Blackdown Rings – The Norman involvement Blackdown Rings – The Norman involvement Who was who by 1066 and how related were they Who was who by 1066 and how related were they Britain • Celts - a mosaic of named peoples (Trinovantes, Silures, Cornovii, Selgovae, etc) – little sign of collective identity • Romans invade and many people arrive and settle Who was who by 1066 and how related were they Britain • Celts - a mosaic of named peoples (Trinovantes, Silures, Cornovii, Selgovae, etc) – little sign of collective identity • Romans invade and many people arrive and settle • Romans leave over a period of ~ 100 years settlers remain • By the 5th century A.D. barbarian tribes were attacking other parts of the Roman Emperor Honorius decided that the Roman legions in Britain were needed elsewhere. He sent a letter to the people of Britain telling them the soldiers had to leave. They must fight the Saxons and invaders on their own. Who was who by 1066 and how related were they Britain • Celts - a mosaic of named peoples (Trinovantes, Silures, Cornovii, Selgovae, etc) – little sign of collective identity • Romans invade and many people arrive and settle • Romans leave over a period of ~ 100 years settlers remain • Saxons invade from their homelands in Northern Germany, Denmark and The Netherlands in the 5th centenary Who was who by 1066 and how related were they Britain • Celts - a mosaic of named peoples (Trinovantes, Silures, Cornovii, Selgovae, etc) – little sign of collective identity • Romans invade and many people arrive and settle • Romans leave over a period of ~ 100 years settlers remain • Ango-Saxons invade from their homelands in Northern Germany, Denmark and The Netherlands in the 5th centenary – they are here to stay and settle in England Who was who by 1066 and how related were they Britain • Celts - a mosaic of named peoples (Trinovantes, Silures, Cornovii, Selgovae, etc) – little sign of collective identity • Romans invade and many people arrive and settle • Romans leave over a period of ~ 100 years settlers remain • Ango-Saxons invade from their homelands in Northern Germany, Denmark and The Netherlands in the 5th centenary • Viking raids, incursions and invasions - from the Scandinavian countries: Denmark, Norway and Sweden – The name 'Viking' comes from a language called 'Old Norse' and means 'a pirate raid'. People who went off raiding in ships were said to be 'going Viking'. The Viking age in European history was about AD 700 to 1100 Who was who by 1066 and how related were they Britain • Celts - a mosaic of named peoples (Trinovantes, Silures, Cornovii, Selgovae, etc) – little sign of collective identity • Romans invade and many people arrive and settle • Romans leave over a period of ~ 100 years settlers remain • Ango-Saxons invade from their homelands in Northern Germany, Denmark and The Netherlands in the 5th centenary • Viking raids, incursions and invasions - from the Scandinavian countries: Denmark, Norway and Sweden – The name 'Viking' comes from a language called 'Old Norse' and means 'a pirate raid'. People who went off raiding in ships were said to be 'going Viking'. The Viking age in European history was about AD 700 to 1100 Normans • Vikings under the Viking chief named Rollo, from the same regions that invaded England, were given lands in the North of France at the beginning of the tenth century, the French King, Charles the Simple Who was who by 1066 and how related were they Britain • Celts - a mosaic of named peoples (Trinovantes, Silures, Cornovii, Selgovae, etc) – little sign of collective identity • Romans invade and many people arrive and settle • Romans leave over a period of ~ 100 years settlers remain • Ango-Saxons invade from their homelands in Northern Germany, Denmark and The Netherlands in the 5th centenary • Viking raids, incursions and invasions - from the Scandinavian countries: Denmark, Norway and Sweden – The name 'Viking' comes from a language called 'Old Norse' and means 'a pirate raid'. People who went off raiding in ships were said to be 'going Viking'. The Viking age in European history was about AD 700 to 1100 Mixed bag with strong family ties - Germany/Denmark/France/Netherlands/Norway & Sweden Normans • Vikings under the Viking chief named Rollo, from the same regions that invaded England, were given lands in the North of France at the beginning of the tenth century, the French King, Charles the Simple Who was who by 1066 and how related were they Britain • Celts - a mosaic of named peoples (Trinovantes, Silures, Cornovii, Selgovae, etc) – little sign of collective identity • Romans invade and many people arrive and settle • Romans leave over a period of ~ 100 years settlers remain • Ango-Saxons invade from their homelands in Northern Germany, Denmark and