HS2118/2618 Academic session 2003-04 SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES Imperialism 1 - The Rise of Imperialism Module Outline In this lecture/tutorial course, students will be introduced to the historical processes through which British colonial influence spread across the globe. The course concentrates on three main regions: Africa south of the Sahara, Australasia and South Asia. Consideration is also given to the Caribbean and Indian Ocean islands. The socio-economic impact of colonial expansion will be considered in some depth together with early contestations of imperialism. Short Reading List Given its scope, there is no single text book for this course. The books listed here are all recommended and are available in the University Library and/or from the University Bookshop. C.A. Bayly, Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire S. Bose & A. Jalal, Modern South Asia Judith Brown, Modern India: the origins of an Asian democracy P.J. Cain & A.G. Hopkins, British Imperialism, volume I. A. Hopkins, An Economic History of West Africa Stephen Howe, Empire Robert Hughes, The Fatal Shore J. Iliffe, Africans; the history of a continent F.W. Knight (ed.), General History of the Caribbean: vol. 3, the slave societies of the Caribbean P. Robinson & J. Gallagher, Africa and the Victorians E. Said, Orientalism Important works of reference P. J. Marshall (ed.), The Oxford History of the British Empire, Vol.II P. J. Marshall (ed.), The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire A. Porter (ed.), The Oxford History of the British Empire, Vol.III A. N. Porter (ed.), Atlas of British Overseas Expansion Lecture List 1. Introduction: origins and growth of modern empires C.A. Bayly, Imperial Meridian, chs 1 & 2. F. Braudel, Civilization & Capitalism, vol. 3, ch. 1. P.J. Cain & A.G. Hopkins, British Imperialism Stephen Howe, Empire 2. Explaining Colonial Expansion: theories of imperialism A. Brewer, Marxist Theories of Imperialism, chs 1, 2 & 6. N. Etherington, Theories of Imperialism D.K. Fieldhouse, Economics & Empire R. Owen & B. Sutcliffe, Studies in the Theory of Imperialism, esp. section on Gallagher & Robinson. Immanuel Wallerstein, The Capitalist World Economy, ch. 1. 3. Orientalism Philip Curtin, The Image of Africa; British Ideas and Action 1780-1850 S. Gould, The Mismeasure of Man 1 HS2118/2618 Academic session 2003-04 Ronald Inden, Imagining India E.W. Said, Orientalism, intro. 4. The Atlantic slave trade A. Hopkins, An Economic History of West Africa P. Lovejoy, Transformations in Slavery P. Lovejoy, ‘The Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa: a review article’, JAH, 30 (1989) X19076 5. Mfecane: imperialist myth? J. Cobbing, ‘The Mfecane as Alibi’, JAH, 29 (1988). J. Omer-Cooper, ‘Has the Mfecane a Future?’, JSAS, 19, 2 (1993). J.B. Peires, ‘Paradigm Depleted: the materialist explanation of the Mfecane’, JSAS, 19, 2 (1993). 6. Slave societies in the West Indies and Indian Ocean Anthony J. Barker, Slavery and Antislavery in Mauritius, 1810-1833 F.W. Knight, General History of the Caribbean: vol. 3, the slave societies of the Caribbean Deryck Scarr, Slaving and Slavery in the Indian Ocean 7. Sugar and the World Economy B. Albert & A. Graves, Crisis and Change in the International Sugar Economy, intro. & ch. 19. X19210. Richard B. Sheridan, Sugar and Slavery, 1623-1775 8. Global Perspectives on Indentured Labour M. Carter, Servants, Sirdars and Settlers. P.C. Emmer (ed.), Colonialism and Migration: indentured labour before and after slavery A. Graves, ‘Truck and Gifts; Melanesian immigrants and the trade box system in colonial Queensland, P&P, 101 (1983) Robert Miles, Capitalism and Unfree Labour: anomaly or necessity? Kay Saunders (ed.), Indentured Labour in the British Empire, 1834-1920, chs 7 & 8. 9. The Founding of Botany Bay A. Atkinson, The Europeans in Australia, vol. 1, chs 1-3. Manning Clark, A History of Australia, (Pimlico ed.), pp. 1-148. Robert Hughes, The Fatal Shore 10. Australia’s Penal Colonies: convict men and women Ian Duffield & James Bradley, Representing Convicts Manning Clark, History of Australia (Pimlico ed.), chs 3 & 4. S. Nicholas (ed.), Convict Workers: reinterpretting Australia’s past D. Oxley, Convict Maids. A.G.L. Shaw, Convicts and the Colonies, chs 12-15. 11. The impact of European settlers on the Aborigines (video) 2 HS2118/2618 Academic session 2003-04 A. Atkinson, The Europeans in Australia, vol. 1. Manning Clark, A History of Australia, (Pimlico ed.). Special edition of JAusS (1992): Power, Knowledge & Aborigines Robert Hughes, The Fatal Shore H. Reynolds, The Other Side of the Frontier, chs 1, 2 & 5. 