PRODUCT 08 Executive Summary Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory of Campinas and Metropolitan Region of Campinas PREFEITURA DE CAMPINAS June, 2019 CLIENT PROJECT Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory of Campinas and Metropolitan Region of Campinas AUTHORS WAYCARBON Adriana Mello; [email protected] Breno Rates; [email protected] Bruna Dias; [email protected] Felipe Bittencourt; [email protected] Fernando Coelho; [email protected] Fernando Salina; [email protected] Flávia Perucci; [email protected] Isabela Aroeira; [email protected] Letícia Gavioli; [email protected] Mario Ramunno; [email protected] Matheus Brito; [email protected] Natalia D’Alessandro; [email protected] Pamela Silva; [email protected] Sarah Irffi; [email protected] Tiago Cisalpino; [email protected] ICLEI Camila Chabar; [email protected] Gustavo Oliveira; [email protected] Igor Albuquerque; [email protected] Iris Coluna; [email protected] PREFEITURA DE CAMPINAS Cezar Capacle; [email protected] Gustavo D´Estefano; [email protected] Executive Summary – GHG Emission Inventory of Campinas and MRC ________________________________________________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 2 2 INVENTORY BOUNDARIES .............................................................................. 4 2.1 TERRITORIAL LIMIT .................................................................................................... 4 2.2 TIME SPAN ............................................................................................................... 5 2.3 CONSIDERED GASES AND POLLUTANTS ........................................................................... 6 2.4 SECTORS AND EMISSIONS SOURCES ............................................................................... 6 3 RESULTS ........................................................................................................ 9 3.1 GEE EMISSIONS ........................................................................................................ 9 3.2 EMISSIONS OF REGULATED POLLUTANTS ...................................................................... 13 3.3 EMISSIONS FROM FIXED SOURCES ............................................................................... 13 3.4 EMISSIONS FROM MOBILE SOURCES ............................................................................. 14 4 SCENARIOS, GOALS AND ACTION PLAN ........................................................ 17 5 RECOMMENDATIONS AND NEXT STEPS ........................................................ 22 6 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 24 7 REFERENCES .................................................................................................26 ___________________________________________________________________________________ _ P a g e | 1 Executive Summary – GHG Emission Inventory of Campinas and MRC ________________________________________________________________________________ 1 INTRODUCTION In 2015, under the 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), COP21, the Paris Agreement was signed with the participation of 197 countries and supranational blocs. The main outcome of this negotiation was the commitment of the subscribing countries, called "parties", to keep the global average temperature rise below 2ºC in relation to pre-industrial levels, aiming to limit the increase by 1.5ºC until the end of the 21st century (UNFCC, 2015). The Agreement requires the joint efforts of all parties who must submit their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), as provided for in Article 4. These should incorporate efforts to reduce national emissions and adapt to climate change (UNFCC, 2015). Brazil submitted its commitments in 2015 and, in the following year, formally signed the Paris Agreement, which entered into force on November 4, 2016. Considering 2005 as the base year, the country has committed to reduce GHG emissions by 37% by 2025, and 43% by 2030 (BRASIL, 2015). The final text of Paris Agreement recognizes local governments as essential parts to speed up transformation in urban areas, due to their ability to implement local climate actions. The Brazilian NDC itself reaffirms the importance of engaging municipalities and their efforts to combat climate change. The impacts of this change will directly affect the infrastructure of the municipalities, the quality of life of its inhabitants and the dynamics of urban services, so that a greater involvement in this theme is necessary to incorporate this cross-over in the urban planning. Therefore, inventories of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and regulated pollutants in their territories are important management tools for the identification of GHG sources and sinks in different sectors and for accounting their respective emissions or removals. The estimated emissions of regulated pollutants are also important because of their significant impact on ecosystems and human health, especially in urban centers and metropolitan areas. Thus, action plans can be developed in accordance with the local reality, capacity and need. Considering the need to deal with such challenges and counting on the intermediation of the Campinas Metropolitan Agency (AGEMCAMP in Portuguese), the 20 municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas signed a Memorandum of Understanding publicly assuming the commitment with the climate agenda, with the municipality of Campinas ___________________________________________________________________________________ P a g e | 2 Executive Summary – GHG Emission Inventory of Campinas and MRC ________________________________________________________________________________ leading the process of elaborating the inventory of GHG emissions. In this context, WayCarbon, in partnership with ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability, was hired by the Municipal Government of Campinas to provide specialized technical services for coordination and execution of activities related to the preparation of the Inventory of Direct and Indirect Greenhouse Effect Gases (GHG) and Pollutants of Campinas and the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC). The main objective of this study was to create technical subsidies for defining goals and more effective proposals to mitigate the impacts of emission sources in the region. In addition to Campinas, the project also had the support of City Halls of the other 19 municipalities which are part of MRC, namely: Americana, Artur Nogueira, Cosmópolis, Engenheiro Coelho, Holambra, Hortolândia, Indaiatuba, Itatiba, Jaguariúna, Monte Mor, Morungaba, Nova Odessa, Paulínia, Pedreira, Santa Barbara d’Oeste, Santo Antônio de Posse, Sumaré, Valinhos e Vinhedo. For the preparation of the GHG Inventory, the chosen methodology was the one proposed by the GPC (Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories) developed by ICLEI, WRI (World Resources Institute) and C40 (Climate Leadership Group) in 2014, based on the National Inventory Guide, published in 2006 by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). To estimate the emissions of atmospheric pollutants regulated by national and regional legislation, the method of the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (CETESB) was adopted considering mobile sources and monitored emissions data provided by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) for fixed sources. This document aims to present the methodology used and the main results of the Inventory of Direct and Indirect Anthropic Emissions of Greenhouse Gases and Pollutants of Campinas and the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC), as well as proposals for strategic goals and guidelines to cope with climate change in the region. ___________________________________________________________________________________ _ P a g e | 3 Executive Summary – GHG Emission Inventory of Campinas and MRC ________________________________________________________________________________ 2 INVENTORY BOUNDARIES In order to develop the GHG Inventory through the GPC method, it is necessary first to define its boundaries, the limits for identification of gases, emission sources, the geographic area and the time span covered. Inventory boundaries are designed to provide a region with a comprehensive understanding of where emissions are coming from, as well as an indication of where it could act or influence change (GPC Protocol 2014). 2.1 TERRITORIAL LIMIT This inventory has as territorial delimitation the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC), a regional unit of the State of São Paulo created by State Complementary Law No. 870, dated June 19, 2000, consisting of 20 municipalities, as may be observed in Figure 1. Municipalities MRC Figure 1 - Map of the geographical location of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas Source: Author’s elaboration. ___________________________________________________________________________________ P a g e | 4 Executive Summary – GHG Emission Inventory of Campinas and MRC ________________________________________________________________________________ The region has an area of 3,792 km2 and a population in 2014 of 2,976,433 inhabitants. With a Gross Domestic