Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2014 A Standardized Ultrasonography Classification for Channel Catfish Ovarian Development Noel D. Novelo Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Novelo, Noel D., "A Standardized Ultrasonography Classification for Channel Catfish Ovarian Development" (2014). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1226. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1226 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. A STANDARDIZED ULTRASONOGRAPHY CLASSIFICATION FOR CHANNEL CATFISH OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The School of Renewable Natural Resources by Noel Novelo B.A., University of Belize, 1999 M.P.A., Kentucky State University, 2001 M.S., Kentucky State University, 2008 August 2014 edication To my grandparents and great grandparents, but especially to my mother, Adela Leocadia Novelo and my father Rodolfo Estevan Novelo, who dedicated their life to teaching and enriched many lives with the wonders of hard work, knowledge and wisdom. To my nieces and nephews, that they may persevere to overcome obstacles, enjoy life, and achieve their dreams. And to my friends in Kentucky and in Louisiana, to my extended family and Belizean community…that we may all be of service to the betterment of humanity and endeavor to protect the natural resources and beauty of the world. ii Acknowledgements I am grateful to the many people who helped me along this path of professional and personal development. This Ph.D. required great effort and presented many challenges, and it took me 7 years to finish. This was possible through the persistent patience and wisdom of my major professor, Dr. Terrence Tiersch, and the hard work of Research Associate Amy Guitreau, who with Dr. Bruce Eilts, pioneered the use of ultrasound imaging for channel catfish reproduction. I thank them for the inspiration I received, especially Dr. Tiersch for his guidance, mentorship, and support throughout. I thank Dr. Eilts for his reviews, support, and participation in my program of studies. I thank Dr. Robert Romaire, Dr. Christopher Green, and Dr. William Stickle for critical reviews and invaluable contributions as members of my Graduate Advisory Committee. I thank Dr. Dale Pacamonti for accepting to be a member of the Advisory Committee towards the end of my program, and for his suggestions and review. I thank Dr. Michael Kaller for his assistance with statistics. This work was possible because of the collective contribution of the members of the Aquatic Germplasm and Genetics Resource Laboratory, and the staff at the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center - Aquaculture Research Station. I thank Mike Christensen, Doug Kuenz, Dr. E Hu, and Dr. Rafael Cuevas-Uribe for their active participation and support in this project. I thank Yue Liu for his inspiring enthusiasm. I thank the team of student workers for their hard work, including Mike Dusch, Courtney Staudermann, and Jennifer Pizzitola. I thank Marla Jones, Jay Standers, Juan Quesada, and Cenelia Cuartas for their support and encouragement. iii I am in debt for the kindness, faith and encouragement of my previous mentors and professors. I thank Gay Wilentz for introducing the world and its endless possibilities, its literature and culture, and the enduring strength of women while I was still in Belize. I thank Dr. Don Anthony Woods for the opportunity to study public administration, for kindness, and for engendering sentiments of service and changing people‘s lives for the better. I thank Dr. Boris Gomelsky for encouragement, patience, guidance, and belief in my ability to achieve my academic dreams. Thanks to my family for the sacrifices they made to assist me in my academic endeavors, and for their unconditional love and support. Finally, I thank my brothers Rodolfo Amir Novelo and Aldo Abel Novelo, and my sister Adel Maria Novelo for care, encouragement, and solidarity. iv Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ iii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vii List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. xiii Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... xxiii Chapter 1. Dissertation Overview ....................................................................................................1 References ............................................................................................................................6 Chapter 2. Introduction ....................................................................................................................8 References ..........................................................................................................................16 Chapter 3. A Review of the Use of Ultrasonography in Fish Reproduction .................................19 Methods..............................................................................................................................24 Results ................................................................................................................................25 Discussion ..........................................................................................................................43 References ..........................................................................................................................50 Chapter 4. Development of a Standardized and Systematic Approach to Interpretation of Ovarian Ultrasound Images Captured During Monitoring of Hormone-Induced Spawning of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus .........................................................................................56 Methods..............................................................................................................................59 Results ................................................................................................................................69 Discussion ..........................................................................................................................88 Summary and Conclusions ................................................................................................93 References ..........................................................................................................................94 Chapter 5. Development, Use, and Evaluation of a Preliminary Ultrasound Imaging Assessment Index for Channel Catfish Ovarian Development .....................................................97 Methods .............................................................................................................................99 Results .............................................................................................................................108 Discussion .......................................................................................................................129 Summary and Conclusions ..............................................................................................135 References ........................................................................................................................137 v Chapter 6. An Ultrasound Imaging Reference Guide for Channel Catfish Ovarian Development ....................................................................................................................140 Methods ...........................................................................................................................142 Results .............................................................................................................................146 Discussion .......................................................................................................................155 Summary and Conclusions ..............................................................................................157 References ........................................................................................................................158 Chapter 7. Ultrasound Imaging Reproductive Assessment of Channel Catfish Ovaries in Commercial-Scale Hormone-Induced Spawning ...................................................................160 Methods ...........................................................................................................................163 Results .............................................................................................................................172 Discussion .......................................................................................................................180