12. ‘Social’ banditry in Australia Paula J. Byrne, Criminal Law and Colonial Subject, ch. 5. P. O’Malley, ‘Class Conflict, Land and Social Banditry: Bushranging in Nineteenth-Century Australia’, SP, 26, 3 (1979). H. Maxwell-Stewart, ‘“I could not blame the rangers”; Tasmanian Bushranging, Convicts and Convict Management’, THRA, 42, 3 (Sept. 1995). E. Hobsbawm, Bandits 13. Decline of the Mughal Empire in 18th-century India C.A. Bayly, Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire, chs 1 & 2. C.A. Bayly, Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars, intro & ch. 1. S. Bose & A. Jalal, Modern South Asia, ch.8 K. Leonard, ‘The Great Firm Theory of Mughal Decline’, CSSH, 21 (1979). X19091 B. D. Metcalf & T. R. Metcalf, A Concise History of India, ch.3 Burton Stein, A History of India, chs 4 & 5. S. Wolpert, A New History of India, chs 11-13. 14. The 1857 ‘Mutiny’ C. Bayly, Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire, ch. 6. S. Bose & A. Jalal, Modern South Asia, ch.9 Dennis Judd, Empire, ch. 7. B. D. Metcalf & T. R. Metcalf, A Concise History of India, ch.4 R. Mukherjee, ‘“Satan Let Loose upon Earth”: the Kanpur Massacres in the revolt of 1857’, P&P, 128 (1990). E. Stokes, The Peasant and the Raj. S. Wolpert, A New History of India, ch. 15. 15. ‘The Cawnpur Massacre’ (video) 16. The Indian Economy: 1857 to World War I: reindustrialisation? S. Bose & A. Jalal, Modern South Asia, ch.10 N. Charlesworth, British Rule and the Indian Economy, 1800-1914 W.J. Macpherson, ‘Economic Development in India under the British Crown’, in A.J. Youngson (ed.), Economic Development in the Long Run M.D. Morris (ed.), Indian Economy in the Nineteenth Century; a symposium Dietmar Rothermund, An Economic History of India, chs 4-5. B.R. Tomlinson, New Cambridge History of India: The Economy of Modern India 3 HS2118/2618 Academic session 2003-04 Tutorials Students should sign up for one tutorial group, which will meet four times during the semester. Topics to be covered by each group will be posted on the tutorial lists. Minor Assignment With reference to relevant secondary literature, critically analyse ONE of the following sources (1,000-1,500 words): 1 Everywhere the issue of quantitative versus qualitative growth comes up. This is the entire issue of empire. A people limited in number and energy and in the land they occupy have the choice of improving to the utmost the political and economic management of their own land, confining themselves to such accessions of territory as are justified by the most economical disposition of a growing population; or they may proceed, like the slovenly farmer, to spread their power and energy over the whole earth, tempted by the speculative value or the quick profits of some new market, or else by mere greed of territorial acquisition, and ignoring the political and economic wastes and risks involved by this imperial career. It must be clearly understood that this is essentially a choice of alternatives; a full simultaneous application of intensive and extensive cultivation is impossible. A nation may either, following the example of Denmark or Switzerland, put brains into agriculture, develop a finely varied system of public education, general and technical, apply the ripest science to its special manufacturing industries, and so support in progressive comfort and character a considerable population upon a strictly limited area; or it may, like Great Britain, neglect its agriculture, allowing its lands to go out of cultivation and its population to grow up in towns, fall behind other nations in its methods of education and in the capacity of adapting to its uses the latest scientific knowledge, in order that it may squander its pecuniary and military resources in forcing bad markets and finding speculative fields of investment in distant corners of the earth, adding millions of square miles and of unassimilable population to the area of the Empire. The driving forces of class interest which stimulate and support this false economy we have explained. No remedy will serve which permits the future operation of these forces. It is idle to attack Imperialism or Militarism as political expedients or policies unless the axe is laid at the economic root of the tree, and the classes for whose interest Imperialism works are shorn of the surplus revenues which seek this outlet. John A. Hobson, Imperialism A Study (1902). 2 Unlike the Americans, the French and British--less so the Germans, Russians, Spanish, Portuguese, Italians, and Swiss--have had a long tradition of what I shall be calling Orientalism, a way of coming to terms with the Orient that is based on the Orient's special place in European Western Experience. The Orient is not only adjacent to Europe; it is also the place of Europe's greatest and richest and oldest colonies, the source of its civilizations and languages, its cultural contestant, and one of its deepest and most recurring images of the Other. In addition, the Orient has helped to define Europe (or the West) as its contrasting image, idea, personality, experience. Edward Said, Orientalism, New York: Vintage, 1979, pp.