12_Nations.txt 3/25/2010 The most famous ruler of this country won the Battle of Velbuzd in 1330 and married a princess of the nation defeated there, Helen. Theodore Metochites arranged the marriage of the five-year-old princess Simonis to one ruler of this country. One ruler of this country changed his title after capturing Serres, and a despot of Serres, John Ugljesa (oog-lye- sha), joined his brother in defeat at the battle of Chernomen. That leader, Vukashin, had a son who died at the battle of Rovine while allied with Mircea (meer-chuh) the Old of Wallachia. The most famous ruler of this land had the sobriquet "Silni," promulgated the Zakonik and allied with the Byzantine pretender John Cantacuzenus before conquering Albania and Macedonia. That king was succeeded by his son Urosh, and himself succeeded his father Milutin. Famously ruled by Stefan Dushan, under prince Lazar Hrebeljanovic it would suffer defeat by the Ottomans at the field of Kosovo. FTP, name this country whose modern day capital is Belgrade. Answer: Serbia (08Terrapin) This kingdom broke the treaty of Tudilen when its king James I conquered Caudete and Villena. This kingdom was founded by the son of Sancho the Great, Ramiro I, who added to it the counties of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza. In 1591, Felipe II invaded this kingdom so as to suppress a revolt there. Alfonso V of this kingdom conquered Naples and Sardinia in the 15th century, and Alfonso I conquered Zaragoza, which became its capital. Its fueros were abolished by the Nueva Planta decrees of Philip V, as punishment for siding with Charles VI in the War of the Spanish Succession. This kingdom was joined with Catalonia and gained control of Navarre before the marriage of its king Ferdinand II to Isabella united this kingdom with Castile. For 10 points, name this Spanish kingdom, the homeland of Henry VIII's first wife. Answer: Aragon (08CC) Mikhail Tukhachevsky and Semyon Budyonny saw defeat near this city, for which a code-breaking lieutenant was awarded the Virtuti Militari. The KOR movement started after a brutally ended strike in this city's district of Ursus, and the largest single massacre in the country this city is in happened in its district of Wola. Grigoriy Rosen assisted Hans von Diebitsch in a battle fought on the outskirts of this city, which saw the storming of the Belweder Palace in the prelude to the November Uprising centered here. The Henrician Articles included the articles of the namesake Confederation of this city, which was the center of the Congress Kingdom, the bulk of an entity created as part of the Treaty of Tilsit by Napoleon Bonaparte, its namesake Grand Duchy. Also home to the Sejm parliament of its home country, it was the namesake of an organization which included Albania, Romania, and the U.S.S.R. For 10 points, name this city that saw the best known Jewish Ghetto uprising in World War 2, the capital of Poland. Answer: Warsaw [or Warszawa] (08CC) One political movement in this country grew out of the Kokoomus Party and took its name from a town where a communist rally was broken up. The fascist Lapua Movement exploited sentiments similar to this country’s earlier Fennoman movement. Edwin Linkomies and Antti Hackzell acted as its prime minsters, and in 1918, prince Frederick Charles of Hesse was elected as its king - though he never got to reign. During this country’s most famous conflicts it was led by Risko Ryti, who was succeeded as president by the man who revived and reinforced the Enckell line, which was subsequently known by his name, Mannerheim. This country’s Karelia region was the source of two conflicts with its neighbor Russia. For 10 points, identify this northern European country that fought in the Winter and Continuation Wars. Answer: Finland (08CC) Robert Rothschild helped draft the 1957 Treaties of Rome as a diplomat of this nation, which was the home of “school war” as subsidies were increased for private institutions between 1950 and 195** The Ten Days Campaign was an attempt to suppress the independence movement in this nation, which was also the home of a 1966 coal mine strike. Baudouin refused to give Royal Assent to the liberalization of this nation’s abortion laws in 1990, while Martens led the Christian Democrat-Liberal coalition as prime minister here. This nation’s power over the Congo Free State was attributed to Leopold II, while this nation was invaded by Germany during its advance on France in World War I. FTP, name this nation whose deaths at Ypres were memorialized in “In Flanders Fields”. 