Pompeis Difficile Est Pompeis Difµcile Est Studies in the Political Life of Imperial Pompeii James L. Franklin, Jr. Ann Arbor Copyright © by the University of Michigan 2001 All rights reserved Published in the United States of America by The University of Michigan Press Manufactured in the United States of America ∞ Printed on acid-free paper 2004 2003 2002 2001 4321 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Franklin, James L. Pompeis difficile est : studies in the political life of imperial Pompeii / James L. Franklin. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-472-11056-X (cloth) 1. Pompeii (Extinct city)—Politics and government—Sources. 2. Elections—Italy—Pompeii (Extinct city)—Sources. 3. Upper class families—Italy—Pompeii (Extinct city)—Political activity. I. Title. DG70.P7 F75 1999 320.937′7—dc21 99-052255 Acknowledgments While I have for over twenty years been interested in the prosopogra- phy—the study of the inhabitants—of ancient Pompeii, this project saw its serious beginnings during the 1995–96 academic year, when I was granted a sabbatical leave from my teaching duties at Indiana Univer- sity. I had admittedly before that begun to put my thoughts to paper, but that year’s research and re×ection convinced me that there was in- deed this book for me to write. Likewise, µnal thoughts and changes were made possible thanks to a Summer Faculty Fellowship awarded me in 1998, again by Indiana University. For special support at this proj- ect’s beginning and end, I therefore gratefully thank my home institu- tion. At Indiana I have enjoyed the loyal support of two individuals in par- ticular: Eleanor Winsor Leach, colleague and fellow “Pompeianista,” and James Werner Halporn, who even since his retirement has regularly prodded me forward. Almost before the project began, Lawrence Richardson, jr, my former teacher and internalized mentor, read a ram- bling, short typescript and pointed me in more productive, organized directions. To these people in particular I owe great debts of gratitude. The end result, of course, remains entirely my responsibility; in this world, alas, good counsel is as often rejected as taken. Grateful acknowledgment is also made to Caratzas Publishing, Inc., for permission to include as the µrst chapter here a revised version of an article, “Augustans at Pompeii,” from The Shapes of City Life in Rome and Pompeii: Essays in Honor of Lawrence Richardson, jr on the Occa- sion of His Retirement, edited by H.B. Evans and M.T. Boatwright (New Rochelle 1996). Ayer Company Publishers has permitted as µgure 18 here reproduction of the illustration, “Façade of the house of Epidius Rufus, restored,” from August Mau’s Pompeii: Its Life and Art, trans- lated by F.W. Kelsey, second edition (New York 1902). My analysis of the career of Alleius Nigidius Maius earlier appeared as the article “Cn. Alleius Nigidius Maius and the Amphitheatre: Munera and a Distin- vi Acknowledgments guished Career at Ancient Pompeii” in Historia 46 (1997): 434–47, and thanks are due Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden GmbH for permission to reproduce it in part here. Finally, Liselotte Eschebach and Jürgen Müller-Trollius have graciously granted me permission to reproduce the overall plan of Pompeii as well as twenty-µve detailed plans of city blocks from their recent volume Gebäudeverzeichnis und Stadtplan der antiken Stadt Pompeji (Cologne 1993), which includes Müller-Trollius’ updated version of the master plan of Pompeii by Hans Eschebach. Contents Abbreviations . ix Figures . xiii Introduction . 1 Chapter 1. Augustans . 17 Chapter 2. Early Julio-Claudians . 46 Chapter 3. Middle to Late Julio-Claudians—Claudians . 65 Chapter 4. Middle to Late Julio-Claudians—Neropoppaeenses . 101 Chapter 5. Middle to Late Julio-Claudians—Newcomers . 131 Chapter 6. Flavians . 154 Conclusion: Pompeis Difµcile Est . 197 Appendix: Dated Pompeian Magistrates . 209 Inscriptions Cited . 213 Index . 221 Abbreviations Abbreviations of titles of journals and standard reference works follow the American Journal of Archaeology 95 (1991) 1–16. In addition, the following short references are used: Andreau, Jucundus J. Andreau, Les affaires de Monsieur Jucundus, Collection de l’École Française de Rome, 19. Rome 1974. Andreau, “Remarques” J. Andreau. “Remarques sur la société pompéienne.” Dialoghi di Archeologia 7 (1973) 213–54. Apochae Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. Vol. 4, supp. 1, pt. 1, Tabulae Ceratae Pompeis Repertae Annis MDCCCLXXV et MDCCCLXXXVII. Ed. Carolo Zangemeister. Berlin 1871. Castrén P. Castrén. Ordo Populusque Pompeianus: Polity and Society in Ro- man Pompeii, Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae 8. Rome 1975. Conway R.S. Conway, The Italic Dialects. Cambridge 1897. D’Ambrosio and De Caro A. D’Ambrosio and S. De Caro. Un impegno per Pompei: Fotopiano e documentazione della Necropoli di Porta Nocera. Mi- lan 1983. D’Arms, “Pompeii and Rome” J.H. D’Arms. “Pompeii and Rome in