TemaNord 2014:568 TemaNord TemaNord 2014:568 TemaNord Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K www.norden.org Arctic Social Indicators ASI II: Implementation Arctic Social Indicators Arctic Social Indicators II (ASI-II) is a follow-up activity to ASI-I (2010) and the first Arctic Human Development Report (AHDR, 2004). The objective of ASI (2010) was to develop a small set of Arctic specific social indicators that as a collective would help facilitate the tracking and monitoring of change in human development in the Arctic. ASI indicators were developed for six domains that are considered prominent aspects of human development in the Arctic by residents in the Arctic: Health and Population; Material Wellbeing; Education; Cultural Wellbeing; Contact with Nature; and Fate Control. The objective of the present volume of ASI is to present and discuss the findings of the work on measuring the set of recommended ASI indicators; to conduct a series of regional case studies to illustrate and test the strength and applicability of these indicators; to identify and describe data challenges for the Arctic region specifically in relation to these Arctic specific indicators and to draw conclusions about the ability of ASI to track changes in human development; and to formulate policy relevant conclusions for the long-term monitoring of Arctic human development. The core content of ASI-II is a set of five carefully selected case studies, which form the basis for drawing conclusions about the applicability of the ASI indicators and for formulating policy relevant conclusions. Case studies are performed for Sakha Republic (Yakutia); the West-Nordic Region; Northwest Territories; Inuit Regions of Alaska; and the Inuit World, with the Survey of Living Conditions in the Arctic (SLiCA) used to augment ASI. Findings on the state and changes in Arctic human development and wellbeing are presented. Based on our analysis and conclusions from the five case studies the framework for an ASI monitoring system is introduced. We argue that the long-term monitoring of human development in the Arctic would be greatly facilitated by the regular and frequent collection and reporting of relevant data, including those required for the proposed small set of ASI indicators. TemaNord 2014:568 ISBN 978-92-893-3886-8 (PRINT) ISBN 978-92-893-3888-2 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-893-3887-5 (EPUB) ISSN 0908-6692 Joan Nymand Larsen, Peter Schweitzer and Andrey Petrov (Eds.) TN2014568 omslag.indd 1 13-02-2015 12:25:44 Arctic Social Indicators ASI II: Implementation TemaNord 2014:568 Arctic Social Indicators ASI II: Implementation ISBN 978-92-893-3886-8 (PRINT) ISBN 978-92-893-3888-2 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-893-3887-5 (EPUB) http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2014-568 TemaNord 2014:568 ISSN 0908-6692 © Nordic Council of Ministers 2014 Layout: Hanne Lebech Cover photo: Rasmus Ole Rasmussen Print: Rosendahls-Schultz Grafisk Copies: 200 Printed in Denmark This publication has been published with financial support by the Nordic Council of Ministers. However, the contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views, policies or recom- mendations of the Nordic Council of Ministers. www.norden.org/en/publications Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involv- ing Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland. Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an im- portant role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe. Nordic co-operation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. Common Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world’s most innovative and competitive. Nordic Council of Ministers Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K Phone (+45) 3396 0200 www.norden.org Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................... 7 Preface ..........................................................................................................................................................11 PART I: Introduction ...............................................................................................................................13 1. Tracking Change in Human Development in the Arctic Joan Nymand Larsen, Peter P. Schweitzer, Andrey Petrov and Gail Fondahl ............. 15 1.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................15 1.2 Social Indicators ..................................................................................................................32 1.3 Developing a Set of Arctic Social Indicators: The Process ................................. 33 1.4 Summary of ASI indicators .............................................................................................37 1.5 A Small Set of Arctic Social Indicators .......................................................................42 1.6 Data Availability and Limitations ................................................................................43 1.7 Introduction to Focus Studies .......................................................................................47 1.8 References .............................................................................................................................54 PART II: Case Studies .............................................................................................................................55 2. Sakha Repubic (Yakutia), Russian Federation Gail Fondahl, Susie Crate and Viktoriia V. Filippova............................................................57 2.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................57 2.2 Data and Methodology .....................................................................................................59 2.3 Health and Population Domain .....................................................................................61 2.4 Material Wellbeing Domain............................................................................................68 2.5 Education Domain ..............................................................................................................72 2.6 Cultural Wellbeing and Cultural vitality ...................................................................74 2.7 Contact with Nature ..........................................................................................................78 2.8 Fate Control Domain .........................................................................................................81 2.9 Summary and Conclusions .............................................................................................85 2.10 References .............................................................................................................................88 3. The Northwest Territories, Canada Andrey Petrov, Leslie King and Philip Cavin ...........................................................................93 3.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................93 3.2 Data and Methodology .....................................................................................................96 3.3 Results .................................................................................................................................. 102 3.4 References .......................................................................................................................... 153 4. West-Nordic Region Rasmus Ole Rasmussen, Johanna Roto and Lawrence C. Hamilton ............................. 155 4.1 Introduction: The West-Nordic Region .................................................................. 155 4.2 Data and Methodology .................................................................................................. 170 4.3 Health and Population Domain .................................................................................. 171 4.4 The Material Wellbeing Domain ................................................................................ 178 4.5 The Education Domain .................................................................................................. 183 4.6 Cultural Wellbeing and Cultural Vitality Domain .............................................. 190 4.7 Contact with the Nature Domain .............................................................................. 198 4.8 Fate Control Domain ...................................................................................................... 202 4.9 Conclusions .........................................................................................................................206 4.10 References ...........................................................................................................................207 5. Inuit Regions of Alaska Peter P. Schweitzer, Raymond Barnhardt, Matthew Berman and Lawrence Kaplan ............................................................................................................................211 5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................211