The Kings and Queens of Canada: The Crown in The Canadian Royal Family History HENRY VII (1457–1509). Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) crossed the Atlantic Ocean and explored the Charles d’Orléans, Comte d’Angoulême coast of Newfoundland in 1497. (1459–1496). Marguerite de Navarre (1492–1549). HENRY VIII (1491–1547). Married Henri II, King of Navarre. Wrote FRANÇOIS I (1494–1547). Margaret Tudor Commissioned John Rut to a collection of short stories, including Patron and sponsor of Verrazzano’s voyage (1489–1541). command a Northwest passage one based on the life of Marguerite to Newfoundland in 1524. Sent Cartier Married James IV, expedition in 1527. Rut explored de La Rocque de Robertval, who was to explore the St. Lawrence River in 1534 King of Scots the coast of Labrador in 1527. abandoned on an island off the and sent Roberval to settle Canada in 1541. (1503). coast of Québec. HENRI II (1519–1559). EDWARD VI (1537–1553). MARY I (1516–1558). ELIZABETH I, “The Virgin Jeanne II, André de Thevet, the Married Philip II of Spain, Queen” (1533–1603). James V, reine de Navarre first historian to describe ruler of the Spanish Empire Financed the first voyage of King of Scots (1528–1572). America, was appointed in North and South America. Sir Martin Frobisher in 1576. (1512–1542). Married Antoine royal cosmographer during Mary became the first female In 1578, Sir Humphrey Gilbert de Bourbon. Henri II reign and served four monarch of Canada to obtained letters-patent from consecutive French kings. reign in her own right Queen Elizabeth, empowering (Queen Regnant). him to discover and possess any lands in North America then unsettled. CHARLES IX (1550–1574). HENRI III (1551–1589). Philip II of Spain HENRI IV, “The Great” (1553–1610). Attempted to establish a Encouraged the exploration (1527–1598). Ruler of the Patron of Pierre Du Gua de Monts settlement in Florida in and development of New Mary, Spanish Empire in North Henry Stuart 1562 and 1565. World territories. Appointed François II (1544–1560). Queen of Scots and South America. and Samuel de Champlain’s voyages (1545–1567). to North America. Authorized the founding Troillus des Mesgoüets as Married Mary, Queen of Scots (1558). (1542–1587). of Québec in 1608. Viceroy of Canada in 1578. Granted Jacques Noël, Jacques Cartier’s nephew, privileged rights to fishing, fur trading, and mining in New France. JAMES I (1566–1625). King of Scotland, and of England and Ireland in 1603. Began English colonization of North America and founded Cuper’s Cove, Newfoundland, in 1610. Laid foundations of the British Empire from which Canada derived common law and constitutional structure. Ana Ana María Mauricia LOUIS XIII, “The Just” (1601–1643). de Austria y Austria (1601–1666). CHARLES I, “The Martyr” Henrietta Maria of France (1609–1669). Organised the development and Queen consort of France and Navarre, (1600–1649). Patron of George Queen consort of England, Scotland, st Elizabeth Stuart, administration of New France, expanding regent for her son, Louis XIV of France, Calvert, 1 Baron Baltimore, Henry Frederick Stuart, Prince of Wales and Ireland as the wife of King Charles I. Namesake th “The Winter Queen,” its settlements westward along the Saint 1643–1651. She chose to empower 8 Proprietary Governor of (1594–1612). Patron of Sir Thomas Button’s of the British colony of Maryland, established (1596-1662). Lawrence River from Québec City to a new company, the Community Newfoundland who established Hudson Bay expedition of 1612–1613. in 1632, and of Cape Henrietta Maria, located Married Frederick V. Montréal. of Habitants of New France, with a the first sustained English in Hudson’s Bay, Ontario. monopoly on the fur trade and the settlement in Avalon, Newfoundland. privilege of granting land claims. Mary, LOUIS XIV, “The Sun King” CHARLES II, “The Merrie Monarch” JAMES II (1633–1701). Namesake Sophia of the Rupert, Count of the Rhine, Duke Princess Royal (1638–1715). Created New France (1630–1685). Granted a trade of the Albany River in Northern Palatinate, Electress of Cumberland (1619–1682). (1631–1660). as a royal province in 1663 and Philippe I, monopoly over “Rupert’s Land” Ontario. Became Governor of the Princess Henrietta of Hanover, Namesake of Rupert’s Land, the largest Was the first reformed the colonial government. Duc d’Orléans to the Hudson’s Bay Company by Hudson’s Bay Company in 1683. of England Heiress Presumptive territory in British North America, daughter of a British Dispatched the filles du roi to New (1640–1701). royal charter in 1670 and named (1644–1670). (1630–1714). which encompassed Manitoba, parts of sovereign to hold France; appointed Jean Talon as the the territory Rupert’s Land, after Daughter of Elizabeth Saskatchewan, Alberta, Nunavut, Ontario, the title “Princess colony’s first active intendant and his cousin Prince Rupert of the “The Winter Queen”. Quebec, and parts of the United States. Royal.” Frontenac as Governor of