The Netherlands in the 5th centenary • Viking raids, incursions and invasions - from the Scandinavian countries: Denmark, Norway and Sweden – The name 'Viking' comes from a language called 'Old Norse' and means 'a pirate raid'. People who went off raiding in ships were said to be 'going Viking'. The Viking age in European history was about AD 700 to 1100 Mixed bag with strong family ties - Germany/Denmark/France/Netherlands/Norway & Sweden Normans • Vikings under the Viking chief named Rollo, from the same regions that invaded England, were given lands in the North of France at the beginning of the tenth century, the French King, Charles the Simple So, the Danes and the Normans who invaded in 1066 were actually our relatives and were related to the Brits - it really was a no more than family tiff - who was more powerful Edward the Confessor, King of England, dies childless in January 1066 • By the time the English King Edward died, there was no heirs with Edith. Lack of a clear heir led to a disputed succession process across Europe which resulted in several contenders, all related, laying claim to the English throne Edward the Confessor, King of England, dies childless in January 1066 • By the time the English King Edward died, there was no heirs with Edith. Lack of a clear heir led to a disputed succession process across Europe which resulted in several contenders, all related, laying claim to the English throne Edward the Confessor, King of England, dies childless in January 1066 • By the time the English King Edward died, there was no heirs with Edith. Lack of a clear heir led to a disputed succession process across Europe which resulted in several contenders, all related, laying claim to the English throne Edward the Confessor, King of England, dies childless in January 1066 • By the time the English King Edward died, there was no heirs with Edith. Lack of a clear heir led to a disputed succession process across Europe which resulted in several contenders, all related, laying claim to the English throne • The 3 main ones were: – Norway - Harald Hardrada Viking – Normandy - Duke William II Viking – England - Harald Godwinson Viking Edward the Confessor, King of England, dies childless in January 1066 • By the time the English King Edward died, there was no heirs with Edith. Lack of a clear heir led to a disputed succession process across Europe which resulted in several contenders, all related, laying claim to the English throne • The 3 main ones were: – Norway - Harald Hardrada Viking His claim to the throne was based on an agreement between his predecessor, Magnus the Good, and the earlier English king, Harthacnut, whereby if either died without heir, the other would inherit both England and Norway Edward the Confessor, King of England, dies childless in January 1066 • By the time the English King Edward died, there was no heirs with Edith. Lack of a clear heir led to a disputed succession process across Europe which resulted in several contenders, all related, laying claim to the English throne • The 3 main ones were: – Norway - Harald Hardrada Viking – Normandy - Duke William II Norman He claimed that he had been promised the throne by King Edward and that Harold had sworn agreement to this Edward the Confessor, King of England, dies childless in January 1066 • By the time the English King Edward died, there was no heirs with Edith. Lack of a clear heir led to a disputed succession process across Europe which resulted in several contenders, all related, laying claim to the English throne • The 3 main ones were: – Norway - Harald Hardrada Viking – Normandy - Duke William II Norman – England - Harald Godwinson Angol-Saxon brother to Queen Edith the pure Edward the Confessor, King of England, died childless in January 1066 • Edward's most local successor was the Earl of Wessex, Harold Godwinson, the richest and most powerful of the English aristocrats – Harold was at the death bed of Edward and told the English Earls that Edward had promised him the throne – Harold was elected king by the Witenagemot of England and crowned by the Archbishop of York, Ealdred – Harold was immediately challenged by his two powerful neighbouring rulers • King Harald III of Norway, - Harald Hardrada, and • Duke William II of Normandy Edward the Confessor, King of England, died childless in January 1066 • William and Harald at once set about assembling troops and ships to invade England The Invaders DANES BATTLE AXE; BOW; SPEAR; LANCE SHIELD; SWORD; Edward the Confessor, King of England, died childless in January 1066 • William and Harald at once set about assembling troops and ships to invade England The Invaders NORMANS BATTLE AXE; BOW; SPEAR; LANCE SHIELD; SWORD; Edward the Confessor, King of England, died childless in January