Topics in Chemehuevi Morphosyntax: Lexical Categories, Predication and Causation Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Serratos, Angelina Eduardovna Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 25/09/2021 20:31:56 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194704 TOPICS IN CHEMEHUEVI MORPHOSYNTAX: LEXICAL CATEGORIES, PREDICATION AND CAUSATION by Angelina Eduardovna Serratos ________________________ Copyright © Angelina Eduardovna Serratos 2008 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2008 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Angelina Eduardovna Serratos entitled Topics in Chemehuevi Morphosyntax: Lexical Categories, Predication and Causation and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ________________________________________________________Date: 10/24/2008 Heidi B. Harley ________________________________________________________Date: 10/24/2008 Andrew Barss ________________________________________________________Date: 10/24/2008 Andrew Carnie ________________________________________________________Date: 10/24/2008 Susan Penfield Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________________Date: 10/24/2008 Dissertation Director: Heidi B. Harley 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Angelina Eduardovna Serratos 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There is a reason why on the second page of every dissertation you find the names of the people who supervised the work done by the author. These are the scientists whose judgments we trust and who inspire us in academic and personal matters. Heidi Harley has been my academic advisor from the very beginning of my studies at the University of Arizona. She gently guided me through the research process and always understood the issues involved, whether I battled the existence of subject idioms in Russian or the absence of adjectives in Chemehuevi. I truly believe that there are no syntactic puzzles that Dr. Harley cannot solve, and in a sense this belief inspired me to leave the safety of research on my own native language and plunge into the depths of an unknown to me Chemehuevi. There were many surprises in the Chemehuevi language that pushed me to learn more about linguistics, and I always had Heidi’s support and guidance in finding satisfactory answers. Susan Penfield is another person without whom this thesis would not be possible. We met when I was writing an article about her outstanding work on language preservation, and I was moved by her dedication to language revitalization and to the people on the Colorado River Indian Tribes reservation. At that time I was actively looking for a dissertation topic and it occurred to me that this might be the opportunity of a lifetime – to work with one of the Chemehuevi speakers and hopefully make my contribution to the documentation of this language. I had heard many good things about Johnny Hill Jr., but meeting him in person was truly the highlight of my fieldwork. Johnny is a kind and generous person, friendly and open to meeting new people. I know that Chemehuevi is of great personal importance to him, and I cannot thank him enough for allowing me to use his words in my thesis. I am also very grateful to the CRIT Tribes Council for giving me permission to conduct fieldwork on the CRIT reservation. I would also like to thank Andrew Carnie and Andy Barss for giving me their insights on many issues discussed in my dissertation. My work benefited in many ways from their insightful and honest comments, helping me to keep in mind alternative views in the world of linguistics. I also need to emphasize how greatly I was influenced by the general atmosphere at the U of A Department of Linguistics: the faculty, the staff, the students are all high quality people, friendly, informal, intellectually stimulating. The leadership of the department has found the balance between providing the students with freedom to do what they want and guidance in finding what it is they want to do. This brings me to think about my wonderful classmates, Azita Taleghani, Jian Wang, Scott Jackson, Charles Lin, JeongRae Lee and students of linguistics from other years – thank you all for your support and friendship. Also many thanks to my friend Joyce Swiokla for watching my son while I was finishing my dissertation. Finally, to my family go my deepest thanks. To my mother Ludmila Gracheva, I owe the biggest debt of gratitude for instilling in me the desire to learn from my earliest days and perseverance to finish what I started. To my husband Martin and my son Martin Andres – you guys are the constant source of inspiration and joy for me. Thank you for your love, patience and support. I love you dearly. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………...9 LIST OF ILLUSTRATION……………………………………………………………...10 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS……………………………………………………………11 ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………...……13 CHAPTER ONE. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………15 1.1 What is this dissertation about?...............................................................................15 1.2 Chemehuevi Indian Tribe ……………………………………………………….…19 1.2.1 Background………………………………………………………………19 1.2.2 Brief history of the tribe……………………………………….…………20 1.3 The Chemehuevi language …………………………………………………………23 1.3.1 Previous work on the Chemehuevi language………………….…………23 1.3.2 Brief language description…………………………….…………………26 1.3.2.1 Sound inventory ………………………………………………….26 1.3.2.2 The Chemehuevi orthography ……………………………………28 1.3.2.3 Word formation: Nouns ……………………………………….…29 1.3.2.3.1 Possession ……………………………………...………31 1.3.2.3.2 Number ………………………………………...………33 1.3.2.3.3 Case marking ……………………..……………………34 1.3.2.4 Word formation: Verbs …………………….………………….…35 1.3.2.5 Pronominal system ……………………………………………….37 1.3.2.6 Word order ……………………….………………………………41 1.4 The organization of the dissertation …………………………………….…………42 PART I. ROOTS AND LEXICAL CATEGORIES IN CHEMEHUEVI …………..43 CHAPTER TWO. LEXICAL CATEGORIES IN CHEMEHUEVI: NOUNS …….44 2.1 Theoretical background: DM on roots and functional categories ……………….44 2.1.1 Principles of Distributed Morphology…………………………………...44 2.1.2 DM on roots and functional categories…………………………………..47 2.1.3 Arad (2005) on roots and lexical categories in Hebrew…………………52 2.2 Lexical categories in Chemehuevi: Nouns ……………………………………...…55 2.3.1 Non-Possessed Noun marker – a noun-forming functional head n 0…..…55 2.3.2 Possessive marker – allomorph of ‘little’ n 0…………………………..…58 2.3.3 Roots vs. nouns: derivational vs. inflectional morphology………………67 2.3 Conclusion …………………………………………………..………………………69 2.4 Notes for community use: How to form words in Chemehuevi………………….70 CHAPTER THREE. LEXICAL CATEGORIES IN CHEMEHUEVI: VERBS …...76 3.1 Theoretical background: Verbal functional projections and complex syntax of verbs …………………………………………………………………………………..76 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued 3.1.1 Flavors of ‘little’ v……………………………….………………………80 3.1.2 Low vs. high attachment of functional heads……………………………82 3.2 Chemehuevi verbs ……………………………………………..……………………86 3.2.1 Chemehuevi low attachment functional verbs………...…………………90 3.2.2 Chemehuevi high attachment functional verbs …………..……………103 3.3 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………110 3.4 Notes for community use: How to form verbs in Chemehuevi …………………111 CHAPTER FOUR. LEXICAL CATEGORIES IN CHEMEHUEVI: ADJECTIVES …………………………………………………………………………114 4.1 Theoretical background: A non-uniform class of adjectives ………………..….114 4.2 Chemehuevi predicative adjectives as stative verbs ……………………………123 4.3 Chemehuevi attributive adjectives ………………………….……………………127 4.3.1 Attributive adjectives as nominalizations………………………………127 4.3.2 Theoretical background: Nominalizations within DM…………………131 4.3.3 Chemehuevi adjectival and verbal nominalizations……………………135 4.3.4 Typology and internal structure of relative clauses…………………….139 4.3.5 Chemehuevi relative clauses and attributive modification…..…………147 4.4 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………152 4.5 Notes for community use: How to form adjectives in Chemehuevi ……………153 CHAPTER FIVE. PREDICATION AND LEXICAL CATEGORIES IN CHEMEHUEVI ………………………………………………………………………156 5.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………..156