<p>Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” Chennai, 12.-17.12.2011</p><p>MIS 3 Climate Variability Recorded in Speleothems</p><p>Dominik Fleitmann Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research University of Bern, <a href="/tags/Switzerland/" rel="tag">Switzerland</a> Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>The Arabian Peninsula</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 2 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Oppenheimer et al., 2009 15. Dezember 2011 3 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>15. Dezember 2011 4 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Vegetation </p><p> temperature</p><p> irradiance water</p><p>Nemani et al., Science, 2003</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 5 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Periods of Favorable Climatic Conditions for Human Dispersal </p><p>15. Dezember 2011 6 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Absolutely-dated speleothem records covering MIS 3</p><p>Villar <a href="/tags/Cave/" rel="tag">Cave</a> , <a href="/tags/France/" rel="tag">France</a>: Genty et al., Nature, 2003 Kleegruben Cave , <a href="/tags/Austria/" rel="tag">Austria</a>: Spotl et al., QSR, 2006 Sofular Cave , <a href="/tags/Turkey/" rel="tag">Turkey</a>: Fleitmann et al., GRL, 2009; Badertscher et al., Nature Geosci., 2011; Fleitmann et al., in prep. Hulu Cave , <a href="/tags/China/" rel="tag">China</a>: Wang et al., Science, 2001 Fort Stanton Cave , USA: Asmerom et al., Nature Geosci., 2010 Cave of the Bells , USA: Wagner et al., Nature Geosci., 2010 Moomi Cave , Yemen: Burns et al., Science, 2003; Shakun et al., 2007 Botuvera Cave , Brasil: Wang et al., QSR, 2006</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 7 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Absolutely-dated speleothem records covering MIS 3</p><p>Modified after Oppenheimer</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 8 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Speleothem records</p><p>Timing of D-O events!</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 9 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Speleothems</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 10 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Speleothems</p><p>Climatic & Biological Signals</p><p>Rainfall</p><p>Temperature</p><p>Vegetation SOILWATER</p><p>AQUIFER</p><p>DRIPWATER</p><p>Fleitmann et al ., 2004 SPELEOTHEM 15. Dezember 2011 11 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” Speleothem-based Paleoclimate Reconstructions</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 12 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Speleothem-based Paleoclimate Reconstructions</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 13 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Uranium-series Dating</p><p>2006 238 U 234 Th α 4.58 By - 24.1 d β 234 Pa</p><p>1.18 m 3∗α 234 U 230 Th 226 Ra 206 Pb 245 kyr 75.4 kyr 1∗β (stable)</p><p>Absolute ages 24.171 ± 57 Small age uncertainties 30.512 ± 71 (typically 0.5 – 2% of the absolute age) 42.463 ± 101 50.020 ± 142</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 14 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Speleothem-based Paleoclimate Reconstructions</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 15 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>δδδ18 O: Source of Moisture, Northern Oman</p><p>Fleitmann et al., QR, 2003</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 16 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>δδδ18 O: Source of Moisture, Hoti Cave, Oman N</p><p>A -6</p><p>M -5 O DB)</p><p>PP -4 N -3</p><p>R HIATUS</p><p>E -2</p><p>H -1 T</p><p>R 0 O H5 and H12 (‰V H12 and H5 1 Fleitmann et al., 2007 N 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 Age (ka B.P.)</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 17 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>δδδ18 O: Amount of Rainfall („Amount Effect“)</p><p>Stalagmite H12, Hoti Cave (Northern Oman)</p><p>Al Hamra</p><p>Hoti</p><p>Hoti</p><p>More negative oxygen isotope values = Higher precipitation</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 18 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>δδδ18 O: Amount of Rainfall („Amount Effect“)</p><p>Stalagmite Q5, Qunf Cave, Southern Oman + -2.5</p><p>-2 OMAN B)</p><p>DD -1.5</p><p>-1 Q5 (‰ VP (‰ Q5 -0.5 Precipitation Precipitation SOUTHERN 0 Fleitmann et al., Science, 2003</p><p>0 2 4 6 8 10 Age (ka B.P.)