AIM:Why was Jackson’s presidency so tumultuous? Jackson as President Round 1: Jackson v. Five Civilized Tribes Round 2: Jackson v. VP John C. Calhoun & South Carolina Tariffs! Post War 1812 – Tariffs (why)? Tariff of 1816, 1828, 1832: Increased tariffs each year 1828: brought tariff close to 50%! V. Tariffs! John C. Calhoun: VP to Jackson, from S.C. Tariff of Abominations (1828): negative impact on S.C. Nullification Theory – South Carolina Exposition Declared the right of states to nullify fed law – if not….secede Tariffs! Hayne (SC) v. Webster (MA) Debates (1830) Senators debated: states v. federal power Jackson’s position: SUPPORTS THE UNION Calhoun resigns! South Carolina Rebels 1832 Tariff: Increases tariff even more! Reaction to the tariff: SC declares 1828, 1832 tariffs null; threatens to secede Force Bill (1833): can use army, navy against SC – AJ sends the troops to enforce tariff Henry Clay: Compromise Bill (1833) 10 year plan to lower tariff Congress agrees but is VERY shaky Jackson as President Round 1: Jackson v. Five Civilized Tribes Who are they? Round 2: Jackson v. VP John C. Calhoun & South Carolina Round 3: Jackson v. Nicholas Biddle and the B.U.S. National Bank Jackson does not like banks – Why? 1832: vetoed Second Bank of the US Pet Banks: to break up BUS – gov deposited money into smaller banks (supported Democratic Party) Biddle responds – calls in/won’t make loans BUS ends in 1836 Van Buren Takes Control Martin Van Buren wins 1836 election w/ Jackson’s support “Wildcat” banks Pet banks print bank notes in excess of gold/silver they have Government demands specie (gold, silver) to pay for public lands (Specie circular) Rush to exchange paper money for specie, banks stop taking paper… Economic Depression! Panic of 1837 Bank closings, collapse of credit system: people lose savings, businesses bankrupted more than 1/3 of population out of work Van Buren can’t solve economic problems NO MORE KINGS! Creation of the Whig Party Clay and Webster (1834): started Whig Party - limit the power of the federal government Reaction to Jackson - abused his power Election of 1840 William Henry Harrison (Whig) beats Van Buren – Common Man Starts Whig program to revive economy Dies one month later; VP John Tyler takes over – As a Southerner, he opposes the Whig plan. http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/mon-october-6- 2008/vice-presidential-common-man-off Section 4 States’ Rights and the National Bank Andrew Jackson confronts two important issues during his presidency—states’ rights and a national bank. NEXT SECTION 4 States’ Rights and the National Bank A Tariff Raises the States’ Rights Issue The Nullification Theory • British try to flood U.S. with cheap goods; tariff raised 1824, 1828 • Vice-president John C. Calhoun calls 1828 Tariff Image of Abominations • Thinks South pays for North’s prosperity; cotton prices low • Calhoun devises nullification theory: - questions legality of applying federal laws to states - Constitution based on compact among states - state can reject law it considers unconstitutional - states have right to leave Union if nullification denied Continued . NEXT SECTION 4 continued A Tariff Raises the States’ Rights Issue Hayne and Webster Debate States’ Rights • Senator Robert Hayne argues Southern view of tariff, states’ rights • Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts defends Image Union • Jackson believes Union “must be preserved”; Calhoun resigns South Carolina Rebels • South Carolina declares 1828, 1832 tariffs null; threatens to secede • Congress passes Force Bill: can use army, navy against S. Carolina • Henry Clay proposes tariff that lowers duties over 10 years NEXT SECTION 4 Jackson Attacks the National Bank Jackson Opposes the Bank Image • Jackson vetoes bill to recharter Second Bank of the United States • Presents bank as privileged institution that favors the wealthy Pet Banks • Jackson puts federal money in state banks loyal to Democratic Party • BUS president Nicholas Biddle unsuccessfully maneuvers to save bank Whig Party Forms • People unhappy with Jackson form Whig Party, back American System NEXT SECTION 4 Van Buren Deals with Jackson’s Legacy Jackson’s Legacy • Martin Van Buren wins 1836 election with Jackson’s support • Pet banks print bank notes in excess of gold, silver they have • Government demands specie (gold, silver) to pay for public lands • Rush to exchange paper money for specie, banks stop taking paper • Panic of 1837—bank closings, collapse of credit system: - people lose savings, businesses bankrupted - more than a third of population out of work • Van Buren tries unsuccessfully to solve economic problems Continued . NEXT SECTION 4 continued Van Buren Deals with Jackson’s Legacy Harrison and Tyler • Whig William Henry Harrison beats Van Buren in 1840 election • Harrison enacts Whig program to revitalize economy • Dies one month later; succeeded by vice- president John Tyler • Tyler opposes many parts of Whig economic plan NEXT .