Dr. Sanjay Dahasahasra Former Member Secretary, and V.N. Rathod, Chief Engineer, Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran, Mumbai 22 May 2006 , “Disaster Management” BE Excellence Award 2006, at Charlotte, USA 29 Mar 2008 , “24/7 Water Supply”, BE Excellence Award 2008, at Baltimore, USA 21 Oct 2008, Best Engineer Award, at the hands of Hon. Governer, Maharashtra Modeling 13 Oct 2009, “Disaster Management” , BE Excellence Award 2009, at Charlotte, USA Awards in Advance Distribution Distribution Advance in Awards 11th Dec. 2009, Prestressed Concrete Award at, Mangalore, Design and Research, I.E. Indian Cities Soar to Success of 24/7 Water . To adopt reforms to improve service delivery, . To distribute water equitably to achieve 24/7 supply, . To reduce mortality ratio- eradicate w.b. diseases . To serve effectively and efficiently even in crisis NRW A holistic view ofReduction my organization Metering DMA 21st Century- Set to become India's urban century 336 285 217 160 2020 2020 140 million 2050 will move to No. of cities cities (Popu. > 106) 700 million will double will urbanize 1981 1991 2001 2011 Urban Population (miilion) 50% population will live in urban areas by 2050 Source: Mint, The Wall Street Journal, Mumbai, Dt 16 August 2007 Range: 90% of Slum: 27 LPCD 63 % 57 – 160 Urban Infant Mortality Population LPCD, Target: population 140 LPCD =48 Access to water Piped water Provided water Health Risk supply Source: CMG, ASCI, Hydrabad What are Issues in Urban India? Benchmarks Ground Reality 24x7 supply, Intermittent, Universal access, Poor coverage(slums), Efficiency, High cost and NRW, Sustainability Poor cost recovery 6 (A Case Study) Amravati .7th most populous MC .Population = 7 Lakhs Native place of 2 2nd biggest city Her Highness .Area = 121.65 km of Vidarbha President of .Historical landmark India 7 WSSD, India Source of Amravati City Upper Wardha Dam 22 Kms BPT Water Supply 33 Kms 100% from 82 Upper MLD Wardha Ground water Dam till 1994 WTP Amravati Total Length of Distribution System = 801 Kms Challenges House Utility Cover- Stand Supply Sustain- Conne NRW Life age Posts Hours ability ctions > O&M 2 cost > 29 49 % 55 % 50 % 933 Years hours Reve- nue Rs 8.41>Rs 8.14 Nine Performance Indicators 1. Coverage, Water Supply Connections 2. Per capita supply of water 3. Extent of metering 4. Continuity of water supply 5. NRW Reduction 6. Quality of water Supply 7. Redressal of complaints 8. Cost recovery in water supply services 9. Efficiency in collection of water charges Standard Amravati Benchmark Coverage, Water Supply Connections 100% 49% Per capita supply of water 135 LPCD 107 LPCD Extent of metering 100% 90% Continuity of water supply 24 Hours 2 Hours NRW Reduction 20% 55% Quality of water Supply 100% 88% Redressal of complaints 80% 82% Cost recovery in water 100% 100% supply services Efficiency in collection of water charges 90% 62% Nine Performance Indicators GoI Amravati 120 Gap=40% Gap=38% 100 Gap=51% Gap=100% Gap=74% 100 100 80 62 60 Gap=35% 55 49 40 20 20 0 Coverage NRW Cost Recovery How many Old AC, PVC and GI Pipes in Amravati? Upper Wardha Dam Challenge: • Old pipes 22 Kms • Limited supply (137 LPCD at BPT source) Total Length 33 Kms = 801 Kms GI = 65 AC= 203 PVC = CI+DI = Kms Kms 104 429 Kms WTP Amravati 372 Kms What was NRW in Amravati? Upper Wardha Dam Challenge: • Amravati: neither in JNNURM nor 22 Kms in UIDSSMT • Limited finance We received only Rs 8.35 Crores BPT • for reforms 33 Kms Treated water Billing to all NRW supply to consumers (55 %) Amravati city WTP Amravati 82 MLD 52 MLD 30 MLD How many Illegal Connections in Amravati? 62,338 Loss of revenue = Rs 114 Lakhs per Annum 8,630 (15 %) Total Connections Illegal Connection in Red Illegal Connections How many Valves in Amravati? 753 809 56 Daily Daily not Total operated operated valves Valve Open Valve Closed Service Tank DMA-1 DMA-2 DMA-3 Staff Required Valvemen 27 Jalsevak 102 Total 129 How much Coping Costs in 4 Zones? Through a Consumer Survey Coping Costs buy plastic overhead tanks Rs 20 Rs 150 booster pumps Tankers Rs 50 buying small purification devices Rs 250 Rs 470/HH/Month Rs 5640/HH/ Year Introduce Change Management Sustainable Unsustainable Positive Cycle • Low level investment • Poor services • High investment • Citizen unhappy • Improve services • Unwilling to pay • Citizen satisfied • Low income • Willing to pay • Improve income Negative Cycle Former Member Secretary Giving Oath to the Staff Oath… • I vow that I shall devot myself for improving service delivery of water supply of 7 Lakhs people of Amravati, • I promise that I shall be a part of the team to create GIS maps, hydraulic model and installation of meters, • I assure that I shall go to site and find low pressures and identify the leaks, • I shall educate my people for the initiative Convert Intermittent System to 24/7 Water Supply System Clean Water with Pressure 24/7 Till end of 24 Hours a day 7 Days a week All weeks a year project life.. Total Towns (2011) = 5480 City LPCD Supply Hours Goa 341 8 Chandigarh 332 10 Mumbai 240 5 Delhi 223 4 Patna 222 10 Ludhiyana 220 10 Jodhpur 190 2.5 London: 150 LPCD Amravati 137 2 Paris: 170 LPCD.. Source: World Bank, October 2005 Definite Relationship Ground Cyclic Water Epidemic Ground Cholera Leaking water till (1992): 29 pipelines 1994 Deaths . City has history of proneness to epidemics . 