Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah Vol.5 No.1 January 2021 Page 76-89 Online ISSN : 2540-8402 | Print ISSN : 2540-8399 SHARIA HOTEL ATTRIBUTES AND THEIR URGENCY FOR MUSLIM TOURISTS' NEEDS IN MAQASID SHARIAH PERSPECTIVE Rakhman Priyatmoko1 Addin Maulana2 Dini Oktaviyanti3 123Direktorat Kajian Strategis-Kemenparekraf/Baparekraf Jl. Medan Merdeka Barat No. 17 Jakarta [email protected] Abstract The expansion of Sharia hotels is increasingly attracting industry players and scholars in the tourism sector. Although some researchers have focused on studying Sharia hotels' attributes, research examining these attributes deeply based on the Maslahah level in the Maqasid Shariah has not been found. By employing the literature review, this study aims to gather Sharia hotels' attributes and analyze their urgency from the Maslahah perspective using a descriptive method. The results showed that halal food availability, the prohibition of alcoholic victuals, and gender separation in fitness facilities are classified in the Dharuriyat category (fundamental). Besides, the availability of the Quran, praying amenities, and the Qibla sign are grouped in Hajiyat (secondary). Lastly, Tahsiniyat (tertiary) attributes include Ramadan special services, a particular lobby floor for women, and Muslim staff domination. Sharia hotels' other attributes can be extended for further research as long as they conform to Sharia law principles. Keywords: Attributes, Sharia hotels, Maslahah, Maqasid Shariah I. Introduction destination managers and tourism industry players are aware of Muslim tourists' Sharia-concept hotels, also known as potential market. halal hotels, Islamic hotels, or Muslim- The concept of a Sharia hotel is a friendly hotels, are continuously attracting combination of "hotel" and "Sharia" researchers and business players in the terminology. A hotel is defined as hospitality industry nationwide and accommodation consisting of rooms in a overseas. The surprising response by hotel building complex equipped with food and industry players is shown by the increasing drink services, entertainment, and several Sharia hotel number in countries where other facilities. Generally, hotel quality is Muslims are not the majority, such as the characterized by star and no-star labels Philippines, Thailand, and Russia (Battour, (Statistics Indonesia, 2018, p. 376). On the 2018). The mushroomed hotels with Islamic other hand, Sharia is Islamic law derived attributes in those countries confirm that Received: 2020-07-30 | Reviced: 2020-12-03 | Accepted: 2020-12-31 Indexed : DOAJ, Garuda, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta | DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/amwaluna.v5i1.6464 76 Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah Vol.5 No.1 January 2021 Page 76-89 from the Quran and Sunnah, aiming to principal needs of Sharia custom; (2) the control all trade and industrial activities, swift growth of the global Muslim tourist including tourism (Battour et al., 2010). market (Salleh et al., 2014). As of 2018, As a combination of the two terms about 140 million international Muslims mentioned earlier, a Sharia hotel provides were mobilizing worldwide, and this services following Sharia principles (Kamri number is projected to increase up to 230 et al., 2018; Saad et al., 2014) by targeting million by 2026 (Mastercard & market portions where most guests are CrescentRating, 2019). Muslims (Saad et al., 2014). This typical No official data is covering the hotel adheres to a Sharia system in its number of Sharia hotels globally until now. operations: financial system, ethical Although official data regarding the number standard, entertainment styles, spatial of self-proclaimed Sharia hotels in configuration, and Zakat (Islamic tithe). Indonesia is unavailable, three Sharia hotels Furthermore, their organizational design is have received Sharia hotels certificates also adjusted to Sharia principles without issued by the National Sharia Council- neglecting the society norms and respecting Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) all Muslim and non-Muslim citizens (DSN-MUI, 2020). In comparison, (Janitra, 2017, p. 18). Malaysia, which was on the top-rank Religious features play an essential together with Indonesia in the 2019 Global role in influencing Muslim customer Muslim Travel Index, has 42 hotels with the decisions towards the hotel and tourism status of "Muslim-friendly" under the sector (Azhani et al., 2017). These features Muslim-Friendly Accommodation can be interpreted as Islamic representations Recognition (MFAR) scheme (Yusof, implemented in a hotel. Muslim tourists will 2020). always favor hotels with Islamic attributes, In the academic discipline, the theme especially for the sake of halal food and of Sharia