August 24, 2021 u vol. 118 u no. 34 From the Cover e2026212118 Evolutionary effects of seed dormancy e2106130118 Tree fecundity and senescence e2103081118 Economics of climate tipping points e2026111118 Forest refugium and glacial–interglacial cycles e2101985118 Moonrise timing and coral spawning Contents THIS WEEK IN PNAS—This week’s research highlights Cover image: Pictured is the primrose eiti3421118 In This Issue moth (Schinia florida), a pest of evening primroses (Oenothera biennis). Anurag A. Agrawal et al. studied the effects SCIENCE AND CULTURE—How science intersects with culture of dormancy on the evolutionary e2113327118 Wildfires pose a burning problem for wines and winemakers adaptation of the evening primrose. The Jyoti Madhusoodanan authors either exposed five generations of experimental plantings to insect predation or sheltered the plantings RETROSPECTIVE and allowed the seeds to remain dormant in the soil for at least 5 years e2112969118 Stephen T. Warren: Human geneticist who advanced understanding of before reviving the seeds and mutational mechanisms and developmental disorders genotyping the resulting colonizers. All David L. Nelson and C. Thomas Caskey of the resurrected evening primrose populations recovered a level of genetic diversity comparable with the start of COMMENTARIES the experiment, but insect-exposed e2110556118 Uncoupling in intrinsic brain activity populations maintained differences in Manu S. Goyal and Abraham Z. Snyder fruit chemical defense and life-history See companion article, e2021913118, in vol. 118, issue 27 traits. The results suggest that dormancy can have long-term effects on the e2112191118 Linking amorphous ice and supercooled liquid water evolutionary responses of plants to Thomas E. Gartner III environmental change. See the article See companion article, e2108194118, in vol. 118, issue 30 by Agrawal et al., e2026212118. Image credit: Anurag A. Agrawal (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY) and Kent Loeffler PERSPECTIVE (photographer). e2024358118 Redox imbalance links COVID-19 and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome Bindu D. Paul, Marian D. Lemle, Anthony L. Komaroff, and Solomon H. Snyder LETTERS e2107239118 The human factor between airborne pollen concentrations and COVID- 19 disease dynamics Cornelia Betsch and Philipp Sprengholz e2110982118 Reply to Betsch and Sprengholz: Higher SARS-CoV-2 infection numbers related to more airborne pollen, regardless of testing frequency Stefanie Gilles, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, and Athanasios Damialis Free online through the PNAS open access option. PNAS u August 24, 2021 u vol. 118 u no. 34 u iii–viii Downloaded by guest on September 24, 2021 APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES INAUGURAL ARTICLE e2106938118 Synergistic dispersal of plant pathogen e2106130118 Is there tree senescence? The spores by jumping-droplet condensation fecundity evidence and wind Tong Qiu, Marie-Claire Aravena, Robert Andrus, Ranit Mukherjee, Hope A. Gruszewski, Landon T. Davide Ascoli, Yves Bergeron, Roberta Berretti, Michal Bilyeu, David G. Schmale III, Bogdziewicz, Thomas Boivin, Raul Bonal, Thomas and Jonathan B. Boreyko Caignard, Rafael Calama, J. Julio Camarero, Connie J. – Clark, Benoit Courbaud, Sylvain Delzon, Sergio e2105211118 Elastically driven Kelvin Helmholtz-like Donoso Calderon, William Farfan-Rios, Catherine A. instability in straight channel flow Gehring, Gregory S. Gilbert, Cathryn H. Greenberg, Narsing K. Jha and Victor Steinberg Qinfeng Guo, Janneke Hille Ris Lambers, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Ines Ibanez, Valentin Journe´, Christopher L. BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY Kilner, Richard K. Kobe, Walter D. Koenig, Georges e2023381118 Noise-induced properties of active dendrites Kunstler, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Mateusz Ledwon, Carl van Vreeswijk and Farzada Farkhooi James A. Lutz, Renzo Motta, Jonathan A. Myers, Thomas A. Nagel, Chase L. Nun˜ez, Ian S. Pearse, CHEMISTRY Łukasz Piechnik, John R. Poulsen, Renata e2109408118 Electrochemical borylation of carboxylic acids Poulton-Kamakura, Miranda D. Redmond, Chantal D. Lisa M. Barton, Longrui Chen, Donna G. Blackmond, Reid, Kyle C. Rodman, C. Lane Scher, Harald Schmidt and Phil S. Baran Van Marle, Barbara Seget, Shubhi Sharma, Miles Silman, Jennifer J. Swenson, Margaret Swift, Maria e2101596118 An in vivo selection-derived D-peptide for Uriarte, Giorgio Vacchiano, Thomas T. Veblen, Amy V. engineering erythrocyte-binding antigens that Whipple, Thomas G. Whitham, Andreas P. Wion, S. promote immune tolerance Joseph Wright, Kai Zhu, Jess K. Zimmerman, _ Alexander R. Loftis, Genwei Zhang, Coralie Backlund, Magdalena Zywiec, and James S. Clark Anthony J. Quartararo, Novalia Pishesha, Cameron C. Hanna, Carly K. Schissel, Daniel Garafola, Andrei