Survival Management by Living Systems. A General System Theory of the Space-Time Modularity and Evolution of Living Systems: Associations for the Reciprocal and Mutual Sharing of Advantages and DisAdvantages (ARMSADA). Pierre Bricage To cite this version: Pierre Bricage. Survival Management by Living Systems. A General System Theory of the Space-Time Modularity and Evolution of Living Systems: Associations for the Reciprocal and Mutual Sharing of Advantages and DisAdvantages (ARMSADA).. World Conference on Complex Systems, Nov 2014, Agadir, Morocco. hal-01065974 HAL Id: hal-01065974 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01065974 Submitted on 19 Sep 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. http://web.univ-pau.fr/~bricage/ http://www.wccs14.org/index.html Advanced On Line Publication, September 12th 2014 Bricage P. (2014) Survival Management by Living Systems. A General System Theory of the Space-Time Modularity and Evolution of Living Systems: Associations for the Reciprocal and Mutual Sharing of Advantages and DisAdvantages ARMSADA., 16 p., Keynote, 2 nd World Conference on Complex Systems, Agadir, Morocco, 10-12 November 2014, http://web.univ-pau.fr/~bricage/files/bricage_Agadir2014.pdf Creative Commons free ShareAlike [email protected] Survival Management by Living Systems. A General System Theory of the Space-Time Modularity and Evolution of Living Systems : Associations for the Reciprocal and Mutual Sharing of Advantages and DisAdvantages ARMSADA Pierre BRICAGE AFSCET, IASCYS http://iascys.org Faculté des Sciences, UPPA, Pau, France, Europe http://web.univ-pau.fr/~bricage/ [email protected] Abstract—To survive that is 'to eat and not to be eaten'. Whatever The eukaryotic cell has emerged with the help of a RNA virus its spatial and temporal level of organization, any living system, from a mat of Monera [2]. In their new endophysiotope (ENDO: to survive and live on, has 'to be lucky' for 'to be at the right place internal, tope: space, physio: of functioning), the parceners are at the right time' [1]. Formed by embedments and juxtapositions absolutely dependent from each others. But, through the iteration of pre-existing systems in a new Whole, it is a part of food chains: process of new ARMSADAs' emerging, the new more and more it eats and is eaten, within an ecoexotope of survival (EXO) that it complex system-of-systems (Fig. 1) is more and more independent shares with other living systems. But 'soon or late it is impossible from its EXO. There are never advantages without dis- not to be eaten.' Man is not an exception! The modularity of living advantages. To survive that is to turn disadvantages into systems allows both a partial location and a global recycling of advantages and to avoid advantages turning to disadvantages. matter and energy. The pleiotropy of structures and functions, The cell apoptosis results from the systemic dys-functioning of its allowing 'to make of a stone several knocks', is a mechanism of ARMSADA, the death of an endangered internal partner (the exaptation. The ago-antagonistic relations balance, within any Monera' parts: the population of mitochondria or the nucleus) ecoexotope (EXO: external, tope: space, eco: of inhabitation), leads to the endosyncenosis death. Cancer is a breaking of the leads sooner or later to predators disappearance, with a cell's ARMSADA [3]. Cells that should have to die, because of reduction of biodiversity. The spatial and temporal structuring external dangers, thanks to escapes of internal dormant viruses and functioning are associated with scaling independent, local do not. The new endophysiotope (ENDO) survives through a and global, qualitative characteristics (gauge invariance) and metamorphosis but the previous EXO, the organism, is altered quantitative laws (power laws) which allow the emergence of a and endangered. Into an ARMSADA each partner can survive new biodiversity through the systems merging into 'Associations only if the other ones survive first. Man is not an exception! for the Reciprocal and Mutual Sharing of Advantages and Dis- Advantages' (ARMSADA). They are more and more independent from the new global level of organization and the previous local Keywords: agoantagonism, 'Associations for the Reciprocal and situations of emergence. The local actors become more and more Mutual Sharing of Advantages and DisAdvantages' (ARMSADA mutually integrated into their more and more new global Whole. http://armsada.eu), breakage, cancer, capacity to be hosted And reversely (systemic constructal law), the global Whole is (HOSTED), competition, cybernetics, ecoexotope (EXO), more and more integrating local parceners. The evolution of embedment, endophysiotope (ENDO), endosyncenosis (CENO), living systems is often seen as