Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76423-0 - Constantine, Divine Emperor of the Christian Golden Age Jonathan Bardill Index More information INDEX S Abednego, 333 aniketos¯ , 87 Ambrose, bishop of Milan Ablabius, Flavius, praetorian prefect (329–337), Constantine’s affinity with, 87, 293, 397 baptism delayed, 305 220, 275, 278, 303 divinity of, 359–60 Ammianus Marcellinus jealous of Sopater, 304 hailed as “unconquered” by Pythian oracle, Constantius II’s entry into Rome (357), 21 Abraham 16–17 obelisk of Constantius II, 154–55 and Mamre, 259, 265 heavenward gaze, 19 Res Gestae, 3 Acanthus imitates Hercules, 65, 359–60 on sacrifice in Ostia (359), 285 associated with Helios, 46 lion’s mane of hair, 19 Ammon, 359 Achilles, 108 modelled rule on Zeus’ rule, 19 Amnius Manius Caesonius Nicomachus Anicius Actian wreath, 48–49, 397 Octavian and, 17 Paulinus, city prefect (334–335), 302 Actium, battle of (31 B.C.), 128 portraits, 21 Anastasia, daughter of Constantius, 89 Adonis statue of, 152 Anastasius, emperor (491–518) cult of, at Bethlehem, 258 statue of, by Lysippus, 19 burial place in Constantinople, 370 adoratio purpurae statue of, in hippodrome at Constantinople, Anatolius, praetorian prefect of Illyricum and Constantine, 340 20 sacrifices in Athens, 287 and Diocletian, 339 statue of, in Strategion at Constantinople, Anaxagoras, 134 adoratio, 339 26n.64 anchor, 166, 180–81 Adrianople. See Hadrianopolis and Troy, 251 Seleucus’ birthmark, 343 Aelafius worship of, 43 Andrade, E. N. da C. Constantine’s letter to (314), 101, 305, 272, Alexandria, 152 Constantine’s vision, 159 274 Serapaeum, destruction of, 167, 194 Andrew, Apostle Aeternitas, 45, 54, 99 Alexius III Angelus, emperor (1195–1203) relics of, 369, 381, 382 Africanus, governor of Pontus, 334 sarcophagi of emperors stripped by, 186–87 ankh, 166, 181–82 Africanus, Scipio Alfoldi,¨ Andreas, 164–66 Aten’s rays bestow, 181 invictus, 86 on Constantine abandoning Sol, 331 and symbol of Constantine’s vision analogous, Agamemnon, 58 on radiate crown and diadem, 42 181 as shepherd, 139, 342 Allectus, 82, 90 Anna Comnena Agones Solis, 62 ambiguity on Constantine’s radiate statue in Aigai of Arch of Constantine, inscription, 223–27 Constantinople, 28, 34, 107 temple of Asclepius, 266 of coins showing Constantine’s ascension, 380 Antakya. See Antioch theatre procession (336 B.C.), 152 blurred identity of Constantine and Sol, 87 Anthousa, 151. See also Ty c h e Akhenaten, pharaoh (ca. 1317-ca. 1334 B.C.) concerning faith of people of Orcistus, 289 Antigonus I, king (382–301 B.C.), 126 and ankh, 181 of Constantine’s divine status, 153 Antioch (Antakya), 83 Albinus, Ceionius Rufius, city prefect of Constantine’s god of light, 332 octagonal church, 237 (335–337), 302 of image of Constantine defeating serpent, oracle of Zeus Philios, 264 Alcmene, 360 362 Antonine Constitution (212), 79 Alexander Helios, 41 in laws about sacrifice, 277 antoninianus, 53–54, 55 Alexander, bishop of Alexandria, 290–98 of meaning of Constantine’s burial Anullinus, proconsul of Africa, 133, 270, 272 letter to Constantine (328), 297 arrangements, 373 Anullinus, C. Annius, 275 Alexander, bishop of Constantinople, 252 of Nero’s Colossus and Constantine’s Aphaca (Efqa) Alexander III (the Great), king of Macedon porphyry column, 52 shrine of Aphrodite, 265 (336–323 B.C.), 11, 16, 108, 