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C> V -5^.%^ .^^ "^Z". ^^^ .^ ..-. v^^- ' ..^ '^ „R ':> .<^' -^,. v-^^ 00 i^ \- \^'^ Newark is the capital of Essex County, the chief city in the State of New Jersey, the fourteenth city of the Union in point of population, the third manufac- turing city in the United States, in the aggregate im- portance of Its manufactures and one of the leading cities of the country in the extent and variety of its manufactured jjroducts. There are over 2,400 firms engaged in manufactures in this city, and over twelve hundred distinct branches of manufacture carried on within its limits. The history of Newark dates back about 225 years, when the place was first settled by a colony of sturdy New Englanders. Nearly or quite forty years after the landing of the Pilgrims on the rock- bound shores of New England, the religious differences of opinion among colonists of the Plymouth and adjacent settlements, had increased to such an ex- tent, that it was thought best by some of the leading spirits of two of the towns of the colonies, that new fields should be occupied, and fuller opportunities given for the cultiva- tion of religious thought and action. The New Netherlands, now known as New York, that had been discovered and occupied by the Dutch in the early part of the centur,-, appeared in the judgment of the Puritans of New England, who were seeking for fresh fields and pasture new, to be best adapted for the planting and culture of that form of ecclesiastical polity known as the Congregational form of Church •Government. The fame of the goodly land of the ".A.chter Kull," as the country that lay beyond the ^'Noordt River," as the river was styled, Hudson then had reached New England, and the settlers at Branford and Milford in Connecticut, appointed a committee to investigate the possibilities of founding a colony in this region of the "Achter Kull," beyond "Noordt River." A correspondence was opened between this committee and Petrus Stuyvesant, the then Governor General of the New Netherlands ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. 4 NEWARK AND committee made the of "Our Towne on the Passayak." The which finally resulted in the settlement the New Netherlands: following proposition to the Cxovernor-General of propounded they may be English shall be planted in the place That if a church or churches of the States-General ot"^ the Umted Prvmces m by the Authoritie of the high and mighty Lords & allowed Compame o of the Bewindhebbers of the West India Netherlands, in Europe and whh the approbation have enjoyed them m liberties in the Congregation allway as they enjoy all such powers, priviledges and disturbance Impedin't or Impositions of any other New England, above twentie yeares paste without any forms, orders or customs to be observed by them: to consoci- planted under the Dutch Government, shall consent 2nd That if the English Churches aforesaid soe allowed by the Authorety & with the approbation ate for mutuall helpfullnes : They may be to scriptue as establish by comon concent such orders according to doe and to call a synod and then to t of and false worships, and for the establshm xnay be requisite for the suppressing of haeresies, schismes The Centre Market Entrance. that the Governor .& Courts at New-Amsterdam shall Truth wth peace in those English Churches. And from any that oppose them or be Injurious to them. protect the said English Churches and Synods Libertie and power by ye Authority & with ^d—The English planters doe desire that they may have affaires within them- of all Judicatore and of all their civell ve approbation afoesaid to have the ordering other officers and constitute and keep Courts and make selves to chuse their owne magestrates and all that place And shall f^nd most suitable to their condition and welfare m all such lawes and orders as they prcmcts, shall.be for the time they are amongst them wthin their that all persons planters and others, sentences and appointmts of any of their owne Court or bound to acquiesce in all their laws, orders, such orders and lawss as are or shall be from time to time Courts and officers determindtely according to sentencess made & verdicts declared without appeales to agreed uoon & ennacted by them and unto their English in America withm New England have had Any Other Vuthoritv or jurisdiction. This power the NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. 5 and exercised in all cauces by the graunt of the late King of England, Charles the First, as is to be seen in his majestie's letters pattent about twentie years to-gether. And it is much more necessary that they have it under the Dutch (whose lawes they know not nor understand their language, and the way and manner of their exercising this their sole power.) We purpose according to the fundamentalis received in New Haven Collonie wch are in print to be seen (or the most of them) so far as we shall find it will alike suite Christs' ends and oru conditions there. 4—That all the lands agreed for be clearly and undeniably purchassed of the Indians by an Athentik Instrum't or Instrum'ts, and that wee may have one of them in our custody, and that the hands Northwest Corner Broad and Market Street. of those Indians that have ye natural! and civill sight be subscribed and soe owned by them in the pres- ence of English, Dutch and Indians, as lawfully bought and sould, and that then these lands shall be made ye prpr Inheritance of the English Planters, and their posteritie for ever by the Authoritie and pow'r with the approbation afoesaid according to all prsent and future orders, graunts and agreem'ts or devisions of all soch lands so bought as shall be made by the English alone amongst them themselves by pr'sons Intrusted and empowerd by them for such affaires. 9 5—That noe Inhabitants be put upon by the Dutch, but that we have the sole power of disposeing 6 NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. our lands and entertaineing or rejecting all Inhabitants according to agreemts that shall from time to time amongst ourselves. 6 —That the English Planters in the aforesaid places by Authoritie, and with approbation afore- said, may have equal liberties of tradeing with the Duch in all respects, they paying all lawfull dues and customs as the Duch do, or wth any other whomsoever. 7 —Our humble desire is the pr'niies being granted by those in Holland or to whom the Pattent and power of such grants appertaineth may be declared and ratified by an Authenticall Instrum't signed and sealed by the Pattentees in Europe, if it remaines with them. And that a coppie of it so signed and Northeast Corner Broad and Market Street. sealed and Authentically Attested may be procured for the English Planted under the Duch, to be by them kept among their publique Records for ye benefit of Posteritie. The Director-General and Council of the New Netherlands, agreed to the first two propositions and also to the third, with certain modifications. The fourth and si.xth propositions were granted, and it was stated in regard to the fifth proposition, that none of the towns in the New Netherlands are "troubled with Inhabitance, the which doe not Lyke her or her Magistrates. The outcome of these negotiations was that in the Spring of i666, two diminutive vessels after care- fully passing from the harbor of New York, through the Kill von Cull, and into Newark bay, ascended the Pasaic river and landed their passengers on the shore of that river, where the city of Newark now stands. On the 23d and 24th of June, 1664, the Duke of York had transferred what now constitutes New NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. 7 Jersey to Lords Berkley and Carteret. Philip Carteret, a nephew of Lord Carteret, was appointed Gover- nor, and on arriving in New Jersey, took up his residence in Elizabeth. The Governor dispatched messengers to New England, who made known to the colonists there the fact that they would be wel- come to New Jersey, and would receive civil and religious privileges no where excelled. Tradition has it that the colony which came from Milford numbered about thirty persons, male and female. A treaty was made on the 21st of May 1666 with the Indians by which the land on which Newark stands was purchased. The Indian bill of sale sets forth that Wapamuck and Wanvesene, Peter Captamni, Wecaprokikan, Napsann, Pesawae, Lessom, Mamustome, Cacanakque and Harish, Indians belonging now to Hakinsae the proprietors of a certain tract of land lying on the west of Pesayak river, sell to Obadiah Buen, Samuel Ketchell, Michael Tompkins, John Browne and Robert Denison, "a certain tract of Land, Upland and Meadows of all sorts, Wether Swamps, Rivers, Brooks, Springs, Fishings, Trees of all sorts Quaries and Mines, or meatals of what sort soever. With full liberty of hunting and fishing upon the same, excepting Liberty of hunting for the above said proprietors that were upon the upper common, and of fishing in the above said Pesayak River, which said tract of Land is bounded and Limited with