New France. Rhine, the company’s first Governor. Founder and first Governor of the Hudson’s Bay Company (1670–1682). Philippe II, Duc d’Orléans ANNE (1665–1714). Namesake MARY II (1662–1694). William III (1694–1702). (1674–1723). Charles Lennox, of various Canadian geographic Married William III (1677). Joint ruler with his wife, Mary II, Duke of Richmond GEORGE I (1660–1727). Acted as Regent for features, including Annapolis James Stuart, and alone after her death. He and Duke of Lennox Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, Louis de France, Louis XV, 1715–1723. Royal in Nova Scotia. Held “The Old Pretender” appointed commissioners to (1672–1723). was named after his family line. “Le Grand Dauphin” Commissioned audience with the Four Mohawk (1688-1766) promote trade in the American (1661–1711). Pierre François Illegitimate son Kings of the Six Nations in 1710. plantations and elsewhere. Xavier de Charlevoix of Charles II. Queen Anne’s War (1702–1713) to survey the historic ended with the French cession boundaries of of Hudson’s Bay, Acadia, Acadia, newly lost and Newfoundland to Britain. to the British. Charlevoix travelled across North America Charles Lennox, GEORGE II (1683–1760). between 1720 and nd Ordered the construction of Louis de France, 2 Duke of 1722, and kept a Halifax in 1749 and was the “Le Petit Dauphin” Richmond and record of the entire nd Royal Founder of St. Paul’s Church (1682–1712). 2 Duke of Lennox voyage. In 1744 (1701–1750). in downtown Halifax. he published “History Charles Stuart, Henry Stuart, of New France.” “The Young Pretender” Cardinal “Bonnie Duke of York Prince Charlie” (1725–1807). LOUIS XV, “The Well-Beloved” (1710– (1720–1788). 1774). During his reign, Louisbourg was Charles Lennox, founded (1720) and Pierre Gaultier de 3rd Duke of General Lord Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye helped Richmond and 3rd George Lennox Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales (1707–1751). to expand New France’s fur trade by Duke of Lennox (1737–1805). Fort Frederick Kingston, Ontario and of establishing various posts west of Quebec. (1735–1806). Fought in the Seven Fort Frederick in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Under the Treaty of Paris, France ceded Namesake of Years’ War. were named after him. sovereignty over Canada to Britain Lennox, Ontario. at the end of the Seven Years War. Louis, Dauphin de th GEORGE III (1738–1820). The first sovereign France (1729–1765). Charles Lennox, 4 Duke of Richmond and 4th Duke of Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1744 –1818). to reign over all of Canada due to the Royal Son of Louis XV; Queen Consort Namesake of the Queen Charlotte Proclamation of 1763; significantly impacted Crown Dauphin from Lennox (1764–1819). In 1818 he was appointed Governor Islands in British Columbia (present Haida Gwaii). and Aboriginal peoples’ relationship for centuries. 1729 to 1765. General Namesake of Charlottetown, Prince Edward Granted a royal charter to Saint John, New Brunswick Namesake of of British North America. Island (1865), the “Birthplace of Confederation” in 1785; New Brunswick was named after his family Dauphin, Manitoba, and site of the 1864 Charlottetown Conference. line (1784). established in 1741. Frederick, Duke Prince Edward, GEORGE IV (1762–1830). Granted WILLIAM IV (1765–1837). First member of the Royal Duke of Kent and Lady Mary Lennox (1792–1847). Lady Sarah Lennox of York and Albany Prince Adolphus, Charles Lennox, 5th Duke Lord William Pitt Lennox a royal charter in 1827 for the Family to visit Canada. Travelled extensively through Strathearn (1767– Ernest, Duke of Married Sir Charles Augutus Fitzroy, (1792–1873). (1763–1827). Duke of Cambridge of Richmond and 5th Duke (1799–1881). Served as establishment of a university in Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland as a captain 1820). Commander- Cumberland and Prince Augustus who travelled to Lower Canada Married Sir Peregrine Maitland, Namesake of (1774–1850). of Lennox (1791–1860). aide-de-camp to the 4th Upper Canada, King’s College in the Royal Navy 1786–1787. His 1832 Great Reform in-Chief of British Teviotdale Frederick, with the 4th Duke of Richmond who served as Lieutenant- Fredericton, Namesake of Responsible for establishing Duke of Richmond, Governor (present University of Toronto). Act significantly impacted Canada’s electoral system. forces in North (1771– 1851). Duke of Sussex in 1818. Fitzroy was appointed Governor of Upper Canada New Brunswick Adolphustown, the Military General Service General of British North In 1814 the then Prince Regent America in 1799. Namesake of what (1773– 1843). as the 11th Governor of 1818–1828 and of Nova Scotia (1785). The Duke of located in Greater Medal in 1847. America 1818–1819. signed and ratified the Treaty of He was the first was Cumberland, Prince Edward Island in 1837. 1828–1834. York Bay was named Napanee, Ontario. Ghent, ending the War of 1812.