981 and even eagerly. The State is now appealed to on the of( the nodules resembling testicles. The family history was score of economy, so as to cheapen the bon-bons down to theunimportanti except that the grandfathers of the parents purchasing power of the very poor ; and it is confidentlywere brothers. The father of the girls asked to have the expected that its response will be such as to leave no ttwo testicles of the younger girl removed, whilst the elder commune, however indigent, without access to a remedygirli suffered from time to time from pains in her testicle, so efficacious beyond all others in combating the national thatt the question arose whether this operation, which might scourge. be1 called castration, was justified. The existence of these March 30th. malformations rise to some ___________________ naturally gave difficulty inthe selection of an occupation for the girls. VIENNA. Ulceration of the Skin after Diagnostic Application of the X Rays. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) It is not often that a single cautious application of the - x rays for the purpose of ascertaining the presence of metallic Centenary of the Operateurinstitute, objectsc in the human body leads to grave consequences. Such a was shown Professor at the same THE of the foundation of the case, however, by Lang centenary Operateurinstitutemeeting of the Gesellschaft der Aerzte. The patient was or school for in which was established surgeons Vienna, by a man who had been of swallowed several the Francis I. on the of Dr. was suspected having Emperor suggestion Kern, nails when in a condition. The re- with the of the rusty psychopathic celebrated, together eightieth anniversary sults of the examination the x rays were of Lord a of the Gesell- by negative, birthday Lister, by special meeting 1but 12 afterwards the skin which had been ex- schaft der Aerzte. The institute has the of days during century I to the rays became inflamed and after two more its existence been a means of instruction posed very important for weeks an ulcer formed. This ulcer showed no tendency It was attached to the two clinics of surgeons. surgical the to heal and after the of a year covered an area of in but was under the im- lapse University Vienna 1863, previously of about 20 centimetres. An was mediate control of of for the ( square operation the professor surgery time being then in which the skin of the and the incurred in the instruction of the performed neighbour- expenses surgeons hood was also removed and the of the fascia and were till that time the The of the deep layer paid by Emperor. growth even fibres of the muscles were excised. The final result was institute and the of its influence on the importance presenta defect of about 80 square centimetres, which was covered of surgeons be from the facts that generation may judged in the Thiersch method. At the present time, one year after 1863 there were 56 whilst in 1899 theby operations performed, the operation, the scar tissue extended to about 100 square number was 712, and all the modern achievements of surgery centimetres,( was of excellent and was move- attained in Austria are due to the of the quality, freely pupils Operateur-able, without any fixation to the muscles. Professor institute. Professor Billroth was the head of Lang only thisílaid stress on the necessity of school who had not been also a of it. An address was special deferring surgical pupil interference in such cases until the degenerative process had delivered in honour of Lord Lister, whose discoveries had ceased. revolutionised surgery and had thereby profoundly influenced March 27th. the institute. There was also a reception of former and __________________ present pupils of the school, who comprise several pro- fessors, prizat-doeenten and directors of hospitals, along with NEW YORK. of other surgeons. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) Influenza in Austria-Hungary. Influenza has again been epidemic this year in Central )! A National Endowment for the Improvement of Social Europe, especially in Austria, and the death-rate was high, Conditions. whilst was the incidence of morbidity increased by fully AMONG the bequests which possessors of great wealth in 20 cent. As a rule the were of a mild per complications the United States are making for the benefit of the people of type and involved mostly the ear and the gastro-intestinal the whole country the most striking is that of the widow whilst the attack was almost tract, primary invariably of the late Mr. Russell Sage. Mr. Sage was a banker, who localised in the air The in upper passages. rapid changes began life as a country lad, of humble origin, but who the weather, which especially in the months of January and developed remarkable talents for business in whatever caused of from February differences temperature ranging position he was placed. He came to New York after a to in six or were favourable to 18° 20° C. eight hours, very successful career in a country town, having a very moderate the development of catarrhal diseases, amongst which fortune at his command. During the 50 years of his influenza had a foremost the last position. During financial operations in this city he accumulated a fortune of few years influenza has been made one of the notifi- upwards of $80,000,000, which he left at the disposal of his able but have infectious maladies, many practitioners widow, a lady of education and refinement, without heirs. Her shown much laxity in conforming to the regulation. The first considerable gift of this immense estate is $10,000,000 official therefore a increase of statistics report only slight to create a "Russell Sage Foundation," the object of which influenza, whilst the complications, which were undoubtedly is stated to be "the improvement of social and living con- of a post-influenzal nature, are not shown in these statistics. ditions in the United States." The means to that end will The sudden changes of the weather also had an unfavourable include research, publication, education, the establishment effect on the mortality amongst infants. The number of and maintenance of charitable and beneficial activities, hours of sunshine was reduced by 20 per cent. in comparison agencies, and institutions, and the aid of any such activities, with the average for the last 50 years, so that the antiseptic agencies, and institutions already established. It is an in- power of the sun’s rays had less opportunity of making teresting fact that the endowment of great national benefi- itself felt. cences in this country by men of large wealth had its origin Pseudo-Hermaphroditismus Masmtlinus. in the gift of Mr. George Peabody of London soon after our At a recent meeting of the Gesellschaft der Aerzte Dr. Civil war, to endow an organisation for the promotion of Haim showed two sisters each with the same malformation. education in the Southern States. This was followed by the The elder one, who was 20 years of age, sought medical advice Carnegie foundation of$10,000,000 in aid of educational on account of the non-appearance of menstruation. It was institutions, and, finally, by the Rockefeller Foundation of found that she presented a series of masculine character- $32,000,000 for specific lines of national education and istics, such as a well-developed larynx, absence of mammæ, philanthropy. The "Russell Sage Foundation" is the first an exuberant growth of hair on all parts of the bodv, and a contribution by a single person of wealth towards the masculine arrangement of the pubic hair. As regards the national betterment of the social and living conditions of genital organs the clitoris was very large, imperforate, and the people. covered with a large prepuce, and the vagina was a short Honours conferred on a Physician. closed canal hardly admitting one finger. No trace of a The Congress of the United States has passed a special uterus or ovaries could be detected by examination per Act, authorising the President to appoint Lieutenant and rectum. In the right labium there was a hard nodule Assistant Surgeon James Carroll, U.S. Army, a Surgeon with of the shape of a testicle, which Dr. Haim believedthe rank of Major. The President promptly complied. Dr. to be a testicle. She had been brought up as a girl, Carroll’s special claim to the honour conferred upon him is but had never felt herself drawn to the other sex. The due to his voluntary submission while with the army in Cuba younger sister, who was 13 years old, showed similar condi- to test in his own person the effect of the bite of a mos- tions, the only difference being that in the labia she had two quito infected with yellow fever. The test was made on 982 August 27th, 1900 ; on August 31st, four days after material aid to those whose desperate circumstances have the.bite, he was taken sick and suffered a severe attack driven them to contemplate self-destruction. That such an of the fever; he was confined strictly to bed until organisation will be of great service is proved by the fact Sept. 13th and convalesced slowly, leaving Cuba on that 18 persons applied on the first day. Oct. 9th on sick leave. Dr. Carroll was born in March 26th. England __________________ in 1854 and came to the United States by the way of Canada and soon after enlisted in the army. He studied medicine while serving in the army, and on gradua- tion, took a course of graduate work in pathology and Obituary.