed links with Japan 42 Marc de Coninck Identification, history, cultivation, and conservation of heritage camellias in Hawaii 46 Martin F. Stoner Spanish camellias in the International Camellia Register 50 María González, Carmen Salinero, Pilar Vela, J. Luis Couselo Higo Camellias 54 Shigeo Matsumoto Introduction of Higo-sasanqua 58 Takayuki Tanaka The difficulties and pleasure of collecting and growingHigo Camellias in Germany 65 Beate Ackermann Environmental adaptation and biodiversity of Camellia japonica L. 68 Chuji Hiruki The current state of camellias on Izu Oshima and our company’s initiatives in camellia regeneration projects 73 Yukitaka Hihara and Genki Fukui Survey of Camellias utilization in Yangtze River Delta 76 Li-cui Wang, Ya-Li Zhang, Jian Li, Qing-hua Li, Yong-hong Hu In vitro effect of four biofungicides on control of Ciborinia camelliae Kohn 79 Dolores Montenegro, Olga Aguín, Carmen Salinero, J. Pedro Mansilla Camellia chuangtsoensis, another re-blooming species discovered after Camellia azalea in China 84 Jiyin Gao, Xinkai Liu, Wanjian Huang, Yuling Liu, Guanghui Chen Camellia amplexicaulis (Pitard) Coh. St. (Theaceae):Molecular and morphological comparison of selected samples from Viet Nam, China and the USA 89 G. Orel, D. Marchant, A. S. Curry A preliminary report on heat tolerance of Camellia sasanqua 95 Biyu Xu, Tianfei Li, Tian Li Population variations in Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu and its conservation strategies 100 Yun Xie, Jiyuan Li, Sui Ni, Gaopu Zhu, Zhenqqi Fan Propagation of some varieties of Camellia japonica in Reikanji-temple and a variety of Camellia sasanqua in Ankokuronji-temple. 104 Kentaro Nakamura, Remi Nakagawa and Mineyuki Yokoyama Chloroplast DNA variation in Camellia japonica and C. sasanqua in Japan 107 Kumiko Hayashi, Nobumine Tateishi, Yukio Ozaki and Hiroshi Okubo Expression of the white marginal picotee in the petals of ‘Tamanoura’ 112 Nobumine Tateishi, Yukio Ozaki and Hiroshi Okubo Characterization and differentiation of old Camellia japonica cultivars using simple sequence repeat (SSRs) as genetic markers 117 Jose Luis Couselo, Pilar Vela, Carmen Salinero, Mª Jesús Sainz Compositions and variations of anthocyanins in camellia cultivars of China 123 Jiyuan Li, Sui Ni, Jianbi Li, Xiaoqing Zhang, Zhenqqi Fan, Xinlei Li Somatic embryogenesis and somatic embryo germination of Camellia azalea × Camellia japonica ‘Maiden of Great Promise’ 127 Matthew Taylor, Edwin Leinbach and Jason Lattier Other Articles Camellia luteocerata sp. nov. and a new section of Camellia (Dalatia) from Vietnam 131 George Orel and Peter G. Wilson A New Species of Camellia Sect. Stereocarpus (Theaceae) from Vietnam 137 George Orel and Peter G. Wilson Seemingly I Already Knew the Ancient Camellia Trees in Taiwan 141 You Muxian, China Camellia Nurseries are Booming in China 144 Greg Davis, past ICS President. USA News and Reports Otomo Endowment Research Fund - Herb Short 146 International Camellia Registrar’s Report - Neville Haydon 147 ICS Gardens of Excellence - Jennifer Trehane 148 Historic Camellias Group Formation - Chuji Hiruki 149 New Books 150 Deceased 2010 152 Obituaries 153 News from the Regions 155 Retiring Treasurer’s Report & Accounts - Neville Haydon 162 ICS Membership - Ines Kasimir 164 Directors and Officers 171 Contents’ Translations page 174 Voir page 174 pour la traduction du resume du message de notre President et des articles principaux dans ce Journal. Translated by Marc de Coninck s.S.176: Zusammenfassung der Mitteilungen des Praesidenten und der wesentlichen Artikel dieses Journals. Translated by �arin �acobs-�ebauer 中文翻译的主席致辞和主要内容摘要，请见178页。Translated by Wang Zhonglang 「会長メッセージと主要記事の要約の日本語訳については180頁をご覧下さい。」 Translated by Shigeo Matsumoto Message from the President Patricia L. Short It was the end of an era, when Greg Davis – president since 2002 – passed the presidential baton over to me at the ICS Congress in Kurume, this spring.