1+ Periodic Table for Mantle Geochemistry inert 1 2 H e H helium hydrogen highly highly U 3 He U 2+ incompatible compatible compatible 3+ 4+ 5+ 2- 1- Th 3 0.77 4 0.44 6 7 8 1.32 9 1.33 10 5 C N F N e Li Be B carbon oxygenO neon concentrated concentrated boron nitrogen florine lithium beryllium in crust, OIB concentrated in MORB in mantle 14 U 10 C 14 22Ne U 10 Be 14 C Th Be 1.5M 10Be (5.7K) C ? 58% Th 11 0.98 12 0.72 13 0.58 14 0.39 15 0.35 16 1.74 17 1.81 18 A r Na Mg Element compatibility during pressure-release melting A l S i P S C l argon sodium magnesium aluminum silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine 3+ 36Ar K 0.15% 20.4% 4+ 1.8% ? 16% ? K 19 1.37 20 1.06 21 0.75 22 0.62 23 0.62 24 0.6 25 0.82 26 2+, .71 27 0.75 28 0.67 29 0.75 30 0.95 31 0.6 32 33 34 35 1.96 36 K 3 + 3+ 2+ 3+, .55 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 3+ potassium G e A s S e B r K r C a S c T i V C o N i C u Z n G a 40K-0.1140Ar calcium scandium titanium C r M n F e nickel germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton 40 vandium chromium manganese iron cobalt copper zinc gallium 0.89 Ca K (1.256) 0.94% K 0.063% 4+. 5+ 0.11% 0.029% 2.4% 0.055% 37 1.53 38 1.17 39 0.90 40 0.72 41 0.64 42 43 44 0.62 45 0.66 46 0.76 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 2.2 54 Rb Sr Z r 5 + 4+ 3+ 3+ In S n S b T e I X e Y zirconium M o R h Pd A g C d iodine xenon rubidium strontium yttrium N b R u cadmium indium tin antimony tellenium 129I-- 87 87 niobium molybdenum ruthenium rhodium palladium silver 130 I,U Rb-- Sr 129Xe Xe IU 86 Pu (48.8G) Sr Rb (16M) Pu 55 1.75 56 1.35 57 1.16 72 0.76 7 0.64 74 75 76 0.63 77 0.68 78 0.63 79 0.67 80 81 82 2+, 1.2 83 84 85 86 3 5+ O s 4 + 3+ 4+ 3+ 4+, 0.9 C s B a L a H f W R e osmium P t H g T l B i P o A t R n cesium barium hafnium Ta tungsten rhenium I r platinum A u thallium P b bismuth polonium astatine radon lanthanum 187 187 lithium Re iridium gold mercury U tantalum Re- Os 188 Os Re 190 Pt- 186 Os lead U 177 Lu Pt Th Hf (42G) Pt (880G) ? 204 PbTh 87 88 88 R a F r radium A c 58 1.14 59 1.13 60 1.11 61 62 1.08 63 2+, 1.25 64 1.05 65 1.04 66 1.03 67 1.02 68 1.0 69 0.99 70 0.99 71 0.98 226Ra (1.6K) actinium 3+, 1.08 francium 228 C e P r N d S m G d T b D y H o E r T m Y b Lu Ra (5.8y) 3+ cerium praseo- neodymium lutetium samarium E u gadolinium terbium dysprosium Holmium erbium thulium ytterbium Th dynium 176Lu-- 144Nd europium Sm 176Hf (35G) concentrated in core Rare Earth Elements (Lanthanide Series) concentrated in exosphere 90 1.05 91 92 U 4+, 0.95 93 94 Th 4+ Pa 6+, 0.9 Pu uranium plutonium isotope decay halflife: thorium protactinium 235 207 4 U-- Pb, 7 He (0.7G) 244 131 132 134 232Th--208Pb, 64He (14G) 231Pa (34K) 238 206 4 131 Pu-- Xe, Xe, Xe, y = years U-- Pb, 8 He, Xe 136 230 Xe (82M) K = 103 years Th (75K) U U 132Xe, 134Xe, 136Xe (4.55G) M = 106 years Actinide Series G = 109 years atomic # MAJOR ELEMENT COMPOSITION 1 Mantle: Na0.02 Ca0.08 Al0.10 Fe0.14 Mg1.2 SiO3.6 Abbreviations (in table, mantle major element abundances are given in atom-%) 90 1.05 corresponding ionic radius (A) crust = continental crust Th 4+ common silicate valence 2 MORB: Na0.08 Ca0.28 Al0.39 Fe0.13 Mg0.3 SiO3.4 MORB = mid-ocean ridge basalt thorium 3 OIB = ocean-island basalt Crust: Na0.10 Ca0.12 Al0.32 Fe0.09 Mg0.11 SiO2.9 isotope decay 232Th--208Pb, 64He (14G) daughter(s) 1. LOSIMAG compositional model----Hart and Zindler, Chem. Geol., 57, 247-267, 1986 sequence 230 2. 'Promative MORB composition-----Green et al., 1979 Th (75K) U parent(s) 3. Rudnick and Fountain, Nature and composition of the continental crust---A lower crustal perspective, Rev. GEophys., 33, 267-309, 1979 .