ljB't VIDYUT cw{jflif{s klqsf jif{ @# c+s ! @)^( efb| ;+/Ifs k|sfzg÷Joj:yfkg >L 8f]ngfy s8]n >L /fhgk|;fb sf]O/fnf >L dft[sf k|;fb kf]v/]n >L zf]ef yfkf >L dx]Gb|nfn >]i7 >L rGb|nIdL af/fxL sf=d' sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs ;Nnfxsf/ >L l/df 1jfnL >L afFr s'df/L /fO{ >L ab|Lgfy /f]sf k|sfzs sf=d'= pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs ;Dkfbs ;ldlt g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f hg;Dks{ tyf u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg df]xg s[i0f pk|]tL z]/l;+x ef6 zfvf b/jf/dfu{ sf7df8f}+ kmf]g g+= $!%#)@! cfGtl/s M @))@, @))# km\ofS; g+= M $!%#)@@ l;l4 axfb'/ zfx uf]s0f{ zdf{ E-mail: [email protected] ;Hhf Clif uf}td 6r lqmP;g k|f=ln= lzj k|;fb cfrfo{ t'nf/fd lu/L afuahf/ sf7df8f}+ kmf]g M )!–$@!%$$* d'b|s lul/w/ lk|lG6· k|]; uf];fO{ s]=;L sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs k'tnL;8s, sf7df8f}+ z'esfdgf ;Gb]z Û g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fsf] @&cf}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf] ;'vb Pj+ P]ltxfl;s z'e cj;/df pmhf{ ljsf;;Fu ;DjlGwt gLlt lgdf{tf Pj+ sfof{Gjog stf{, :jb]zL / lab]zL nufgLstf{, g]=lj=k|f=;Da4 Joj:yfks, sd{rf/Lx?, k]zfut ;+3÷;+u7gx?, cfd pkef]Qmf Pj+ g]kfnL gful/s, gful/s ;dfh / o; ;+:yfsf z'e lrGts tyf z'e]R5's :jb]zL / ljb]zL ;+3÷;+:yf, ;/sf/ Pj+ JolQmdf o; cw{jflif{s æljB'tÆ klqsf dfkm{t xflb{s z'e sfdgf JoQm ub{5' . g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f g]kfnsf] ;a} eGbf 7"nf] ljsf;sf] k"jf{wf/ æpmhf{Æ cfk"lt{ ug]{ s[oflzn ;fj{hlgs ;+:yf /x]sf] s'/f ;a}df ljlbt} /x]sf]5 . l;ldt ;|f]t ;fwgsf afjh'b ljut s]xL jif{b]lv lg/Gt/ 3f6f ;x]/ klg g]kfnsf &$ lhNnfdf ;]jf k'¥ofO{/x]sf] o; ;+:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;~rfng ug{' cfhsf] r'gf}lt /x]sf]5 . ljB't k|flws/0fn] lghL ljB't pTkfbs sDkgL tyf ef/taf6 vl/b ul/g] pmhf{sf] d"No pRr /xg', l8h]naf6 pTkflbt ljB'tsf] nfut cToflws /xg', ljut !)÷!! jif{ b]lv ljB't dxz'ndf ;d;fdlos ;dfof]hg gx'g', a9\bf] ahf/ d"No tyf d'b|f l:kmltsf sf/0f dd{t ;Def/ vr{ tyf k|zf;lgs vr{df a[l4 e} /xg', ;Sbf] k|of;sf afjh'b klg ljB't r'xfj6nfO{ jfl~5t ;Ldf leq Nofpg g;Sg' h:tf sf/0fn] ljut #÷$ jif{ b]lv lg/Gt/ ljQLo 3f6f Joxf]/L /x]sf] 5 eg] pmhf{ If]qdf ;fj{hlgs, :jb]zL lghL / ljb]zL nufgLdf a[l4 x'g g;s]sf]n] ljB'tsf] dfu cg';f/ cfk"lt{ Joj:yf ldnfpg g;Sbf nf]8;]l8Ësf] cj:yf ljBdfg /xL pBf]u, Jofkf/, Joj;fo, ;]jf If]q nufot ;j{;fwf/0fdf gs/fTds k|efj kg{ uPsf] 5 ;fy} ljB't lat/0f;Fu ;DjlGwt u|fxssf u'gf;f] / ;'emfjx?nfO{ ;d]t k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;Daf]wg ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf of]hgf d'tfljssf pTkfbg, k|zf/0f tyf ljt/0f cfof]hgfx? tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;DkGg ug{ zflGt ;'/Iffsf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg, /fhg}lts ;xdtL / ;xsfo{, ljB't dxz'ndf ;d;fdlos a[l4, Joj:yfksLo :jtGqtf / nrstf, ;+u7gfTds ;'b[9Ls/0f, 6«]8 o'lgog Joj:yfkg h:tf ljifodf ;DjlGwt ;a} If]qsf] Tofu, k|lta4tf, lqmoflzntf / ;xsfo{sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg] s'/fdf ljdtL /fVg ;lsGg . ljB't klqsfn] ljut b]lvg} pmhf{ ljsf; / g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0faf6 ;Dkfbg x'g] lqmofsnfk;Fu ;DjlGwt ljljw cfofdx?df vf]hd'ns, 1fgj4{s, ;"rgfd"ns cflb ;[hgfTds ;fdu|Lx? o;sf kf7s;fd' k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf]df cfufdL lbgx?df ;d]t ;f]xL lsl;dsf ;fdu|Lx? k|sflzt u/L pmhf{ ljsf;sf nflu lqmofl;n ;f]wstf{, cWoog / cWofkgstf{ tyf o;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fusf] ;DaGw k|uf9 kfg{ ;kmntf ldnf]; eGg] z'e sfdgf JoQm ub{5' . o; klqsf k|sfzgdf ;+nUg ;Dkfbs ;d"x nufot k|sfzg Joj:yfkgdf k|ToIf / ck|ToIf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g] ;Dk"0f{ ;xof]uL sd{rf/L tyf ;Da4kIf ;a}df xflb{s wGojfb JoQm ub{5' . wGojfb Û dx]Gb|nfn >]i7 sf=d'= sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f ;DkfbsLo g]kfn lJfB't k|flws/0fsf] @& cf}+ jflif{sf]T;a ;df/f]xdf k|sflzt …ljB'tÚ cw{jflif{s klqsf oxfFx?sf] xftdf 5 . h;n] @@ jif{ k'/f u/L @# cf}+ jif{ k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . hnljB'tsf] Oltxf;df lj=;+ !(^* b]lv @)^* ;Dddf !)) jif{ k"/f ul/;s]sf] Oltxf;df ztjflif{sL ;d]t dgfO;s]sf 5f}+ . ljB't k|flws/0f :yfkgfb]lv cgj/t lJfB't ljsf;df nfUbf klg pTkflbt h8Lt Ifdtf &)% d]ufjf6df l;dLt x'g k'u]sf] 5 . o; jif{ sl/a !# d]ufjf6 ljB't yk ePsf] 5 eg] lgs6 eljiodf $&=#^ d]ufjf6 ljB't lghL If]qaf6 ylkg] cfzf 5 . t/ …ljB'tÚ sf] cefj / nf]8 ;]l8Ëaf6 d'Qm x'g ;s]]sf] 5}g eGg'kbf{ b'Mv nflu/x]sf]] 5 . lgdf{0fflwg rd]lnof h=lj= #) d]=jf=, s'n]vfgL t]>f] h=lj= !$ d]=jf=, /fx'3f6 h=lj= #) d]=jf=, lqz'nL #A ^) d]=jf= cflb g]=lj=k|f=af6 lgdf{0fflwg 5g\ eg] dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL $%^ d]=jf=, dflyNnf] ;]tL !@* d]=jf=, lqz'nL # aL #& d]=jf= a'l9u08sL hnfzoo'Qm ^)) d]=jf= tyf lrnLd] h=lj=s+= cGtu{tsf /;'jfu9L !!! d]=jf=, ck/ ;fGh]g !$ d]=jf= tyf ;fGh]g tNnf] $@ d]=jf=, dWo ef]6]sf]zL !)# d]=jf= u/L @&) d]=jf= lgdf{0fdf uO{/x]sf] 5 . lghL pTkfbsx?sf] ;+Vof 5f]8]/ klg lo pNn]vLt hnljB'taf6 ;d]t ;dodf ljB't pTkfbg x'g ;s]df lJfB'tsf] cefj jf nf]8;]l8Ëaf6 d"lQm gxf]nf eGg ;lsGg . o;} u/L k|zf/0f nfOgx?sf] lgdf{0fsf] nflu lgs6 eljiodf k|zf/0f nfOg lgdf{0f sDkgLsf] :yfkgf x'g uO{/x]sf] 5 . o; sDkgLsf] lgdf{0faf6 l56f] tyf sd nfutdf !