153, 372, 375, of statue of Constantine on porphyry column, Aphrahat 383–84, 398 399 Constantine’s age as eschatological era, adopts diadem, 15, 215 of term superstitio, 212, 286 363 425 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76423-0 - Constantine, Divine Emperor of the Christian Golden Age Jonathan Bardill Index More information 426 INDEX Aphrodisias Arles star on his helmet, 44 currency inscription (310), 55 named Constantina, 251 wary of monarchy, 46–47 Aphrodite Armenia worshipped in private cults, 47 temple of, in Jerusalem, 255 Persian invasion of, 304 Aurelian, emperor (270–275), 59–63, 360 Apollo, 182, 180 army elected by Jupiter through Sol, 62 adopted by enemies of Julius Caesar, 44 Christians in, 221, 226 and Golden Age, 91 on Arch of Constantine, 228 election of emperor by, 58, 60, 83, 86, 364, living god, 63, 338 and Augustus/Octavian, 44–48, 214 365 monetary reform, 54 in Carmen Saeculare, 45 polytheistic views expressed by, in front of receives appeal for deposition of bishop of and Constantine, 56, 57, 61, 88, 144 Constantine, 269 Antioch, 76, 272 Constantine’s vision of, 61, 88, 169–70, 171, Arnobius and Sol, 101, 397 174, 179, 397 on abandonment of temples, 264 Aurelius Victor, 3 divinely inspired musician, 19 on attitude to polytheism, 135–36 on crucifixion, 278 gives ring with anchor to Laodice, 180 Arras medallion, 90–91 Autun, 130 and Maximian, 68 Arrian named Flavia Aeduorum, 251 and Nero, 49–50 on Alexander and Hercules, 359 temple of Apollo, 88 oracle of, at Daphne, visited by Galerius, Artemis, daughter of Leto, 144 77 Arycanda Babylon oracle of, at Delphi, 144, 254, 362 petitions to persecute Christians, 270 Constantine visits, 219 oracle of, at Didyma consulted before ascension destroyed, 302 persecution (302–303), 80 pagan iconography of, 378–80 Babylonian Creation Epic, 134 oracle of, at Didyma, prefers hymns to Asutay-Effenberger, Neslihan, 187–88, 194 baptism, 304–305 sacrifices, 276 Aten, 182 Barnes, Timothy, 4, 299, 373 oracles of, encourage persecution, 144 Athanasius of Alexandria, 297, 298 Constantine bans sacrifice, 285, 287, 288 palm-tree associated with, 46 imperial divinity ridiculed by, 384 Constantine’s official appointments, 302–303 priest of, honoured by Constantine, 304 Athena Constantine’s radiate statue, 29–30 and Python myth, 144 on funerary monument of Secundinii, 380 Constantine’s vision, 159 and Python myth, parallels Christ and serpent Athenagoras Galerius bullying Diocletian into appointing in Revelation, 327, 362 attitude to polytheism, 135 Severus and Maximinus, 81 radiate crown of, 45 on Holy Spirit radiating light of Father, Galerius’ desire to persecute Christians, 78 reign of, in Eclogue 4, 128 328 Licinius’ attitude to Christianity, 281 statue by Lysias, 44 Atia, Octavian’s mother, 45 paganism wiped out in Constantinople, 260 statues on Palatine, 44 Augoustos Basil the Great swans sacred to, 46 title adopted by Constantine, 339 baptism delayed, 305 temple of, in Autun, 88 Augusta Treverorum. See Tr ier basilica. See also churches temple of, in Circus Flamininus, 45 Augustan History ambulatory type, 240–43 temple of, in Granum, 88 and Diocletian’s Golden Age, 129 architectural form used for Christian temple of, on Palatine, 44, 45 Augustine churches, 348 Apollonius of Tyana, 266, 345 letter from Maximus of Madaurus, 135 Bassianus Apostles