24x7 initiative is contemplated by the MJP Amravati: Why 24x7 Initiative? In an Intermittent System Dirt Dirt Empty Pipeline Vacuum How Disease Disease How Spreads? Amravati: Why 24x7 Initiative? In an Intermittent System Dirt Dirt Empty Pipeline VacuumWater Kills (1992) 470 cases of 29 people 1200 cases diarrhea died of of Cholera annually Cholera Amravati: Why 24x7 Initiative? Infant Mortality Ratio: India India =48, Amravati= 26.9 Burma Bangladesh Madagascar Kenya Haiti Lesotho Cambodia Laos Western Sahara Guinea Burundi Comoros Pakistan Cote d'Ivoire Tanzania Gambia, The Congo Equatorial Guinea Congo Malawi Nigeria Guinea-Bissau Somalia Niger Angola 0 50 100 150 200 Source: www.indexmundi.com Amravati: Why 24x7 Initiative? Intermittent Most of the cities have Outside Dirt history of proneness to epidemics- hence, this initiative of 24x7 must be taken by the Indian cities. Empty Pipeline Vacuum 24x7 System Dirt Can’t Enter Pressurised Pipeline Convert Intermittent System to 24/7 Water Supply System Short Term: Four zones- To Convert Entire City: Arjun Nagar, Sai Intermittent Into 24x7 Nagar, HSR, Water Supply Continuous of Amravati Water Supply and abc City into 24x7 system Where this initiative practiced? HSR Legend: ESR No. of Zones=16 Where this initiative practiced? Arjun Nagar Zone Population Properties Connectins Demand HSR (MLD) Arjun Nagar 20686 4433 1421 2.96 Sai Nagar 13798 3118 1950 1.44 HSR 27381 5418 4570 2.55 Maya Nagar 39901 8809 5101 5.02 Legend: Total 1,01,766 21,778 13,042 10.97 ESR Sai Nagar Maya Nagar Rehabilitation of GIS network 5 Important Measures Rehabilitation Hyd. Model of network Redu- ction Technical Pressure Management of DMA NRW Leakage Management Intermi -ttent Metering Bulk + System Consumer O&M to Organization Sustain 24x7 24x7 Volumetric System Commercial Pricing Management Policy Contracts Budget Adequate Intermittent Supply System Basic principle Base Drawing .Save water by plugging leaks. Prepare Hydraulic Model .The saved water is then used to increase the supply Scenario of zones and DMAs hours. Install meters and PRVs Water Audit Tackle leakiest DMA Leak repair, Rehabilitate pipes All DMAs N tackled? Tackle all DMAs Y 24x7 Continuous Supply System Improve GIS Mapping Efficiency and sustainable ULB Consumer Survey Hydraulic Modeling Reform DMA Methodology Agenda for 24/7 Water Water Audit Pressure Management Energy Audit Computerized Billing and Collection System What is Role of Geographic Information System (GIS)? Captures Stores System GIS Analyzes Data: Manages Linked to Location Presents Role of GIS in Amravati 24x7 Water Supply GIS Digital map Consumers: Geo Coding Road network and Illegal connections properties Zones and DMAs Demand allocation Technical Innovation: 3D Stereo Paired Satellite Image of Amravati Digital Globe Satellite: . Pan sharpened . 0.5 m Resolution Technical Innovation: Principle of 3D Stereo Pair Satellite Image Stereo 1 Convergence Angle Stereo 2 Technical Innovation: Sai Nagar- Derived contours 60% Overlap Why Contours? . To give levels to nodes of distribution pipe network, . Pressure management- to keep minimum leakages Technical Innovation: Sai Nagar- Derived contours How is Level given to Node? . Using advance feature of Trax, Technical Innovation: Sai Nagar- Derived contours Technical Innovation: 3D Satellite Image 335 335 Derived Accurate Contours Level to Nodes of Pipe Network Simulation of Flow and Pressures Why Require Digitized Image? • Consumes large • Takes less memory memory • Easily used as backdrop • Not possible to use as drawing backdrop drawing Raster Image Vector Image Technical Innovation: Application of GIS Number of Wards=81 Number of Zones=16 with Pipe Network Technical Innovation: Application of GIS and RDBMS in Consumer Survey Team for consumer survey at work Aim Identify illegal connections Know number of inhabitants in each property Allocation of demand using CPHEEO guidelines . Properties = 1,31,723 lakhs properties . Water connections = 62,338. Category of each customer for tariff design Technical Innovation: Application of GIS and RDBMS in Consumer Survey 1 2 3 4 A B Sai Nagar Zone C D Technical Innovation: Application of GIS and RDBMS in Consumer Survey