hotels has positive impressions. praying facilities. Based on a quest done via The practice of Sharia hotel business https://www.sciencedirect.com, as many as has now become a worldwide trend as it has 28 published journals were found containing an up-and-coming market (Mansyurah, the keyword "Sharia-compliant hotel" with 2018). The growth of Sharia hotels is a study range of 2007-2020. Meanwhile, in influenced by two factors: (1) increasing the Digital Reference Guard (GARUDA) awareness of Muslim tourists towards the through http://garuda.ristekbrin.go.id/, 58 Online ISSN : 2540-8402 | Print ISSN : 2540-8399 77 Rakhman Priyatmoko, et. all, Sharia Hotel Attributes And Their Urgency For Muslim Tourists' Needs In Maqasid Shariah Perspective journals were found with the keyword The absence of constitutional laws "Sharia hotels" filtered from 2012-2020. causes the managers of Sharia hotels in Moreover, in the 2015-2020 publication Indonesia to implement Sharia hotels range within the same source, ten and seven criteria based on their interpretations that articles with each keyword "Halal hotel" and may differ from one to another. Different "Islamic hotels" were found. interpretations have the potential in different When Malaysia already has "Muslim service executions, although the concepts Friendly Hospitality Services offered are similar. Regulations for Sharia Requirements" (Idris & Wahab, 2015), the hotels containing formal standards related to presence of Sharia hotels, unfortunately, has Halal tourism, including Sharia hotels, not received substantial attention from the should exist as a guideline for hotel industry Indonesian government. In terms of players to establish and operate this typical regulations, there are no laws issued by concept. Therefore, a systematic effort to Indonesia's Ministry of Tourism related to observe and investigate the basic concepts Halal tourism development by the time this of Sharia hotels is needed. research was conducted. This study attempts to answer Sharia A Fatwa (legal opinion from Islamic hotels' attributes and examine their urgency view) containing guidelines for seen from the Muslim tourists' needs based implementing national tourism based on on the above background. The results are Sharia principles was once issued by the expected as input for the central and local DSN-MUI Number 108/DSN-MUI/X/2016 governments in formulating regulations and (DSN-MUI, 2016). However, the contents standardization related to Sharia hotels. of the Fatwa are broad and not a product of Furthermore, hotel industry players are government policy. Therefore, a more expected to gain insight into understanding technical explanation is needed. Indonesia the concept of Sharia hotels once enjoyed a Regulation of the Minister of comprehensively. Tourism and Creative Economy Number 2 Literature Review of 2014 concerning the Guidelines for The studies on Sharia hotel attributes Implementing Sharia Hotel Businesses often attract the attention of researchers in (Rachmiatie et al., 2020). However, it was the tourism sector. Rosenberg & Choufany not until the 2016 revocation resulting in a (2009) divided Sharia hotels' attributes into governing vacuum for Sharia hotels. three aspects: functionality, interior design, Online ISSN : 2540-8402 | Print ISSN : 2540-8399 78 Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah Vol.5 No.1 January 2021 Page 76-89 and financial. Saad et al. (2014) used the Maslahah in Maqasid Shariah, such as the Delphi approach by weighting each category Dharuriyat (primary), Hajiyat (secondary), formulated previously by Rosenberg & and Tahsiniyat (tertiary). Choufany (2009). After reviewing some former studies, Battour (2018) classified Sharia it can be inferred that no research aims hotels' attributes into two parts: Muslim- explicitly to discuss Sharia hotels' attributes friendly hotel rooms and Muslim-friendly with the Maqasid approach. Although service, while Kamri et al. (2018) divided Kamri et al. (2018) and Janitra (2017) have Sharia hotels' attributes into four aspects: provided frameworks that Sharia hotels' food and beverage, front office, staff, and attributes can be categorized using the communal facilities. Several discussions on Maqasid approach, they have not discussed Sharia hotel attributes without grouping each attribute's urgency deeply. their characteristics were also conducted by Methods previous researchers (Alam et al., 2019; El- This research employs a qualitative Gohary, 2016; Henderson, 2010). approach and collects data regarding the Karim et al. (2017) found two attributes of Sharia hotels, sourced from six attributes that distinguish Islamic hotels and publications by Rosenberg & Choufany Sharia hotels: the use of Islamic clothing and (2009), Henderson (2010), Battour (2018), swimming pool management.