Augustus (status) plot against Constantine and death, 6 on sarcophagi, approaching Constantine’s radiate crown as symbol of status, 42 Bassus, Junius Annius (consul 331), 220, 275 standard, 193 Augustus. See also Octavian Bassus, Junius symbolism of, in Constantine’s burial place, and Apollo, 44–48, 214 sarcophagus of, 347–48 376 Constantine’s affinity with, 11, 397 Baynes, Norman, 2, 7 tombs of, 334 cult statue of, in Caesarea Maritima, 213–14 on Eusebius’ theory of Constantine’s kingship, worship of, 400 deus on coins of 260s, 380 138 apse diadem avoided by, 18 on solar imagery in Christianity, 326, 327–28 divine association of, 234, 348 divinized (A.D. 14), 44, 47 Bemarchius, 3 Aquileia, 92 divus Julius, association with, 47 Berger, Albrecht, 151 basilica of the Apostles, 235 eyes, 21–22 Bergmann, Marianne Arcadius, 183, 194 and Golden Age, 44–48, 91, 128–29, 334, on radiate crown, 42 archaeology, 2, 7–8 343 Bethlehem Archytas, 39, 40 as Jupiter, 47–48, 214, 346 church of Nativity, 234, 258–59, 382 Arian controversy, 219, 273, 290–99, 398 and marriage laws, 279 Silvester, bishop of Rome Arians mausoleum of. See Rome, mausoleum basilica of Apostles in Rome, foundations laid accused of denigrating Christ, 382 of Augustus by, 243 involved in moving Constantine’s body to monarchy under veil of Republicanism, 18 bishop. See episkopos St. Acacius, 382 nude statues of, 108 bishops. See also Council Aristeas = Octavian’s new name, 128 as magistrates, 278 ruler imitating God, 127 places star over Julius Caesar’s statues, 44 Bleckmann, Bruno, 299 Aristotle portrait style, 44–45 Book of Ceremonies and “best man,” 359 and pulvinar, 47, 152 on Holy Apostles, 369 Arius, 290–99, 361 radiate crown of, 44, 45, 47–49 Bordeaux pilgrim death, 298 radiate statue of, on Palatine, 57 basilica, definition of, 233–34 reinstated (327), 297 star above his head, 47 branding on face, 278 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76423-0 - Constantine, Divine Emperor of the Christian Golden Age Jonathan Bardill Index More information INDEX 427 Britain, 90–91 on standard piercing serpent, 143 letter to Caesar with advice as to Alexander, Constantius invades (296), 82 Christ. See also Jesus 16 personified on Arch of Galerius, Thessaloniki, in art, 373–74, 400 on Servius Tullius, 16 71 ascension iconography, 347 on Tarquinius Superbus, 16 Brutus, conspirator, 44 born on anniversary of sun’s creation, 327 on True Law and Right Reason, 137–38, 140 Bruun, Patrick, 221 as charioteer, 327, 356 circus. See Constantinople, hippodrome; Rome, Buondelmonti, Cristoforo compared with Alexander the Great, 384 Circus Maximus sarcophagus of Constantine, 187 divine/royal status in art, 346, 349 Cirta Byzantium, 305. See also Constantinople as emperor/king, 341–50, 354, 387n. 86, 400 named Constantina, 251 attractions and limitations of site of, 251 as episkopos, 361 Claudius Gothicus, emperor (268–270), 82, 94, Licinius withdraws to (324), 15 as King of Kings, 343 377 renamed Constantinople, 251 as king and judge, 232–33 Clement of Alexandria shrine of Rhea/Tychaion, 262 kingship philosophy applied to, 9 apologetic writing, 75 as kyrios, 344 on Christian symbols, 180–81 Caecilianus, bishop of Carthage, 133, 272 as Law, 344 Cleopatra VII, 41, 128 Caelus, 348 as Logos, 139–40, 360, 399, 400 Clitus, 359 Calendar of 354, 247 manifest saviour, in St.