a cooperative evolution resulting epigenetic, evolution, exaptation, food chain, fractal, heritage(s), from altruist behaviors, modeled or simulated using games like hosting capacity (HOSTING), juxtaposition, limit(s), limitation(s), the prisoners' dilemma game, showing why 2 individuals might parasitism, phylotagmotaphology, power law, systemic constructal not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interests to law, prisoners' dilemma game, system-of-systems, systemics, virus. do so. But the law of the strongest is not-at-all the best ! The only way to escape for a while from the struggle is to enter into an I. INTRODUCTION ARMSADA. A lichen is both an organism and an ecosystem, a cell A swarm of bees is not at all a population of individual is also an ecosystem and an endosyncenosis (CENO: to meet and organisms. The swarm is an organism which regulates its fuse, syn: into a system, endo: with a new internal structural and internal temperature depending on the external one. Into the functional organization), both are ARMSADAs. An ARMSADA Whole (the swarm system), the actors (the bees) are in emerges when the partners lose simultaneously the capacity to interaction. Into our organism (the Whole), our cells (the kill the other ones. In the new Whole, all that is an advantage for actors), like in the swarm itself, all are functionally defined by a partner is a disadvantage for the other ones. The 'parceners' their endophysiotope (ENDO: internal, tope: space, physio: of are fused together 'for the best and for the worst'. If some benefits functioning) and their ecoexotope (EXO: external, tope: space, they are only for their Wholeness which expresses new abilities. eco: of inhabitation), that together define the system as a The nitrogen fixation of the legumes' nodes emerges from the Wholeness [4], and the interface of exchange between ENDO fusion of a population of Monera with, and within, an organism. and EXO (Fig. 1). On the ice-bank of the Antarctic Continent Penguins are II. THE GAUGE INVARIANCE OF LIVING SYSTEMS walking slowly. They have no need to run because there is no Each living system is the guest of a hosting environment danger for them here. And that is a great advantage because the [10], its EcoExoTope [11] of survival (EXO). Integrated into Penguins' body is not built for running ! But there is nothing to food chains, he is a parcener, undivided from all the other eat on the ice-bank. That is a great disadvantage ! When it is living forms. In order to survive he must first 'to eat'. Then, if very cold you need a great food amount to survive. There are he may 'not to be eaten', and if its EndoPhysioTope (ENDO) never advantages without disadvantages! Into the water of the can grow in mass, he must itself 'to survive its self', to generate Antarctic Ocean, Penguins are swimming very fast. They have an offspring and eventually to grow in number. Food chains are two reasons to do so. Firstly they must swim faster than the juxtaposed and encased (Fig. 1) like times and spaces [1, 12]. fishes. To survive they have to eat a lot of them. There is a lot of fishes there and the Penguins' body is built to swim very fast. That is a great advantage! Secondly they must swim faster than the Killer Whales that are eating Penguins to survive too. Wherever the Penguins are there are never advantages without disadvantages. They will survive as long as they can transform disadvantages into advantages and prevent advantages from turning into disadvantages. Figure 2. The 7 functional capacities that defines a level of organization. Each capacity Cj, with 1!j!7, is all at once the result and the origin of the other ones and itself, Cj = f(Cj,Ck,Cl,Cm,Cn,Cp,Cq) with 1!j,k,l,m,n,p,q!7 and j"k"l"m"n"p"q, and simultaneously the capacities, mutually, modulate reciprocally their expression (colored arrows are indicating reciprocal Figure 1. What a system is: Ecoexotope and endophysiotope. interactions): systemic constructal law [4, 13, 14]. The capacity of moving - top: a system is made of 3 kinds of entities, the actors (colored points), matter and energy flows is the first requirement -1- before the capacity of their interactions (blue, green and red arrows) & their Whole (the system). mass growth -2-. The matter and energy flows and the growth are controlled - down: always a system-of-systems, the endophysiotope ENDO of a i level through the capacity to respond to stimulation -3-. All of that is allowed of organization is the ecoexotope EXO of survival of previous i-n levels. Due because the internal and external parts of the system exhibit a correlated to the actors semi-autonomy, abilities of previous levels are lost, new ones are structural and functional organization -4-, into spaces [5], through times [1, gained.