Index Abbott v Overstrand Municipality and 3 Boadu, D. 88 Others 6 Brazil 5, 25 acid by-products 154, 162–7 Brewer, W. 57 acidification 34, 49 Brisbane Voluntary Home Purchase administrative enforcement 88, 98 Scheme 122–3 afforestations 60, 64, 65 Bush, G.H.W. 20 Agreement on the Conservation of by-laws 88 African-Eurasian Migratory Byron Shire, Australia 123 Waterbirds (AEWA) 75–6, 82, 91–2, 98 California 52–3 Agreement on the Conservation of Canada 92, 94–7, 98 Cretaceans of the Black Sea, Carpenter, D.A. 64–5 Mediterranean Sea and contiguous catalytic converters 16, 28 Atlantic Area 48–9 catchment management regimes 124–5 air quality 148–9 cats 142 airborne lead 13–15, 16–17, 19 Central Provident Fund (CPF) 132, 138 Alm, A. 23 Housing Grants 139 Anthropocene 71–4 Chagos Marine Protected Area areas beyond national jurisdiction 41, Arbitration 44 44–5 changes in ecological character 80 Asselman, N.E.M. 113 options available under international Aub, J.C. 9 conventions 89–92, 98 Australia 2, 6 Charter of the Forest 3–4, 54–74 ecosystem-based approaches to CPR theory 57, 60–2, 69, 70–1 flood risk management 5, evolved norms 57–9, 68–9 116–27 first environmental statute 63–5 flood risk 100–1 for the Anthropocene 71–4 MPAs 52–3 as a human rights statute 57, 62–9 Auyuittuq National Park 94–7 children, lead poisoning in 13, 19, 21–2, 23, 24 Bangladesh 4 China 6, 26, 154–73 beach management units (BMUs) 92–4 Civil Procedure Law 160–1, 164, Bicchieri, G. (Gualo) 64 166, 168–9 bicycles 152 courts 156, 157, 159, 170–1 biodiversity 3 new role 168–9 CBD see Conservation on special environmental courts Biological Diversity (CBD) 159, 170 international marine law 41–53 damages 156, 159, 164, 165–6, oceans governance and 3, 30–53 169–70 Blackstone, W. 55 environmental enforcement after blood lead levels 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28 Taizhou 168–70 174 Rose-Liza Eisma-Osorio, Elizabeth A. Kirk and Jessica Steinberg Albin - 9781839106934 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 10/02/2021 03:35:40AM via free access Index 175 environmental enforcement before Convention on the Protection of the the Taizhou case 156–9 Marine Environment of the environmental governance 156, North-East Atlantic (OSPAR) 157–9, 161 42–3 Environmental Protection Law 161, Convention for the Safeguarding of the 164–5, 166, 168–9 Intangible Cultural Heritage 3 future of public interest litigation Convention on Wetlands of International 170–2 Importance Especially as NGOs 161, 162, 163, 164–5, 166, Waterfowl Habitat see Ramsar 168–9, 171, 172 Convention SPC guidance on the application of Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) 46–7 EPIL 168–9 core areas 86 Taizhou case see Taizhou case court costs 171–2 Tort Liability Act 164, 165, 167 courts 6 transition to new model of administrative 66 environmental enforcement China 156, 157, 159, 170–1 159–61 new role 168–9 Chisholm, J. 13 special environmental courts Churchill, R.R. 45–6, 47 159, 170 Cities Biodiversity Index 148 Taizhou case see Taizhou case civil enforcement 87–8, 98 Craig, R.K. 36, 42, 52 Clemens, S. (Mark Twain) 58 criminal enforcement 87–8, 98 climate change adaptation (CCA) 5, cultural heritage, intangible 3–4 100–27 Cumming, H. (Surgeon General) 10, 11, co-management 92–8 12 Canada 92, 94–7, 98 customary rights 61, 66, 67–8 Kenya 92–4, 98 cycling 152 Commission on Sustainable Development 25 damages 156, 159, 169–70 Commissioners of Woods and Forests 67 Taizhou case 164, 165–6 common pool resources (CPRs) 57, De Vries, J. 112 60–2, 69, 70–1 deforestation 5 community gardening 152–3 Design, Build and Sell Scheme (DBSS) Community Joint Inuit/Government 140 Park Planning and Management development, inappropriate see Committees (CJPMCs) 96 inappropriate development compensation 125–6, disafforestations 60–1, 68 land acquisition in Singapore 134, disaster risk reduction (DRR) 5, 100–27 153 Druel, E. 51 conferences 11–12 Du Pont 9–10 Convention on Biological Diversity due process of law 73, 74 (CBD) 36 MPAs 42, 43–4, 49, 52 ecological character 80 wetlands 79, 82–3, 98 changes in 80, 89–92, 98 Convention for the Conservation ecological civilization 155 of Antarctic Marine Living economic development 155 Resources (CCAMLR) 45, 48 eco-precinct 146, 149 Convention on the Conservation of ecosystem-based approaches 5, 100–27 Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) 75, 79, 81–2, 98 Rose-Liza Eisma-Osorio, Elizabeth A. Kirk and Jessica Steinberg Albin - 9781839106934 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 10/02/2021 03:35:40AM via free access 176 The impact of environmental law flood risk management in Australia Environmental Public Interest Litigation 5, 116–27 Support Fund 172 avoiding further inappropriate environmental rights 62–9, 74 development 116, 120–1 environmental restoration 169–70 identifying areas required 116, environmental watering 125–6 117–20 Epping Forest 68 shifting inappropriate Essex 68 development and land Ethnic Integration Policy (EIP) 141 uses 116, 121–4, 127 Ethyl Corporation 9–10, 25 supporting restoration of Ethyl Corporation v EPA 18–20 ecosystem services 116, European Economic Community 24 124–6 European Union (EU) 6, 25, 103 nature of 104–7 Directives and royal forests 71 the Netherlands 103, 108–13, 123, ecosystem approaches 112–13 126, 127 exclusive economic zones (EEZs) US 2, 103, 108, 113–16, 123, 126, marine protected areas within 41, 127 42–4 ecosystem services in wetlands 77 New Zealand 33, 34, 35, 37–9 Ecuador 4 executive condos 140 Edward I 65 exhaust emissions 15–16 elderly people 138–9 eligibility criteria 136–7 FerroLite partition wall system 149 emergency funds 90 Fiancé/Fiancée Scheme 136 encroachment 87 fines 87 energy conservation 151 fisheries enforcement Kenya 92–4, 98 environmental enforcement in China New Zealand 34, 40–1 6, 154–73 the Philippines 3, 6 Ghana and Sakuma Lagoon 87–8, Sakumo Lagoon 78 98–9 flood defence infrastructure 101–2 environmental courts 159, 170 flood easements 125–6 Environmental Defence Society (EDS) flood risk management 5, 100–27 32 Australia 5, 116–27 environmental governance 156, 157–9, flood risk mapping 117–19 161 forest boundaries 65 environmental human rights 65–9 forest law 59, 60–1 environmental impact assessments 5–6 forests see Charter of the Forest environmental management system Forever Sabah 2 (EMS) 147–53 France-Hudson, B. 40–1 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) France–Italy–Monaco MPA 44–5 15 Fresh Start Housing Grant 139–40 limits on the use of gasoline lead Friends of Nature 172 additives 16–22 Friends of Ramsar Sites (FORS) 78, 87, phase-out of gasoline lead additives 89 23–4 environmental protection bureaus (EPBs) gasoline lead additives see lead in 157–8 gasoline environmental public interest litigation General Motors (GM) 9–10 (EPIL) 6, 154–6, 162–73 Ghana 4–5, 75–99 Rose-Liza Eisma-Osorio, Elizabeth A. Kirk and Jessica Steinberg Albin - 9781839106934 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 10/02/2021 03:35:40AM via free access Index 177 domestic legal framework 83–6 Implementer’s Guide to Phasing Out National Wetlands Strategy 83–5, 86 Lead in Gasoline 26 National Wetlands Trust Fund 84–5, inappropriate development 99 avoiding 116, 120–1 Wetland Management (Ramsar shifting 116, 121–4, 127 Sites) Regulations 85–6, 88 incentives 99 see also Sakuma Lagoon income ceiling 136–7 Gibson, L. 9 incremental adaptation 106 Gillespie, A. 35, 48, 49 India 4 Global Green Environment Network Indonesia 6 (GLOGEN) 78, 89 injunctive relief 169 global leaded gasoline phase-out 24–9 Innospec 27 Global Pact for the Environment 72–3 intangible cultural heritage 3–4 Goodwin, E. 50 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate government-organized NGOs Change (IPCC) 104, 106 (GONGOs) 163, 171 Intergovernmental Science-Policy Grant, R. 67–8 Platform on Biodiversity and grant funding for court costs 172 Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Grantham, Australia 122 report 1 green commuting 152 International Labour Organization 12 Green Homes Package 151 international marine law 41–53 green spaces 152–3 negotiations for a new agreement on greenhouse gas emissions 1, 155 MPAs 41, 49–51 Greenprint framework 149–50 International Maritime Organization Greenprint Fund 150 (IMO) 47 Gugaman River 154, 162–7 International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Hamilton, A. 10–12 Association (IPIECA) 27 hard engineering adaptation approaches International Union for the Conservation 105, 108 of Nature (IUCN) 2, 49, 72 Hatfield, T.H. 28 World Commission on Protected hazard studies 117–18 Areas 36 hazardous waste 154, 162–7 International Whaling Commission HDB flats 128, 130–2 (IWC) 48 eligibility criteria 136–7 Inuit Impact and Benefit Agreements ownership of 135–41 (IIBAs) 94–7 legal nature of ownership Inuit Knowledge Working Groups 141–3 (IKWGs) 96 sustainability 143–53 types of 136 Japan 25 Heng Swee Keat 138 John, King 58, 63–4 Henry II 65–6 Joint Inuit/Government Park Planning Henry III 58, 64, 65–6 and Management Committees Holt, J.C. 64 (JPMCs) 96 Home Improvement Programme 144 Jones, H.P. 107 housing 5, 128–53 human rights 57, 62–9, 73 Kayas 3–4 hydrochloric acid by-products 154, Kehoe, R. 13, 14, 15 162–7 Kenchington, R. 46–7 Rose-Liza Eisma-Osorio, Elizabeth A. Kirk and Jessica Steinberg Albin - 9781839106934 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 10/02/2021 03:35:40AM via free access 178 The impact of environmental law Kenya 3–4 regional initiatives 45–8 Fisheries (Beach Management within EEZs 41, 42–4 Units) Regulations 92–4, 98 marine reserves 31–2, 33 Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary 33, 37–41 Married Child Priority Scheme 137–8 Klijn, F.