#@ s]=le=P=, @@) s]=le=P= / $$) s]=le=P ;d]tsf k|zf/0f nfOgx? lgdf{0f eO{ g]kfndf pTkflbt ljB't ljb]zdf ;d]t lgof{t ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . phf{sf] ljsf;n] b]zsf] ;du| cfly{s ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g] s'/fdf lådt x'g ;Sb}g o;y{ g]kfn ;/sf/, phf{ dGqfnon] hnljB't nufgL tyf ljsf; sDkgL :yfkgf u/L 7"nf tyf demf}nf hnljB't sDkgLnfO{ C0f pknAw u/fO 7"nf tyf demf}nf hn ljB't cfof]hgfsf] ljsf; u/L phf{ ljsf;df yk ;xof]u pknAw u/fO cfPsf] 5 . nufgL af]8{sf] :yfkgfn] 7"nf hnljB't cfof]hgfnfO{ C0f ;xof]u pknAw u/fO{ cfly{s cefj x'g glbg] nIo lnPsf] 5 . o; k|sf/ b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sg] phf{ ljsf;df ;a} If]qaf6 ;xof]u eO{/x]sf] 5 eGg'df cTo"lQm gxf]nf . cGTodf ljB't klqsfdf cfˆgf cd"No n]v, /rgfx? k7fO{ ;xof]u ug'{x'g] n]vs tyf kf7sx?nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . ;fy} cfufdL æljB'tÆ df n]v /rgfx? k|sfzg ug{ O{R5's, n]vs, /rgfsf/x?n] cfˆgf] cd"No :tl/o n]v, cg';GwfgfTds /rgfx? ;dodf g} k7fO{ ;xof]u u/L lbg'x'g ;d]t o;} ljB't klqsf dfkm{t cg'/f]w ub{5' . …ljB'tÚ k|sfzgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g] ;Dkfbsd08n, n]vs tyf cGo ;xof]uL ;a} wGoafbsf kfq x'g'x'G5 . ljifo–;"rL qm=;+=n]v /rgfsf] lzif{sn]vssf] gfd k]h g+= 1 sl7g aGb}5 ljB'tu[xsf] ;+rfng df]xg s[i0f pk|]tL 1 2 ljB't vl/b ;Demf}tf -lk=lk=P_ z]/l;+x ef6 6 3 cf Û uduf8 t uduf8 g} kf] /} 5 Û lxt]Gb| b]j zfSo 11 4 g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f hUuf hldg cltqmd0f, eujtL k|;fO{F 16 ;+/If0f Pj+ ;b'kof]u 5 ljB't dxz'n ;dfof]hg / o;sf] ;fGble{stf ho/fh e08f/L÷ dxfb]j 19 e§/fO{ 6 ljt/0f tyf u|fxs ;]jfsf k|d'v r'gf}tL / d'lgGb| 7fs'/ 22 ;dfwfgsf kxnx¿ 7 k|;f/0f nfO{gsf] lgdf{0f–tflnsf tyf o;nfO{ k|efj ;'efif s'df/ ld> 27 kfg]{ tTjx¿ 8 hnljB'tM cfly{s ljsf;sf] d"n cfwf/ ef]h/fh e§/fO{ 31 9 ;+:yf 3f6fsf sf/s tTjx¿ c+u axfb'/ v8\sf 35 10 tflndsf] ;}4flGts / Aojxfl/s ;jfn ef]nf gfy zdf{ 39 11 l;ldt k|ltof]lutfaf6 sd{rf/L egf{M ;d:of / /fhg k|;fb sf]O/fnf 43 ;dfwfgsf] pkfo Refl ections on the Chomolungma/Everest1 Trail SB Pun 12 47 Whither Hydropower Development in Nepal ? Ram Chandra Pandey 13 56 Implementation of The World Bank-funded Dev Sharma Paudel 14 Transmission Line Project-Environmental and 68 Social Considerations Hydropower Development in Nepal: Opportunities Madhav Prasad Koirala 15 and Challenges 76 Enhancement of Large signal stability using Power Achyut Ghimire 16 System Stabilizers (PSS).