Micro-tonality Course Code MSG 820 Spring 2013 Room 250 Friday 10:40-13:30 Onur Türkmen Room 325 [email protected] Phone: +90 312 290 23 10 http://turkmensmssfcourses.blogspot.com/ I. Week Introduction: A general overview Discussion Table: (Logarithmic) Ratio Distance Ratios on a Ratios Monochord between vibration frequencies Atonality, Tonality, Serialism, Just Spectral Intonation, Music Spectral Music Inductive Deductive Reading: Paul Griffiths, et al. "Microtone." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press.Web. 16 Jan. 2013. http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/18616 Attempts for Definition: . Incompatibility (between different systems) Systems of Just Intonation Lou Harrison Serenade http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyZ-W5XmEQc&list=PLJqwnth- Xlk9we9n-HsNaFPJK6KNn1kuQ&index=4 Systems of Temperament Mozart Sonata on a fortepiano by Robert Hill http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xeE4lrVj5Zs . Extension of Equal Temperament or Finer Divisions of an Octave Expansion Through Limit Systems http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rl5DGWn-utk Equal Divisions of an Octave http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wF50so3nWJk&list=PLJqwnth- Xlk9we9n-HsNaFPJK6KNn1kuQ Problems: . Practicality (Convention Appears as an Obstacle) . Harmony (Debates in Cognition) II. Week Readings: . "musical sound." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 15 Jan. 2013. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/399266/musical-sound . http://www.sim.spk-berlin.de/1_acoustical_rudiments_985.html . http://www.indiana.edu/~emusic/etext/acoustics/chapter1_shape.shtml . Borwick, John. "acoustics." The Oxford Companion to Music. Ed. Alison Latham. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/opr/t114/e53 . Charles Taylor and Murray Campbell. "Sound." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 22 Jan. 2013. http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/26289 . Baines, Anthony and John Borwick . "harmonic series." The Oxford Companion to Music. Ed. Alison Latham. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/opr/t114/e3137 . Suggested Book: Title: Fundamentals of musical acoustics Author: Benade, Arthur H. ISBN: 9780486264844 Publication Information: New York : Dover Publications, 1990. Physical Description: xii, 596 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. General Note: "Unabridged, extensively corrected republication of the edition originally published by Oxford University Press in 1976." Subject Term: Music -- Acoustics and physics. Call Number: ML3805 .B328 1990 Definitions in discussion: Vibrations Sound Wave Frequency/Pitch Amplitude Wave Shape Spectrum Complex Tone Periodicity Tone Noise Sinewaves Partials Difference between a harmonic and a partial Harmonic Tone Overtone Series Prime Numbers and mathematical sub-series – Series within a series – idea of fundamental(s) Notation of the Overtone Series . The Idea of Cent –Enharmonic determinations – microtonal determinations – See the Overtones_Kuehnl (pdf.) Duality of the Series – Overtonal and The Reciprocal Series III. Week Harmonic Ratios . Ratios between successive overtones . Octave Reduction Harmonic Ratios on a String – Experiments on Guitar, Piano or Other String Instruments Orders of Magnitude, Beating: http://www.sim.spk-berlin.de/1_acoustical_rudiments_985.html Duality of the Series – Overtonal and The Reciprocal/Undertonal Series Number 6 and the Idea of Closeness Discussions on Consonance and Dissonance Reading: Zarlino, the Senario, and Tonality Robert W. Wienpahl Journal of the American Musicological Society , Vol. 12, No. 1 (Spring, 1959), pp. 27-41 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the American Musicological Society Article DOI: 10.2307/829515 Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/829515 Experiments on Guitar and Piano IV. Week Arguments on Dual Theory: Reading: The Dual Theory in Harmony Herbert Westerby Proceedings of the Musical Association , 29th Sess., (1902 - 1903), pp. 21-72 Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of the Royal Musical Association Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/765324 What is Just Intonation? Reading: Mark Lindley. "Just intonation." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 18 Jan. 2013. http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/14564 Listening and Score Example: Le Monte Young: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CViBJCos42M&list=PLJqwnth-Xlk9we9n- HsNaFPJK6KNn1kuQ Ben Johnston: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLi1XVBpgQQ&list=PLJqwnth-Xlk9we9n- HsNaFPJK6KNn1kuQ Ben Johnston Score Example: Quintet for Groups see pdf. The Idea of a Harmonic Map Reading: Pages 1-78 Title: Harmonic experience : tonal harmony from its natural origins to its modern expressionAuthor: Mathieu, W. A. ISBN: 9780892815609 Publication Information: Rochester, Vt. : Inner Traditions International, c1997. Physical Description: xii, 563 p. : music ; 28 cm. Contents: Harmonic purity : feeling the numbers -- selective use of equal temperament -- functional commas of equal-tempered tonal harmony -- Harmonic practice, analysis, and review of the theory. Subject Term: Harmony. Electronic Access: Contributor biographical information http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0644/96040069-b.htmlPublisher description http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0644/96040069-d.htmlTable of contents only http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0644/96040069-t.html Call Number: MT50 .M48 1997 V. Week Limit Systems on the Harmonic Map . 3 Limit System . Major Scale in 3 Limit Just Intonation – Listening Example (Daha Dün Annemizin) . Listening Example Lou Harrison- Sonata in İshartum: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhdpsuXtewY&list=PLJqwnth-Xlk9we9n- HsNaFPJK6KNn1kuQ&index=24 See the score pdf. 5 Limit System Directions – Cousins – Spines on the Map Modes On the Map: From Bright to Dark – Lydian to Locrian Applications on the Guitar Remembering the Duality of the Harmonic Series – Overtonal and The Reciprocal Series Chromatic scale and its symmetry: ratios and the logarithmic symmetry – Different dimensions of distance The Extended 5 Limit System: See pages 122-123 (Harmonic Experience) Applications on the Guitar What is a comma? Definitions http://www.sim.spk-berlin.de/1_acoustical_rudiments_985.html . Pythagorean Comma . Syntonic Comma . Diesis Comma: Greater Diesis Lesser Diesis . Schizma Comma . Diaschizma Comma Placements on the Harmonic Map Extra Suggested Reading: Harmonic Experience The Functional Commas of Equal Tempered Tonal Harmony, Pages 246-342 Waldstein sonata and comma: http://bilkent.naxosmusiclibrary.com/catalogue/item.asp?cid=BIS-SACD-1573 VI. Week Tone Representation - Debates that Arouse from Different Cognitive Approaches Readings: Ideas for a Study "On the Imagination of Tone" Hugo Riemann Journal of Music Theory , Vol. 36, No. 1 (Spring, 1992), pp. 81-117 Published by: Duke University Press on behalf of the Yale University Department of Music Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/843911 Pages: 41-53 Title: Tonal pitch space Author: Lerdahl, Fred, 1943- ISBN: 9780195178296 Publication Information: New York : Oxford University Press, 2005 Physical Description: xvii, 411 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. Contents: Theoretical foundations -- Diatonic space -- Paths in pitch space -- Tonal tension and attraction -- Prolongational functions -- Chromatic tonal spaces -- Prolongations in chromatic spaces -- Atonal structures. Subject Term: Music theory. Tonality. Musical pitch. Musical analysis. Call Number: MT6.L36 T66 2005 An extra issue to discuss: http://books.google.com.tr/books/about/Casals_and_the_Art_of_Interpretation.html?id=IB72QjPfrnIC &redir_esc=y VII. Week Higher Limit Systems Readings: Harmonic Experience, The Seventh Partial and Beyond, pages 124-129 Changing the Metaphor: Ratio Models of Musical Pitch in the Work of Harry Partch, Ben Johnston, and James Tenney Bob Gilmore Perspectives of New Music , Vol. 33, No. 1/2 (Winter - Summer, 1995), pp. 458-503 Published by: Perspectives of New Music Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/833715 Extra Optional Reading: Pages 109 -157 Title: Genesis of a music; an account of a creative work, its roots and its fulfillments. Author: Partch, Harry, 1901- ISBN: 9780306715976 Edition: 2d ed., enl. Publication Information: [New York] : Da Capo Press, [c1974]. Physical Description: xxv, 517 p. illus. 26 cm. Subject Term: Vocal music -- History and criticism. Musical intervals and scales. Musical instruments. Musical temperament. Call Number: ML1400 .P3 1974 Listening Example Ben Johnston String Quartet 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOozBrB2XT0 Listening Example Ben Johnston String Quartet 4: http://vimeo.com/17298063 Listening Example Ben Johnston String Quartet 5: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sG4Z8yVEHZI James Tenney Critical Band: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEMCpUoQ_OQ Listening and Score Example: Ligeti Violin Concerto: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSykk-2O3p8&list=PLJqwnth-Xlk9we9n- HsNaFPJK6KNn1kuQ – See the Score pdf. Extra Video Examples on Harry Partch: Video I: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwqIAV98H2s&list=PLJqwnth-Xlk9we9n- HsNaFPJK6KNn1kuQ Video 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CfbcEa5sSIs&list=PLJqwnth-Xlk9we9n-HsNaFPJK6KNn1kuQ VIII. Week Temperament Systems Pythagorean Mean-tone Well-Tempered