Spring 2020 • Vol. 17, No. 1 The Baptist Center for Theology and Ministry New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary NOBTS President 2020 EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD James K. Dew, PhD Bart Barber, PhD NOBTS Provost First Baptist Church of Farmersville, Texas Norris Grubbs, PhD Rex Butler, PhD Editor & BCTM Director New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary Adam Harwood, PhD Nathan Finn, PhD Typesetting North Greenville University Hampton Keathley Eric Hankins, PhD Book Review Editors First Baptist Fairhope, Fairhope, Alabama Archie England, PhD Dennis Phelps, PhD Malcolm Yarnell, DPhil Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary The Baptist Center for Theology and Ministry is a research institute of New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary. The seminary is located at 3939 Gentilly Blvd., New Orle- ans, LA 70126. BCTM exists to provide theological and ministerial resources to enrich and energize minis- try in Baptist churches. Our goal is to bring together professor and practitioner to produce and apply these resources to Baptist life, polity, and ministry. The mission of the BCTM is to develop, preserve, and communicate the distinctive theological identity of Baptists. The Journal for Baptist Theology and Ministry is published semiannually by the Bap- tist Center for Theology and Ministry. Copyright ©2020 The Baptist Center for Theology and Ministry, New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary. All Rights Reserved. This pe- ridiocal is indexed in the ATLA Religion Database® (ATLA RDB®), http://www.atla.com. CONTACT BCTM [email protected] www.baptistcenter.net SUBMISSIONS Visit the Baptist Center website for submission guidelines. Table of Contents Southern Baptist Complementarianism: Perspectives and Prospects ......... 1 Nathan A. Finn, PhD & Amy C. Whitfield, MA Women and Ministry in the Southern Baptist Convention: A Brief Historical Overview ............................................................................................. 5 Lloyd A. Harsch, PhD Broad Complementarianism in the Southern Baptist Convention ........... 21 Denny Burk, PhD On the Universal and Particular Offices of Proclamation in relation to Women as Teachers in Church and Seminary.............................................. 41 Malcolm B. Yarnell III, DPhil & Karen Yarnell, MDiv The Strategic Importance of Ministry to Women Programs in Theological Education ..................................................................................... 75 Emily Dean, PhD & Tara Dew, EdD A Discussion on Women in Ministry in the Southern Baptist Convention ........................................................................................................ 87 Book Reviews .................................................................................................... 93 JBTM 17.1 (Spring 2020): 1–4 Southern Baptist Complementarianism: Perspectives and Prospects Nathan A. Finn, PhD & Amy C. Whitfield, MA Nathan A. Finn is Provost and Dean of the University Faculty, and professor of Christian Studies and History at North Greenville Universi- ty in Tigerville, South Carolina. Amy C. Whitfield is Associate Vice President for Convention Commu- nications at the Executive Committee of the Southern Baptist Convention in Nashville, Tennessee. During the final two decades of the twentieth century, the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) became embroiled in a de- nominational controversy that left no part of Southern Baptist life untouched. It has been common for self-confessed conservatives to argue that the controversy represented a “Conservative Resur- gence” because the SBC shifted back to its theological roots in historic Baptist orthodoxy. Meanwhile, it has been common for so-called moderates to argue that what really happened was a “Fundamentalist Takeover” because the Convention’s right wing wrested control of the denomination by use of political processes. There is truth to both of these accounts. The Controversy was a theological renovation of Southern Baptist life that was enacted through political processes. Simply put, it was complicated.1 For conservatives, the theological flashpoint became biblical inerrancy. But it was never only about that doctrine. By the mid- 1980s, the closely related issues of women’s ordination and wom- en in pastoral ministry had become key points of division between 1 For a conservative account of the controversy, see Jerry Sutton, The Baptist Reformation: The Conservative Resurgence in the Southern Baptist Convention (Nashville, TN: B&H, 2000). For a moderate interpretation, see David T. Morgan, The New Crusades, the New Holy Land: Conflict in the Southern Baptist Convention, 1969–1991 (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1996). 