BRIEF REPORTS Loas, R. John Collier, Hidde Ploegh, Darrell J. Irvine, e2105337118 Adaptive staffing can mitigate essential and Bradley L. Pentelute worker disease and absenteeism in an e2108573118 Sustainable and feasible reagent-free electro- emerging epidemic Fenton via sequential dual- Elliot Aguilar, Nicholas J. Roberts, Ismail Uluturk, cathode electrocatalysis Patrick Kaminski, John W. Barlow, Andreas G. Zori, Jiabei Wang, Shizhen Li, Qiyue Qin, Laurent He´bert-Dufresne, and Benjamin D. Zusman and Chuang Peng e2101674118 Mitochondrial fatty acid utilization increases e2100608118 Two-dimensional electronic–vibrational sum chromatin oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes frequency spectroscopy for interactions Ivan Menendez-Montes, Salim Abdisalaam, Feng of electronic and nuclear motions Xiao, Nicholas T. Lam, Shibani Mukherjee, Luke I. at interfaces Szweda, Aroumougame Asaithamby, Gang-Hua Deng, Yuqin Qian, Tong Zhang, Jian Han, and Hesham A. Sadek Hanning Chen, and Yi Rao e2109636118 Bindin is essential for fertilization in the e2106750118 Cryo-EM structures of Escherichia coli sea urchin cytochrome bo3 reveal bound phospholipids Gary M. Wessel, Yuuko Wada, Mamiko Yajima, and ubiquinone-8 in a dynamic substrate and Masato Kiyomoto binding site e2107934118 Poor data stewardship will hinder global Jiao Li, Long Han, Francesca Vallese, Ziqiao Ding, genetic diversity surveillance Sylvia K. Choi, Sangjin Hong, Yanmei Luo, Bin Liu, Rachel H. Toczydlowski, Libby Liggins, Michelle R. Chun Kit Chan, Emad Tajkhorshid, Jiapeng Zhu, Oliver Gaither, Tanner J. Anderson, Randi L. Barton, Justin T. Clarke, Kai Zhang, and Robert Gennis Berg, Sofia G. Beskid, Beth Davis, Alonso Delgado, e2112021118 Atomic view of cosolute-induced protein Emily Farrell, Maryam Ghoojaei, Nan Himmelsbach, denaturation probed by NMR solvent Ann E. Holmes, Samantha R. Queeno, Thienthanh paramagnetic relaxation enhancement Trinh, Courtney A. Weyand, Gideon S. Bradburd, Yusuke Okuno, Janghyun Yoo, Charles D. Cynthia Riginos, Robert J. Toonen, Schwieters, Robert B. Best, Hoi Sung Chung, and Eric D. Crandall and G. Marius Clore PHYSICAL SCIENCES EARTH, ATMOSPHERIC, AND PLANETARY APPLIED MATHEMATICS SCIENCES e2021840118 Control of low flow regions in the cortical e2100995118 The strength of the Earth’s magnetic vasculature determines optimal field from Pre-Pottery to Pottery arterio-venous ratios Neolithic, Jordan Yujia Qi and Marcus Roper Anita Di Chiara, Lisa Tauxe, Thomas E. Levy, Mohammad Najjar, Fabio Florindo, e2023719118 Counting equilibria of large complex systems and Erez Ben-Yosef by instability index •− e2109768118 The trisulfur radical ion S controls platinum Ge´rard Ben Arous, Yan V. Fyodorov, 3 and Boris A. Khoruzhenko transport by hydrothermal fluids Gleb S. Pokrovski, Maria A. Kokh, Elsa Desmaele, e2105826118 Cross-correlation analysis of X-ray photon Cle´ment Laskar, Elena F. Bazarkina, Anastassia Y. correlation spectroscopy to extract Borisova (А.Ю.Борисова), Denis Testemale, Jean-Louis rotational diffusion coefficients Hazemann, Rodolphe Vuilleumier, Guillaume Ferlat, Zixi Hu, Jeffrey J. Donatelli, and James A. Sethian and Antonino Marco Saitta iv u www.pnas.org Contents Downloaded by guest on September 24, 2021 e2017342118 Intensity of the Earth’s magnetic field: e2020014118 Droplet tilings for rapid exploration of Evidence for a Mid-Paleozoic dipole low spatially constrained many-body systems Louise M. A. Hawkins, J. Michael Grappone, Anton Molina, Shailabh Kumar, Stefan Karpitschka, Courtney J. Sprain, Patipan Saengduean, Edward J. and Manu Prakash Sage, Sheikerra Thomas-Cunningham, Banusha e2106744118 Optical spectral weight, phase stiffness, and Kugabalan, and Andrew J. Biggin TC bounds for trivial and topological flat e2103081118 Economic impacts of tipping points in the band superconductors climate system Nishchhal Verma, Tamaghna Hazra, Simon Dietz, James Rising, Thomas Stoerk, and Mohit Randeria and Gernot Wagner e2100691118 Nonlocal topological insulators: Deterministic e2026111118 1.36 million years of Mediterranean forest aperiodic arrays supporting localized refugium dynamics in response to glacial– topological states protected by interglacial cycle strength nonlocal symmetries Timme Donders, Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos, Kai Chen, Matthew Weiner, Mengyao Li, Xiang Ni, Andreas Koutsodendris, Adele Bertini, Anna Maria Andrea Alu`, and Alexander B. Khanikaev Mercuri, Alessia Masi, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Se´bastien Joannin, Katerina Kouli, Ilias Kousis, Odile Peyron, Paola Torri, Assunta Florenzano, Alexander SOCIAL SCIENCES Francke, Bernd Wagner, and Laura Sadori ANTHROPOLOGY ENGINEERING e2100995118 The strength of the Earth’s magnetic e2111144118 Velocity transformation for compressible field from Pre-Pottery to Pottery wall-bounded turbulent flows with Neolithic,