1 Reading Guide Introduction Pharaonic Lives (most items are on map on page 10) Bodies of Water Major Regions Royal Cities Gulf of Suez Faiyum Oasis Akhetaten Sea The Levant Alexandria Nile River Libya Avaris Nile cataracts* Lower Egypt Giza Nile Delta Nubia Herakleopolis Magna Red Sea Palestine Hierakonpolis Punt Kerma *Cataracts shown as lines Sinai Memphis across Nile River Syria Sais Upper Egypt Tanis Thebes 2 Chapter 1 Pharaonic Kingship: Evolution & Ideology Myths Time Periods Significant Artifacts Predynastic Origins of Kingship: Naqada Naqada I The Narmer Palette Period Naqada II The Scorpion Macehead Writing History of Maqada III Pharaohs Old Kingdom Significant Buildings Ideology & Insignia of Middle Kingdom Kingship New Kingdom Tombs at Abydos King’s Divinity Mythology Royal Insignia Royal Names & Titles The Book of the Heavenly Atef Crown The Birth Name Cow Blue Crown (Khepresh) The Golden Horus Name The Contending of Horus Diadem (Seshed) The Horus Name & Seth Double Crown (Pa- The Nesu-Bity Name Death & Resurrection of Sekhemty) The Two Ladies Name Osiris Nemes Headdress Red Crown (Desheret) Hem Deities White Crown (Hedjet) Per-aa (The Great House) The Son of Re Horus Bull’s tail Isis Crook Osiris False beard Maat Flail Nut Rearing cobra (uraeus) Re Seth Vocabulary Divine Forces demi-god heka (divine magic) Good God (netjer netjer) hu (divine utterance) Great God (netjer aa) isfet (chaos) ka-spirit (divine energy) maat (divine order) Other Topics Ramesses II making sia (Divine knowledge) an offering to Ra Kings’ power Ownership of land 3 Chapter 2 The Story of the Two Lands Manetho’s Dynastic Foreign Incursions Additional Cities List Early Dynastic Period Invasions by Libyans Kadesh Pyramid Age – Old and Asians in 20th Moroë Kingdom Century BC Napata 1st Intermediate Period Hyksos conquests in Middle Kingdom 17th Century BC 2nd Intermediate Period Invasions of Sea People Peoples Deities New Kingdom’s Golden and Libyans in 1217 BC th Age – 18 Dynasty Nubian conquests led Hittites Amun Sun Kings – Amarna by Kashta and Piye in Hyksos Aten Period 8th Century BC Libyans Ramesside Period Assyrian conquest led Nubians rd 3 Intermediate Period Esarhaddon in 671 BC Sea Peoples Late Period Babylonian invasion led Demotic Chronicle by Nebuchadnezzar after 607 BC Vocabulary Persian conquest led by Consider contrasting Cambyses II in 525 BC God’s Wife of Amun images of kings in mastaba different eras. Macedonians and Greek conquest led by nomarch Consider different Alexander the Great in nome territory of Egypt in 332 BC satrap different eras. Walls of the Ruler Egyptian Kings Montuhotep II Most Significant Dynasties Nectanebo II Ahmose I Psmatik I 3rd & 4th Dynasties Ahmose II Psmatik III 18th, 19th, & 20th Dynasties Akhenaten Pepe II 21st, 22nd, & 25th Dynasties Amenemhat I Piye 26th Dynasty Amenhotep II Ptolemy I Ptolemaic Dynasty Amenhotep III Shoshenq Djoser Sneferu Hatshepsut Ramesses I Khafra Ramesses II Other Individuals Kamose Ramesses III Khufu Tanutamani Khababash (rebel) Menes (Legendary) Thutmose I Kashta (Nubian king) Menkaure Thutmose III Neferititi (queen) Merenptah Tutankhamun Nitiqret (princess) 4 Chapter 3 Becoming Pharaoh Birth of a Prince Other Topics Deities & Spirits Wet Nurses & Tutors Children of the Royal Ceremonial dress & Amun, Amun-Re Nursery grooming Bes Princely Life Circumcision Nekhbet Co-Regencies Royal insignia (also Wadjet Usurpation & refer to Chp, 2) Assassination Royal succession Ankh Royal Accession Royal tutors ka-spirit Coronation Ceremony The Teachings of Maat Royal Titulary Amenemhat for his Son Senwosret Individuals Vocabulary Amenhotep III child of the royal Hatshepsut nursery Khaemwaset (prince) didactic text Ramesses III Great Royal Wife Thutmose III Harem Sitre (wet nurse) Tutankhamun Scarab Beetle wet nurse 5 Chapter 4 Being Pharaoh Awakening in the Other Topics Individuals Palace Morning Ablutions Design of royal palaces Amenhotep III Royal Wardrobe Clothing & grooming of Amenhotep (Son of Breakfast & Morning king Hapu) Duties The Duties of the Vizier Den Entering Before The Loyalist Hatshepsut Pharaoh Instruction Nefertari (queen) Moment of Audience Presence & person of Thutmose III Lawmaker & Judge the king Tutankamun Managing Egypt Royal marriages Royal Women Sed festival Queens as Kings Rituals & Festivals Interacting with Gods Finances & Food Vocabulary Royal Health Royal Banquets ankh Recitations arreyet Pharaonic Pets courtier Sports & Games game of senet harem (Egyptian) metu vizier