© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION CHAPTERNOT FOR SALE 6 OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, Exercise LLC and Sport© Jones Physiology & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION KIM HENIGE © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Sean Bagshaw/Getty Images © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC LEARNINGNOT FOROBJECTIVES SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 1. Describe the general scope of the field of exercise and sport physiology. 2. Describe the general history and major events of the field of exercise physiology in the United States. © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 3. Describe the importance of exercise physiology as a component of the NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION kinesiology educational curriculum. 4. Define key terminology within exercise physiology. 5. Explain the general principles that form the basis of exercise physiology. © Jones & Bartlett Learning,6. Describe and LLC provide examples of the health-© Jones and skill-related & Bartlett components Learning, LLC of physical fitness. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 7. List and explain the principles of exercise training. 8. Identify careers related to exercise physiology. © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC KEY TERMSNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION activities of daily living (ADLs) chronic exercise effects acute exercise effects demand acute physiological responses exercise © Jones adenosine & Bartlett triphosphate Learning, (ATP) LLC exercise physiology © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 119 © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284026658_CH06_PASS03.indd 119 31/10/16 2:02 PM © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. 120 CHAPTER 6 | Exercise and Sport Physiology © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC health-related components of physical principle of progression exercise physiologyNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION The study of how fitness principle of reversibility the body responds instrumental activities of daily living principles of exercise training and adapts to (IADLs) skill-related components of physical physical stress. physical activity (PA) fitness © Jones & Bartlett physicalLearning, fitness LLC sport© physiologyJones & Bartlett Learning, LLC sport physiology physiological mechanisms stress NOTThe FORapplication SALE of OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION exercise physiology physiological training adaptations supply principles to principle of overload supply equals demand guide training and enhance sport © Jones & Bartlettperformance. Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONWhat Is Exercise andNOT Sport FOR Physiology? SALE OR DISTRIBUTION acute exercise effects Sudden and Exercise physiology is the study of how the body responds and adapts to physi- immediate cal stress. Sport physiology is the application of exercise physiology principles responses to to guide training and enhance sport performance. Exercise and sport physi- exercise. © Jonesology & overlapBartlett significantly, Learning, and LLC therefore are generally considered© Jones together. & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FORFor the SALE remainder OR DISTRIBUTIONof this chapter, the term exercise physiologyNOT will FOR be used SALE OR DISTRIBUTION chronic exercise effects to encompass the areas of both exercise and sport physiology. Exercise is Gradual and long- an intentional physical stress placed upon the body, producing both acute term responses to and chronic effects that can be studied. Acute exercise effects are sudden and © Jonesexercise. & Bartlett immediate,Learning, whereas LLC chronic exercise effects are© Jonesgradual and& Bartlett long term. Learning, When LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION you startNOT jogging, FOR the SALE systems OR in DISTRIBUTION your body (cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, endocrine, etc.) immediately respond with acute changes (e.g., increased heart rate © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jonesand &breathing Bartlett rate) Learning, that permit LLC your body NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FORto meet SALE the demands OR DISTRIBUTION of the stress and per- form the processes necessary for you to jog. If you jog regularly, the stress is placed upon the body chronically, and the body’s © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCsystems respond over time© with Jones long-term & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONphysiological adaptations.NOT Physiological FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION adaptations result in less stress on the body’s systems, greater efficiency of the systems, and improved physical perfor- © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC mance during© Jones exercise & Bartlettand other Learning,types of LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Mike Powell/Digital Vision/Thinkstock physical NOTactivity. FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284026658_CH06_PASS03.indd 120 31/10/16 2:02 PM © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. The History of Exercise Physiology in the United States 121 © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC The HistoryNOT FORof Exercise SALE ORPhysiology DISTRIBUTION STOP ANDNOT THINK FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION in the United States ow do you think Exercise physiology is relatively new as a formal discipline; Hexercise physiol- ogy relates to your however, evidence suggests that individuals have been specific career area of interest? © Jonesstudying & Bartlett the physiological Learning, responses LLC to physical activity © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FORas far SALEback as OR ancient DISTRIBUTION Greece. This historical review is a NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION capsule summary and will focus on the modern history of exercise physiology, which first became formalized in the United States in the early 1800s when physiology textbooks began to appear. © Jones & Bartlett Learning, In the earliest LLC years of the field in the© UnitedJones States, & Bartlett one of theLearning, first LLC NOT FOR SALE ORtexts DISTRIBUTION published was The Principles of PhysiologyNOT AppliedFOR SALE to the Preservation OR DISTRIBUTION of Health and to the Improvement of Physical and Mental Education by A. Combe in 1843. It included a limited amount of information on exercise. In 1855, William H. Byford published the first research paper on the physiol- ogy of exercise.© Jones In 1861, & Bartlett Edward Hitchcock Learning, at Amherst LLC College was the first © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC to collectNOT anthropometric FOR SALE data OR before DISTRIBUTION and after physical training. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Arguably one of the most significant years in the history of exercise phys- iology was the year 1886, when the American Association for the Advance- ment of Physical Education was founded. In the years following, exercise © Jonesphysiology & Bartlett began Learning, to enter the LLCcollege curriculum at a number© Jones of colleges & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FORand universities. SALE OR In DISTRIBUTION the 1890s, Thomas Wood at Stanford UniversityNOT FOR estab- SALE OR DISTRIBUTION lished a 4-year degree program in physical training and hygiene, which included exercise physiology as a major component. Around the same time, students majoring in physical education at Harvard, Stanford, and Oberlin were required to take exercise physiology courses. © Jones & Bartlett Learning, In 1891, George LLC W. Fitz at Harvard University© Jones was &the Bartlett first to establish Learning, a LLC NOT FOR SALE ORformal DISTRIBUTION research laboratory for physical educationNOT FOR in the SALE United ORStates. DISTRIBUTION The name of the department was Anatomy, Physiology, and Physical Training . Part of the Lawrence Scientific School, it offered a 4-year Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree and included both lecture and laboratory courses in exercise physiology.© JonesIn 1900, &the Bartlett title of the Learning, department LLC was changed to Anatomy © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC and PhysiologyNOT , FORand the SALE focus shiftedOR DISTRIBUTION away from exercise physiology. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION In 1898, the first edition of the American Journal of Physiology was published. In the early 1900s, several researchers began exploring exer- cise physiology and publishing information in the field. Exercise physiol- © Jonesogy &labs Bartlett began to Learning, open around LLC the country, such as those© founded Jones at & the Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION