Landsbydannelse Og Bebyggelsesstruktur I Det 1. Årtusinde - Et Bebyggelseshistorisk Regionalstudie

Landsbydannelse Og Bebyggelsesstruktur I Det 1. Årtusinde - Et Bebyggelseshistorisk Regionalstudie

Landsbydannelse og bebyggelsesstruktur i det 1. årtusinde - et bebyggelseshistorisk regionalstudie Tekst Ph.d.-afhandling af Jesper Hansen Afleveret: 9.10.2015 Institut for Historie, Kartografisk Dokumentationscenter, Syddansk Universitet, Odense Hovedvejleder: Lektor, lic.phil. Per Grau Møller Antal typeenheder: 622.466 Village Formation and Settlement Structure in the first Millennium a settlement historical regional study Indhold Forord ................................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Præsentation ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. Formål ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2. Afhandlingens opbygning ......................................................................................................... 6 2. Introduktion ...................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1. Terminologi ............................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1. Arkæologiske periodebetegnelser anvendt i afhandlingen ................................................. 8 2.1.2. Bebyggelseshistoriske nøglebegreber ................................................................................ 9 2.2. Forskningshistorik ................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.1. Problemstilling ................................................................................................................. 30 2.3. Teori og metode ....................................................................................................................... 33 2.3.1. Teoretisk udgangspunkt ................................................................................................... 34 2.3.2. Teoretiske valg og fravalg – metodisk betydning ............................................................ 38 2.3.3. Metode ............................................................................................................................. 48 2.3.3.1. Arkæologiske kilder .................................................................................................. 49 2.3.3.1.1. Detektorlokaliteter – en metodisk ekskurs ......................................................... 51 2.3.3.1.2. 14C-dateringer, muligheder og begrænsninger – en metodisk ekskurs .............. 54 2.3.3.1.2.1 Datering af huse ........................................................................................... 56 2.3.3.1.2.2. Datering i og af landsbyer ........................................................................... 57 2.3.3.2. Skriftlige kilder ......................................................................................................... 59 2.3.3.3. Kartografiske kilder – arkæo-kartografisk metode ................................................... 60 3. De fynske bebyggelser i 1. årtusinde e.Kr. .................................................................................... 62 3.1. De arkæologiske data .............................................................................................................. 65 3.1.1. Repræsentativitet .............................................................................................................. 69 3.1.2. Kontinuitet og forandring................................................................................................. 72 3.1.2.1. Geografisk kontinuitet og forandring ........................................................................ 72 3.1.2.2. Bebyggelsesorganisatorisk kontinuitet og forandring ............................................... 78 3.1.2.3. Enkeltgård og landsby ............................................................................................... 82 3.2. Husene ..................................................................................................................................... 84 3.2.1. Hovedtyperne ................................................................................................................... 85 3.2.1.1. Treskibede langhuse .................................................................................................. 86 1 3.2.1.2. Dobbeltstolpehuset .................................................................................................... 87 3.2.1.3. Enskibede huse .......................................................................................................... 87 3.2.1.4. Trelleborg(lignende) huse ......................................................................................... 90 3.2.1.5. Grubehuse ................................................................................................................. 92 3.2.1.6. Bebyggelsesmodeller og hustyper – en analytisk rettesnor ...................................... 95 3.2.2. Husenes holdbarhed – en tolkningsmæssig ekskurs ........................................................ 96 3.2.2.1. Generelle forhold ...................................................................................................... 98 3.2.2.2. Bygningsteknologi .................................................................................................... 99 3.2.2.3. Rekonstruerede huse ............................................................................................... 101 3.2.2.4. Konklusion .............................................................................................................. 102 3.3. Gårdene og tofterne ............................................................................................................... 103 3.3.1. Ældre romertid ............................................................................................................... 103 3.3.2. Gården indtil ca. 600 e.Kr. ............................................................................................. 104 3.3.2.1. Gårdens tofte ........................................................................................................... 110 3.3.3. Gården efter ca. 600 e.Kr. .............................................................................................. 114 3.3.3.1. Gård og gods i 1. årtusinde ..................................................................................... 116 3.4. Landsbyerne .......................................................................................................................... 118 3.4.1. Landsbyen indtil ca. 600 e.Kr. ....................................................................................... 118 3.4.2. Landsbyen efter ca. 600 e.Kr. ........................................................................................ 122 3.4.2.1. Udflytning fra landsbyen efter ca. 800 e. Kr. .......................................................... 123 3.4.3. Konklusion ..................................................................................................................... 124 3.5. Ejerlavene.............................................................................................................................. 126 3.5.1. Yngre germanertid og vikingetid ................................................................................... 131 3.5.1.1. Opsummering .......................................................................................................... 142 3.5.2. Yngre romertid og ældre germanertid ............................................................................ 142 3.5.2.1. Opsummering af etableringsfasen ........................................................................... 144 3.5.3. Oldtidsbygderne før torpekspansionen – et retrospektionsforsøg .................................. 148 3.5.4. Perspektivering............................................................................................................... 155 3.5.5. Ejerlavene og tynge ........................................................................................................ 157 3.5.5.1. Knud den Helliges gavebrev 1085, og de danske ejerlav. ...................................... 172 3.5.5.2. Konklusion .............................................................................................................. 176 3.6. Herrederne ............................................................................................................................. 177 2 3.7. Sognene og kirkerne.............................................................................................................. 182 3.8. Riget ...................................................................................................................................... 186 3.9. Bebyggelsesnavne ................................................................................................................. 191 3.9.1. Teori og metode – mål og midler ................................................................................... 191 3.9.2. Empiri, bebyggelsesnavne og marknavne ...................................................................... 194 3.9.3. Behovet for at navngive ................................................................................................. 196 3.9.4. Navnenes alder ..............................................................................................................

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