Window of Appearance King Hatshepsut wehedu 6 Chapter 5 The Pharaoh on Campaign Early Warfare Other Powers Preparing for War Mustering & Arming Cities & kingdoms of Troops Khepesh Sword the Levant King & His Army Symbolic & Military Functions The Hyksos Talking Tactics on Kingdom of the Campaign Other Topics Hittites Military Camps Kingdom of Kush Diplomacy Armor & weapons Kingdom of Mitanni Did Pharaohs Fight? The Egyptian navy Libyan Tribes The Battle of Kadesh Khepesh swords Nubians After the Battle Mut-Is-Content & Victory- In-Thebes The Narmer Palette Ramesses II Ramesses III Sherden warriors Modern Interpretation of Egyptian Wall Art 7 Chapter 6 Royal Cities Temple, Palace, & Temples Kings Cosmos The Lost City of Itj- Great Temple to the Akhenaten Tawy Aten (Akhenaten) Psmtik I Memphis Karnak & Luxor Ptolemaic Dynasty Thebes (Luxor) Temples (Thebes) Tutankhamun Akhetaten (Tell el- Ptah Temple & the Apis Amarna) Bull (Memphis) Pi-Ramesses (Qantir) Temple of Baset The King on the Move (Babastis) Royal Cities of the New Kingdom o Tanis (San El- Vocabulary Other Topics Hagar) o Bubastis (Tell barque shrine Canals Basta) facade Funerary complexes o Saris (Sa El-Hagar) Pharaoh & His People hypostyle hall Palermo Stone kiosk (carrying chair) Temple design obelisk pylon The Ineb Hedj (White Walls) of Ancient Memphis 8 Chapter 7 The Pharaoh in Death First Royal Tombs Kings & Dynasties Vocabulary Pyramid Age Pyramid Decoration in Amenhotep II akh-spirt 4th & 5th Dynasties Hatshepsut ba-spirit Middle Kingdom Montuhotep II canopic chest & Jar Second Intermediate Tutankamun Duat (Netherworld) Period 25th Dynasty ka-spirit Valley of the Kings 19th Dynasty muu dancers After the New Kingdom natron Akhenaten’s Final Resting Place primeval mound Other Topics Mummication & Royal scarab Funeral shabti figurines Burial Equipment Mourning customs seh-netjer (divine Nubian pyramids booth) Opening of the mouth wabet (mortuary) Scarab of Sobekemsaf II Osiris Weighing a Heart against a Maat Feather 9 Chapter 8 The Last Pharaohs Alexander & the First The Greco-Macedonians The Romans Ptolemies Alexander’s Lost Tomb Alexander the Great Julius Caesar Alexandria Alexander IV Mark Anthony Fall of the Ptolemies Octavian (Caesar Roman Egypt Antiochus IV Augustus) Diocletian: The Last Pharaoh? Ptolemy I Vespasian Ptolemy VI, Cleopatra Hadrian II, & Ptolemy VIII Septimius Severus Vocabulary Ptolemy XI & Bernice Caracalla III Diocletian Coptic Christians Ptolemy XII & Bernice The Pharos IV satrap Ptolemy XIII & The Sema Cleopatra VII Ptolemy XV (Alexander IV) Ptolemaic Alexandria & the Pharos Lighthouse 10 Eras, Dynasties, & Kings This chronological list of historical eras includes the dynasties of each era of Egyptian history as well as the most important kings associated with each dynasty. In order to answer the contest question, students need to recognize only these selected kings and only the boldfaced dynasties. Early Dynasties 1st Dynasty Hor-Aha c. 3100 to 2584 BC Den 2nd Dynasty Old Kingdom 3rd Dynasty Djoser c. 2584 to 2117 BC 4th Dynasty Sneferu Khufu Khafre Menkaure 5th Dynasty 6th Dynasty First 7th Dynasty Intermediate 8th Dynasty Period 9th Dynasty 2117 to 1781 BC 10 Dynasty Middle Kingdom 11th Dynasty Montuhoten II 2066 to 1781 BC 12th Dynasty Amenemhat I Second 13th Dynasty Intermediate 14th Dynasty Period 15th Dynasty (Hyksos) 1781 to 1549 16th Dynasty 17th Dynasty Sobekemsaf II Kamose New Kingdom 18th Dynasty Ahmose I 1549 to 1064 BC Thutmose III Hatshepsut 18th Dynasty as 18th Dynasty (Amarna) Amenhotep II the Golden Age of Amenhotep III Egypt Akhenaten Tutankhamun 19th Dynasty (Ramesside) Ramesses II Merenptah Seti I 20th Dynasty (Ramesside) Ramesses III Third 21st Dynasty Intermediate 22nd Dynasty (Libyan) Shoshenq I Period 23rd Dynasty 1064 to 664 BC 24th Dynasty 11 25th Dynasty (Nubian) Piye Tanutamani Late Period 26th Dynasty Psamtik I 664 to 310 BC Psamtik III Ahmose II 27th Dynasty (Persian) 28th Dynasty 29th Dynasty 30th Dynasty Nectanebo II 31st Dynasty (Persian) Macedonian Dynasty Alexander the Great Alexander IV Ptolemaic Period Ptolemaic Dynasty Ptolemy I 310 to 30 BC Ptolemy VI & his sister-wife Cleopatra II & his brother Ptolemy VIII Bernenice III & her co-regent Ptolemy XI Ptolemy XII & his daughter Berenice IV Cleopatra VIII & her brother Ptolemy XIII & her son Ptolemy XV Roman Period Julian-Claudian Augustus (Octavian) 30 BC to 313 AD Flavian Vespesian The Good Emperors Hadrian Severan Septimius Severus Caracalla Illyrian Diocletian .