2 JOURNAL FOR BAPTIST THEOLOGY AND MINISTRY Southern Baptist conservatives and moderates.2 The historic SBC consensus had been what came to be called complementarianism dur- ing this same period. Complementarians believe Scripture teaches that husbands are to lead their wives and the pastoral office is re- served for men. Southern Baptists clarified their complementarian conviction with a resolution opposing women’s ordination in 1984, an amendment to the Baptist Faith and Message on familial roles in 1998, and a revision to that same confession in 2000 that affirmed a male-only pastorate. Remaining moderates disengaged from Southern Baptist life, so the case seemed settled. Simply put, it is still complicated. Today, the Southern Baptist Convention is a thoroughly com- plementarian denomination. Yet, in recent years it has become increasingly clear that while complementarians agree on the basic biblical principles summarized in the current Baptist Faith and Mes- sage and expanded upon in the Danvers Statement, there remains plenty of areas of disagreement.3 What formal ministry vocations in a local church are open to both men and women? Can a woman preach to a congregation if she does not serve in the office of pas- tor? What about teaching gender-mixed audiences in a Sunday School class or small group? Can women serve as seminary pro- fessors, and if so, are there any limitations to the courses which a female professor can teach? What about deaconesses? Is there a relationship between complementarianism and sexual abuse? Our Southern Baptist debates over these questions are part of a larger intra-complementarian conversation within evangelicalism. In the same week we wrapped up our edits and wrote this brief essay, a well-known conservative female Bible teacher has published a book questioning some widely accepted elements of complemen- tarianism, which has already resulted in a substantive response 2 See Barry Hankins, Uneasy in Babylon: Southern Baptist Conservatives and Amer- ican Culture (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2003), 200–39, and Elizabeth H. Flowers, Into the Pulpit: Southern Baptist Women and Power since World War II (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2014), 102–76. 3 The Danvers Statement was drafted as a formal summary of complemen- tarian principles in 1987 and published by the Council of Biblical Manhood and Womanhood in 1988. At least four of the six Southern Baptist seminaries have formally adopted the Danvers Statement as a secondary confessional document to clarify their complementarian convictions. The Danvers Statement is availa- ble at https://cbmw.org/about/danvers-statement. SOUTHERN BAPTIST COMPLEMENTARIANISM 3 from a well-known complementarian scholar at the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood website.4 This is a topic about which we care deeply. We have both worked at multiple Baptist institutions that are committed confes- sionally to complementarianism. Over the years, the two of us and our spouses have had numerous conversations about this topic over meals, in the faculty lounge, and in the hallways of denomi- national meetings. We have invested personally in women who are convictional complementarians and are wrestling through how to use their gifts to advance the kingdom. We have been concerned about and sometimes even embarrassed by what we consider to be inappropriate applications of complementarianism. We have also disagreed with and been frustrated by folks who seem embar- rassed to be complementarians. As denominational servants who are also scholars of Baptist history and identity, we think this is an important family discussion for Southern Baptists to have, but the way we have the discussion matters just as much as the outcome. We must find a way to balance personal conviction with charity toward others who see some things differently. We must also re- main a tradition that champions the supreme authority of Scrip- ture, the priesthood of all believers, and local church autonomy. We hope that the perspectives here can demonstrate a spirit of collegiality among people who cooperate for a shared mission and unite around a common statement of faith. We are grateful to our friend Adam Harwood for his gracious invitation to serve as guest editors of this issue of the Journal for Baptist Theology and Ministry. We also want to thank our contribu- tors for their willingness to participate in this conversation. Church historian Lloyd Harsch opens with a historical overview of how Baptists have thought about the question of women in ministry. His work is primarily descriptive, setting the stage for the prescriptive essays that follow. New Testament scholar Denny Burk, who also serves as president of the Council on Biblical 4 See Aimee Byrd, Recovering from Biblical Manhood and Womanhood: How the Church Needs to Rediscover