CONTENT SAMPLE Written as per the latest syllabus prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. STD. IX Science and Technology Salient Features Written as per the new textbook Exhaustive coverage of entire syllabus Ample numericals for thorough revision Memory maps provided for revision at a glance ‘Illustrative Examples’ provided for numerical elaboration ‘Reading between the lines’ provided for concept elaboration Chapter-wise assessment with every chapter for knowledge testing Activity demonstration/concept explanation videos included wherever required Includes relevant MCQs and Questions fromCONTENT practical notebook This book comprises of Q.R. Codes at strategic touch points. You can simply scan this Code through your Smartphone camera and get a plethora of subject knowledge at your disposal. The Q.R. Codes included herein would take you to videos that shall provide you a better understanding of ‘Activities’, ‘Experiments’, ‘Projects’ and ‘Try This’ section of the book. We hope students would maximize the use of this book with the aid of these videos. Printed at: Repro India Ltd., Navi Mumbai © Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. NoSAMPLE part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, C.D. ROM/Audio Video Cassettes or electronic, mechanical including photocopying; recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher. Balbharati Registration No.: 2018MH0022 P.O. No. 157500 TEID: 13300 PREFACE While designing the book, our main intention was to create a book that would act as a single point of reference for students. We wanted this book to provide students, the much needed answers for their textual questions as well as build up their knowledge quotient in the process. Science and Technology: Std. IX has been prepared as per the new syllabus and paper pattern which is more child- centric and focuses on active learning along-with making the process of education more enjoyable and interesting. We have infused the book with a liberal sprinkling of real life examples, pictorial explanations and additional questions. Questions titled under 'Use your brain power', 'Can you tell' and a series of 'In-text Questions', pave the way for a robust concept building. Every chapter begins with covering all the textual content in the format of Objectives, Question - Answers, Give Reasons, Numericals, Diagram-based questions, paragraph based questions and a host of other Objective and Subjective type of questions. A detailed thinking process involved in solving numerical problems is explained in step wise manner in ‘Illustrative Examples.’ The solution to these examples is elaboration of the answer of the numerical and not the exact solution expected in examination. The chapter also includes Activity Based Questions that explain certain concepts to students in a point wise manner through the medium of an activity. For the students to grasp a better understanding of the concept lying behind the answer, ‘Reading between the lines’ (not a part of the answer) has been provided wherever necessary. To aid the students in their exam preparation, selected questions from the practical notebook are included. To enhance audio-visual learning, videos showing demonstration of activities / concept explanation are included wherever required. Wherever possible, questions are allotted with marks in accordance with new marking scheme. The question without marks can be modified as per the new marking scheme and asked in examination. Memory maps have been included wherever needed which provides a quick revision of the important topics of a chapter. The chapter eventually ends with a Chapter wise Assessment that stands as a testimony to the fact that the child has understood the chapter thoroughly. Answers to each chapter Assessment can be viewed by scanning the given Q.R. Code. With absolute trust in our work, we hope, our holistic efforts towards making this book an ideal knowledge hub for students pays off. The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think we’ve nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, we’d love to hear from you. Please write to us at: [email protected] A book affects eternity; one can never tell where its influence stops.CONTENT Best of luck to all the aspirants! From, Publisher Edition : Second Gyan Guru (GG) We present to you our very own mascot-'GG'. GG is a student- buddy who pops up throughout the book and draws your attention to important bits of knowledge also termed as 'Good to Know'. This 'Good to Know' section helps you understand a concept distinctly with a corresponding example, which you can relate to easily. This is our initiative that helps to link learning with life, thereby educating the students much more practically. We're hopeful that you will love this initiative. Disclaimer This reference book is transformative work based on ‘Science and Technology; First Reprint:2018’ published by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. We the