</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 19 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Speleothem-based Paleoclimate Reconstructions</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 20 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>δδδ13 C in Speleothems</p><p>C3 plants (trees and shrubs)</p><p>Soil CO 2: -26 and 20 ‰ (PDB) 13 δδδ Ccalcite : ~ -13‰</p><p>C4 plants (grasses)</p><p>Soil CO 2: -12 and 8‰ (PDB) 13 δδδ Ccalcite : ~ -6‰</p><p>• Proportion of C3/C4 plants • Recharge conditions (open/closed system conditions) • Biological activity in the soil • Degree of interaction with <a href="/tags/Limestone/" rel="tag">limestone</a> bedrock</p><p>• Rate of CO 2-degassing of cave drip water</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 21 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Sofular Cave, Northern Turkey</p><p>Annual rainfall: around 1200 mm yr -1</p><p>Weak seasonality of precipitation</p><p>Cave air temperature: 11.8 ± 0.1 °C</p><p>Vegetation: predominantely C3-type vegetation</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 22 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Sofular Cave: Stalagmite So-1</p><p>2006</p><p>24.171 ± 57 30.512 ± 71 42.463 ± 101 50.020 ± 142 Fleitmann et al., GRL, 2009: Badertscher et al., Nature Geoscience, 2011 15. Dezember 2011 23 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Proxy Quality of δδδ13 C in <a href="/tags/Stalagmite/" rel="tag">stalagmites</a> from Sofular Cave</p><p>So-11 Precipitation</p><p>Stalagmite δ13 C values are closely related to the drip rate</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 24 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Proxy Quality of δδδ13 C in stalagmites from Sofular Cave</p><p>Göktürk et al., QSR, 2011 δ13 C records from Sofular Cave stalagmites are reproduceable! </p><p>15. Dezember 2011 25 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Human dispersal („Out of Africa II“)</p><p>Oppenheimer, Quaternary International, 2009 15. Dezember 2011 26 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Study Sites in Arabia</p><p>Nafud</p><p>Hoti</p><p>Mundafan Khujeymahd</p><p>Mukallah</p><p>Socotra Rosenberg et al., Geology, 2011</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 27 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Lacustrine Sediments</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 28 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>?</p><p>? ?</p><p>? ?</p><p>?</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 29 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>130.000 - 120.000 yrs BP </p><p>205.000 - 195.000 yrs BP </p><p>230.000 - 220.000 yrs BP </p><p>330.000 - 300.000 yrs BP </p><p>Fleitmann et al., Quaternary Science Reviews, 2011</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 30 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Pluvial Periods in Arabia Precipitation Precipitation</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 31 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Pluvial Periods in Arabia</p><p>Rosenberg et al., Geology, 2011</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 32 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Human dispersal („Out of Africa II“)</p><p>Oppenheimer, Quaternary International, 2009 15. Dezember 2011 33 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Sites</p><p>Mellars, Science, 2006</p><p>Villars Cave</p><p>Sofular Cave</p><p>Incesu Cave</p><p>Soreq Cave</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 34 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Atmospheric circulation and precipitation in the Mediterranean basin</p><p>January</p><p>July Sofular Cave</p><p> mm Sources: NCEP, CRU 15. Dezember 2011 35 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Sofular Cave: Stalagmite So-1</p><p>2006</p><p>24.171 ± 57 30.512 ± 71 42.463 ± 101</p><p>50.020 ± 142 Fleitmann et al., GRL, 2009</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 36 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Sofular Cave: Stalagmite So-1</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 37 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>15. Dezember 2011 38 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Transition time of Dansgaard-Oeschger events: Changepoint calculations</p><p>Fleitmann et al., GRL, 2009</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 39 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Transition time into D-O Events in Sofular and NGRIP</p><p>Full transition into a D-O event takes longer in the Sofular δδδ13 C time series!</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 40 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Incesu Cave, Turkey</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 41 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Ice Extent at 60 ka BP</p><p>Svendsen et al., QSR, 2004</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 42 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Villars Cave</p><p>Mellars, Science, 2006</p><p>Villars Cave</p><p>Sofular Cave</p><p>Incesu Cave</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 43 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Villars Cave</p><p>Genty et al., QSR, 2010</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 44 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Villars and Sofular</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 45 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Human dispersal („Out of Africa II“)</p><p>Oppenheimer, Quaternary International, 2009 15. Dezember 2011 46 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Hulu Cave, China</p><p>Wang et al., Science, 2001</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 47 Workshop on “Palaeoclimate and Human Dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage 3” </p><p>Thank You!</p><p>15. Dezember 2011 48</p>