1 12_Nations.txt 3/25/2010 Answer: Belgium (09EFT) The earliest records of this polity are indicative of military successes for its ruler Cynric and his successor Ceawlin, and one ruler of this polity was the subject of a biography by Asser. The land controlled by this polity was reduced when Cynegils lost the provinces of Hwicce to Penda, and centuries later this polity would throw off the control of a neighboring kingdom when its ruler Egbert defeated Beornwulf. Archbishop Dunstan advised another ruler of this kingdom, Edgar, who absorbed the Danelaw, but the most famous ruler of this polity won the Battle of Edington over the Danes and signed the treaty of Wedmore with them, thereby establishing control over southern England. For ten points, identify this Saxon kingdom of pre-Norman England which coexisted with Mercia and Northumbria and was famously ruled by Alfred the Great. Answer: Wessex (09EFT) One non-Mozart composer from this country used Twinkle Twinkle Little Star as the basis for a work subtitled “For the enjoyment of humorous people and for the annoyance of others,” his Variations on a Nursery Tune, and also created the comic opera, Aunt Simona. Another of this country's composers experimented with rhythm syllables, a moveable- do system, and some namesake hand signals to develop with Jeno Adam a musical education program that was later applied to this country's schools. That man's own musical contributions include the Laudes Organi, the Peacock Variations, and an opera beginning with a “musical sneeze” that sees a series of stories vibrantly related by a (*) cavalrymen who single-handedly vanquishes Napoleon. One composer from this nation created for his favored student Sophie Menter a piano concerto “in the style of” this country, and was inspired by Mazeppa in the fourth of his Transcendental Etudes. Producing the composer of Hary Janos, Zoltan Kodaly, FTP, identify this European country, home to Erno Dohnanyi, Franz Liszt, and Bela Bartok. Answer: Hungary (TXTerrapin) This empire won at Ridanieh, but lost at Vaslui. Its admirals included one nicknamed “Red Beard,” the nemesis of Andrea Dorea. The “Auspicious Incident” preceded its reforms, including the Tanzimat and a constitution reiterating its ruler’s claim to spiritual authority over followers of his religion. The target of rebellions by Ypsilanti and Skanderbeg, it levied the devshirmeh, a tax paid in Christian babies. Its decline was the subject of the Congress of Berlin, where it was called the “Sick Man of Europe.” FTP, name this loser of World War I based in Istanbul. Answer: Ottoman Empire (prompt on the Sublime Porte or the Turk or the Great Turk or Turkey) (08HFT) This country’s forces won the 1920 Battle of Maysalun, but were targeted in a 1925-1927 revolt against its possession of territory promised to it by Mark Sykes. It signed the 1962 Evian agreements, which accepted the independence of a country led by Ahmed Ben Bella that it had conquered in 1930. This country’s earlier defeats in the Middle East included the Battle of the Nile, won by Horatio Nelson, and the 1954 Battle of Algiers. FTP, identify this country that colonized Syria, Morocco, Lebanon, and Algeria. Answer: France (08HFT) Men fired from this entity included John Paton Davies, John Carter Vincent, and John Stewart Service, but no one ever identified all 205 of its employees who were mentioned in a speech in Wheeling, West Virginia. Dean Acheson defended the “China Hands” who had worked under him at this entity, but their resignation was demanded by John Foster Dulles. Joe McCarthy never produced a complete list of communist sympathizers in, FTP, what US department that has also been headed by Cordell Hull, George Marshall, Henry Kissinger, and Madeleine Albright? Answer: United States State Department (08HFT) One of this city’s mayors, Karl Lueger, famously declared that it was up to him to define who was Jewish, and this city was the capital of Patriotic Front leader Englebert Dolfuss before his assassination. Its most iconic building is the reconstructed St. Stephen’s Cathedral, while the Tiergarten contains the world’s oldest zoo and is part of its Schonbrunn Palace, seat of government for such men as Franz Josef I and Klemens Von Metternich. FTP, identify this city on the 2 12_Nations.txt 3/25/2010 Danube and namesake of an 1815 Congress that is now the capital of Austria. Answer: Vienna (accept Wien) (08HFT) This country fought against American troops at Raisin River and Lundy’s Lane, and it agreed in the 1871 Washington Treaty to submit to arbitration regarding a ship built at Birkenhead in 186** This country agreed with the US not to colonize the Mosquito Coast in a treaty later superseded by the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty. This loser at Horseshoe Bend ended a boundary dispute in the Webster-Ashburton Treaty and agreed to demilitarize the Great Lakes in the Rush- Bagot Treaty. FTP, name this European country that signed Jay’s Treaty and the Treaty of Ghent.