the Au- gustan Age and Beyond: The Eminence of the Gens Holconia.” In Studia Pompeiana et Classica in Honor of Wilhelmina F. Jashemski, ed. R.I. Curtis, 2 vols., 1:51–74. New Rochelle 1988. De Caro, “Scavi” S. De Caro. “Scavi dell’ area fuori Porta di Nola a Pompei.” Cronache Pompeiane 5 (1979) 61–101. De Caro, “Sculptures” S. De Caro. “The Sculptures of the Villa of Poppaea at Oplontis: A Preliminary Report.” In Ancient Roman Villa Gardens, ed. E.B. MacDougall, Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium on the History of Landscape Ar- chitecture 10, pp. 79–133. Washington, D.C. 1987. de Franciscis A. de Franciscis. “La casa di C. Iulius Polybius.” Rivista di Studi Pompeiani 2 (1988) 15–36. Della Corte M. Della Corte. Case ed abitanti di Pompei. Ed. P. Soprano. 3d ed. Naples 1965. (Unless otherwise speciµed, references are to section numbers, not pages.) De’ Spagnolis Conticello M. De’ Spagnolis Conticello. “Sul rinvenimento della villa e del monumento funerario dei Lucretii Valentes.” Rivista di Studi Pom- peiani 6 (1993–94) 147–66. Dobbins, “Chronology” J. Dobbins. “Problems of Chronology, Decoration, x Abbreviations and Urban Design in the Forum of Pompeii.” American Journal of Archae- ology 98 (1994) 629–94. Dyson, Community S.L. Dyson. Community and Society in Roman Italy. Bal- timore and London 1992. Eschebach H. Eschebach. Die städtebauliche Entwicklung des antiken Pom- peji. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Römische Abteilung, Supplemental Volume 17. Heidelberg 1970. Eschebach and Müller-Trollius L. Eschebach and J. Müller-Trollius, Gebäude- verzeichnis und Stadtplan der antiken Stadt Pompeji. Cologne 1993. Fiorelli, Descrizione G. Fiorelli. Descrizione di Pompei. Naples 1875. Franklin, “Augustans” J.L. Franklin, Jr. “Augustans at Pompeii.” In The Shapes of City Life in Rome and Pompeii, Essays in Honor of Lawrence Richardson, jr. on the Occasion of His Retirement, ed. H.B. Evans and M.T. Boatwright, 71–89. New Rochelle 1996. Franklin, Electoral J.L. Franklin, Jr. Pompeii: The Electoral Programmata, Campaigns, and Politics, A.D. 71–79. Papers and Monographs of the Ameri- can Academy in Rome 28. Rome 1980. Franklin, “Maius” J.L. Franklin, Jr. “Cn. Alleius Nigidius Maius and the Am- phitheatre: Munera and a Distinguished Career at Ancient Pompeii.” Histo- ria 96 (1997) 434–47. Franklin, “Pantomimists” J.L. Franklin, Jr. “Pantomimists at Pompeii: Actius Anicetus and His Troupe.” American Journal of Philology 108 (1987) 95–107. Franklin, “Scriptores” J.L. Franklin, Jr. “Notes on Pompeian Prosopography: Programmatum Scriptores.” Cronache Pompeiane 4 (1978) 54–74. Franklin, “Valens” J.L. Franklin, Jr. “Notes on Pompeian Prosopography: Two Non-existent Ancients and the DD. Lucretii Valentes.” Parola del Passato 34 (1979) 405–14. Fröhlich T. Fröhlich. Lararien- und Fassadenbilder in den Vesuvstädten: Un- tersuchungen zur “volkstumlichen” pompejanischen Malerei. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Römische Abteilung, Supplemen- tal Volume 32. Mainz 1991. Giordano, “Polibio” C. Giordano. “Iscrizioni grafµte e dipinte nella Casa di C. Iulio Polibio.” Rendiconti dell’ Accademia di Archeologia, Lettere e Belle Arti, Napoli, n.s., 49 (1974) 21–28. Giordano and Casale C. Giordano and A. Casale. “Iscrizioni pompeiane inedite scoperte tra gli anni 1954–1978,” Atti della Accademia Pontaniana, n.s., 39 (1990) 273–378. (Unless otherwise speciµed, references are to entry numbers, not pages.) Giornale Giornale degli scavi di Pompei. Hänlein-Schäfer H. Hänlein-Schäfer. Veneratio Augusti: Eine Studie zu den Tempeln des ersten römischen Kaisers. Rome 1985. Helbig W. Helbig. Wandgemälde der vom Vesuv verschütteten Städte Cam- paniens. Leipzig 1868. Kockel V. Kockel. Die Grabbauten vor dem Herkulaner Tor in Pompeji. Beiträge zur Erschliessung hellenisticher und kaiserzeitlicher Skulptur und Architektur 1. Mainz 1983. Abbreviations xi Los, “Affranchis” A. Los. “Les affranchis dans la vie politique à Pompei.” Mélanges de l’École Française de Rome, Antiquité 99 (1987) 847–73. Los, “Remarques” A. Los, “Quibus patet curia municipalis: Remarques sur la structure de la classe dirigente de Pompei.” Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz 3 (1992) 259–97. Magaldi, “Echi” E. Magaldi. “Echi di Roma a Pompei.” Rivista di Studi Pom- peiani 2 (1936) 25–100. Magaldi, “Echi II” E. Magaldi. “Echi di Roma a Pompei II.” Rivista di Studi Pompeiani 2 (1936) 129–209. Magaldi, “Echi III” E. Magaldi, “Echi di Roma a Pompei III.” Rivista di Studi Pompeiani 3 (1939) 21–60. Mau, Pompeii. A. Mau. Pompeii: Its Life and Art. Trans. F.W. Kelsey. 2d ed. New York 1902. Michel, Cei D. Michel. Casa dei Cei. Deutsches Archäologisches Institut: Häuser im Pompeji 3. Munich 1990. Moeller, “Maius” W. Moeller. “Gnaeus Alleius Nigidius Maius, Princeps Colo- niae.” Latomus 32 (1973) 515–20. Mouritsen, Elections H. Mouritsen. Elections, Magistrates and Municipal Élite: Studies in Pompeian Epigraphy. Analecta Romana Instituti Danici, supp.