Livelihood Baseline Report Acknowledgements Funding for the Livelihoods Baseline Project was provided by Save the Children UK. The assessment was done by Save the Children Staff, Sadia Khan, Sumera Yasmin, Muhammad Adnan Khan, Shahzad Mukhtar, Umar Farooq, Sohail Ahmed, Sajid Khan and Ruhul Amin. Technical lead and guidance of the assessment was provided by Daison Ngirazi. The assessment team wishes to thank the various stakeholders that made this work possible, special mention goes to community members who afforded their valuable time to speak to the assessment team. 2 Table of Contents List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... 5 List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................... 5 1 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Objectives of the Study ............................................................................................................ 6 1.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 6 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 9 3 Methodology ................................................................................................................................ 10 4 Livelihood Zone Description .......................................................................................................... 11 4.1 Main Conclusions and Implications ........................................................................................ 11 4.2 Zone Description .................................................................................................................... 12 4.3 Markets and Trade ................................................................................................................. 13 4.4 Seasonal calendar .................................................................................................................. 13 5 Wealth Breakdown ....................................................................................................................... 14 6 Livelihood Strategies ..................................................................................................................... 15 6.1 Sources of Food ..................................................................................................................... 15 6.2 Sources of Cash ...................................................................................................................... 16 6.2.1 Seasonal Access to Cash income ..................................................................................... 17 6.3 Expenditure Patterns ............................................................................................................. 18 7 Household Total Income ............................................................................................................... 19 8 Coping Mechanisms ...................................................................................................................... 20 9 Hazards ......................................................................................................................................... 21 10 Key Parameters for Monitoring ..................................................................................................... 21 10.1.1 Monitoring Expenditure ................................................................................................. 22 10.1.2 Monitoring Incomes ....................................................................................................... 22 11 Using the Livelihoods Baselines for Monitoring and Program Design ............................................. 22 11.1 Comparison against thresholds........................................................................................... 22 11.2 Illustrative scenario analysis ............................................................................................... 23 11.2.1 Projecting Livelihood Outcomes December 2011 to November 2012 .............................. 23 11.2.2 Projecting livelihood outcomes ~Impact of floods ........................................................... 25 11.3 Comparisons against poverty thresholds ............................................................................ 27 12 IMPLICATIONS FOR PROGRAMMING ............................................................................................. 28 12.1 Support to Income Generating Activities ............................................................................ 28 12.2 Access to Social Services ..................................................................................................... 28 3 12.3 Social Transfers .................................................................................................................. 28 12.4 Access to land .................................................................................................................... 29 13 ANNEXES ....................................................................................................................................... 30 13.1 Annex 1: Livelihood Thresholds Details ............................................................................... 30 13.2 Annex 2: Livelihood Zone Map ............................................................................................ 30 13.3 Annex 3: Population of Livelihood Zones by Union Council ................................................. 31 13.4 Annex 4: List of Markets Visited.......................................................................................... 40 13.5 Annex 5: Baseline Prices ..................................................................................................... 41 4 List of Figures Figure 1: Southern Punjab Livelihood Zones .......................................................................................... 12 Figure 2: Seasonal Calendar ................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 3: Household Demographics ....................................................................................................... 15 Figure 4: Contribution of food sources ~% Annual Kcal .......................................................................... 15 Figure 5: Dietary diversity ~% Annual Kcal ............................................................................................. 16 Figure 8: Very poor ~ seasonal income .................................................................................................. 17 Figure 9: Poor ~seasonal income ........................................................................................................... 17 Figure 6: Annual Income~ Thousand Rupees .......................................................................................... 17 Figure 7: Percentage Annual Income ..................................................................................................... 17 Figure 10: Middle ~ seasonal income ..................................................................................................... 18 Figure 11: Better off ~ seasonal income ................................................................................................. 18 Figure 12: Annual Expenditure ~Thousand Rupees ................................................................................ 18 Figure 13: Percentage Annual Expenditure ............................................................................................ 18 Figure 14: Total Access ~Kcal Equivalent ................................................................................................ 19 Figure 15: Total Access ~Rupee equivalent ............................................................................................ 20 Figure 16: Very poor food access outcome ............................................................................................ 23 Figure 17: Poor food access outcome .................................................................................................... 23 Figure 18: Very poor expenditure outcome ........................................................................................... 24 Figure 19: Poor expenditure outcome ................................................................................................... 24 Figure 20: Very poor total access outcome ............................................................................................ 24 Figure 21: Poor total access outcome .................................................................................................... 24 Figure 22: Very poor total access ~Flood outcome ................................................................................. 26 Figure 23: Poor total access ~ Flood outcome ........................................................................................ 26 Figure 24: Middle total access~ Flood outcome ....................................................................................