publishers are making this reference book which constitutes as fair use of textual contents which are transformed by adding and elaborating, with a view to simplify the same to enable the students to understand, memorize and reproduce the same in examinations. SAMPLEThis work is purely inspired upon the course work as prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. Every care has been taken in the publication of this reference book by the Authors while creating the contents. The Authors and the Publishers shall not be responsible for any loss or damages caused to any person on account of errors or omissions which might have crept in or disagreement of any third party on the point of view expressed in the reference book. © reserved with the Publisher for all the contents created by our Authors. No copyright is claimed in the textual contents which are presented as part of fair dealing with a view to provide best supplementary study material for the benefit of students. Contents No. Topic Name Page No. 1. Laws of Motion 1 2. Work and Energy 30 3. Current Electricity 51 4. Measurement of Matter 72 5. Acids, Bases and Salts 100 6. Classification of Plants 127 7. Energy Flow in an Ecosystem 139 8. Useful and Harmful Microbes 153 9. Environmental Management 167 10. Information Communication Technology (ICT) 184 11. Reflection of Light CONTENT193 12. Study of Sound 216 13. Carbon : An Important Element 234 14. Substances in Common Use 251 15. Life Processes in Living Organisms 270 16. Heredity and Variation 292 17. Introduction to Biotechnology 311 18. Observing Space : Telescopes 330 Note: Textual exercise questions are represented by * mark. SAMPLE Textual solved examples are represented by + mark. Practical notebook questions are represented by mark. 6 Classification of Plants 3. Fill in the blanks by selecting the correct Fill in the blanks word from the bracket and complete the given paragraph. [3 Marks] 1. Complete the following statements. (Funaria, Pteridophytes, heterotrophic, [1 Mark each] multicellular, spore, rod, autotrophic, i Multicellular eukaryotic organisms without Marsilea, unicellular, Bryophytes, seed, cell wall belong to kingdom _______. ribbon) _______ are also known as amphibians of ii. Plants are autotrophic because they can plant kingdom. These plants are thalloid, perform _______ with the help of chlorophyll. _______ and _______. They reproduce by iii. Angiosperms are classified as monocots and _______ formation. The plant body of these dicots depending upon the number of _______ plants is flat, _______ like long, without true in seeds. roots, stem and leaves. Example of this group of plants is _______. iv. Marchantia, Riccia and Anthoceros belong to Answer: division _______. Bryophytes are also known as amphibians of plant kingdom. These plants are thalloid, v. Nephrolepis belongs to division _______. multicellular and autotrophic. They vi. Plants belonging to division thallophyta, reproduce by spore formation. The plant body bryophyta and pteridophyta are called _______ of these plants is flat, ribbon like long, as their reproductive organs cannot be seen. without true roots, stem and leaves. Example of this group of plants is Funaria. vii. The plants whose seeds can be divided into two equal halves are called _______ plants. Choose the correct alternative [1 Mark each] Answers: CONTENT i. Animalia ii. photosynthesis 1. Five kingdom classification system was iii. cotyledons iv. Bryophyta proposed by _______ for the study of living v. Pteridophyta vi. Cryptogams organisms. vii. dicotyledonous (A) Eichler 2. Fill in the blanks by selecting the correct (B) Robert Whittaker word from the given bracket. (C) Gregor Mendel [1 Mark each] (D) Frederick Miescher (Pteridophyta, Ulva, Embryo, Flowers, 2. Which of the following is NOT true for Gymnosperm, Spirogyra) bryophytes? i. Spirally arranged, green, thread like (A) Amphibians of plant kingdom chloroplasts are found in _______. (B) Thalloid plant body (C) Heterotrophic mode of nutrition ii. Selaginella, Pteris are examples of _______. (D) Multicellular iii. In phanerogams, during germination of the 3. Lycopodium belongs to division seed, the stored food is used for initial growth of the _______. (A) Bryophyta (B) Thallophyta (C) Pteridophyta (D) Gymnosperms iv. Cycas belongs to division _______. 4. Which of the following is characteristic of v. _______ are the reproductive organs in pteridophytes? SAMPLEangiosperms. (A) Asexual reproduction by spore Answers: formation i. Spirogyra ii. Pteridophyta (B) Non – flowering plants iii. Embryo iv. Gymnosperm (C) Well developed conducting system v. Flowers (D) All of these 127 Std. IX: Science and Technology 5. Tetramerous or pentamerous flowers are found 11. The type of root in the plant of Catharanthus in is _______. (A) Bryophytes (A) tuber (B) Monocotyledons (B) tap root (C) Pteridophytes (C) fibrous (D)Dicotyledons (D) pneumatophores Answers: 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (C) 12.