School no. 5 “Princess Elena Bibescu”, Bârlad, Romania Grigiskes „Sviesos” Secondary School – Vilnius, Lithuania Istituto D’Istruzione Superiore “Sibilla Aleramo” – Rome, Italy Vocational High School „George Apostu” – Bacău, Romania. "UNIFIED IN THE DIFFERENCES” MULTILATERAL COMENIUS PROJECT A COLLECTION OF COMMON AND SPECIFIC TRADITIONS OF THE ITALIAN, LITHUANIAN AND ROMANIAN PEOPLE EDITURA SFERA, iulie 2011 ISBN 978-606-573-136-3 1 Mrs. Carmen Silvia Ouatu – book coordinator Authors: team members of School no. 5 “Princess Elena Bibescu” - Bârlad, Romania Grigiskes „Sviesos” Secondary School – Vilnius, Lithuania Istituto D’Istruzione Superiore “Sibilla Aleramo” – Rome, Italy Vocational High School „George Apostu” – Bacău, Romania. Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României Tradiţii comune şi specifice popoarelor italian, lituanian şi român = Common and specific traditions of the Italian, Lithuanian and Romanian People / coord.: Carmen Ouatu. - Bârlad : Sfera, 2011 ISBN 978-606-573-136-3 I. Ouatu, Carmen-Silvia, coord. 39 This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Editorial staff: Aurelia Melania Juverdeanu – chief editor; Diana Elena Bicher – designer; Carmen Silvia Ouatu, Mihai Boholţeanu – translators EDITURA SFERA, iulie 2011 ISBN 978-606-573-136-3 2 Mrs. Carmen Silvia Ouatu – book coordinator Authors: team members of School no. 5 “Princess Elena Bibescu”, Bârlad, Romania Grigiskes „Sviesos” Secondary School – Vilnius, Lithuania Istituto D’Istruzione Superiore “Sibilla Aleramo” – Rome, Italy Vocational High School „George Apostu” – Bacău, Romania. "UNIFIED IN THE DIFFERENCES” MULTILATERAL COMENIUS PROJECT A COLLECTION OF COMMON AND SPECIFIC TRADITIONS OF THE ITALIAN, LITHUANIAN AND ROMANIAN PEOPLE EDITURA SFERA, iulie 2011 ISBN 978-606-573-136-3 3 School no. 5 “Princess Elena Bibescu”, Egle Luciunaite - student (8A) Bârlad, Romania Justas Sinkus student (7A) Team members: Merseda Srubenaite - student (8C) Carmen – Silvia Ouatu - project coordinator Egidijus Rapsevičius - student (8A) Maricela Popa – school headmaster Arturas Burba - student (8A) Aurelia – Melania Juverdeanu - teacher Istituto D’Istruzione Superiore “Sibilla Diana Elena Bicher - teacher Aleramo” – Rome, Italy Mihai Boholţeanu - teacher Team members: Niculina Liliana Arteni - teacher Ilario Finis – team coordinator Jenica Năstase – teacher Raimondo Marco - teacher Lucica Adam - teacher Chiara Letizia Rosanna - teacher Crina Bârgău – teacher Musci Angela – teacher Petru Vasilache - teacher Patricya Bobak - student Valerica Lupu - teacher Mioara Madalina Leocà - student Eugen Iftene – teacher Martina Saccomandi - student Brumă Alexandru - student Vocational High School „George Apostu” Creţu Alexandru - student - Bacău, Romania. Ichim Alexandra - student Team members: Ursachi Katerina - student Mihaela Cojocaru – team coordinator Bănuţi Andrei - student Dana Birzu – school headmaster Dorofte Florina - student Leahu Antonela – assistant school Onica Petronela - student headmaster Rusu Beatrice - student Burlacu Ioan - teacher Stan Adelina - student Geliman Iuliana - teacher Şuşnea Mădălina - student Blaj Florin - teacher Grigiskes „Sviesos” Secondary School – Petrescu Ionela-Livioara - teacher Vilnius, Lithuania Milon Laura - teacher Team members: Radu Luminiţa – teacher Dalia Tarosaite – team coordinator Petrescu Ionela - teacher Jonas Komicius – school headmaster Cristina Popa - teacher Vijole Petrosiene – teacher Claudia Vasilache - teacher Sigita Makniene - teacher Popa Mariana - teacher Gabriele Tarosaite - student Delia Florica - student Monika Backyte - student Ioana Fartadi - student Mindaugas Pukelevicius - student Păduraru Georgiana - student Justinas Valatkevicius - student Sava Alin - student Silvija Sadovskaja - student Preser Alexandra - student LizaTofan - student Rotaru Miruna - student Mantas Boronilscikovas - student Botezatu Mădălin - student 4 CONTENT I. Folk tales and legends............................................................................ 7 I.1. Foundation legends........................................................................ 7 ROMULUS AND REMUS - THE LEGEND OF ROME FOUNDATION................................. 8 VILNIUS - THE LEGEND OF VILNIUS CITY FOUNDATION........................................... 9 DRAGOŞ, THE VOIVODE AS LOFTY AS THE SUN - LEGEND OF MOLDOVA FOUNDATION 10 I.2. Specific folk tales/dramatization........................................... 11 THE PRINCESS AND THE FAIRY.......................................................................... 12 EGLE, THE QUEEN OF SERPENTS........................................................................ 13 THE SALT IN THE FOOD……………………………………………………………………….. 16 THE LEGEND OF OLD DOCHIA – THE HAG……………………………………………………. 19 II. Common and specific traditions …………………………………………………… 22 A CALENDAR CONTAINING THE OFFICIAL, RELIGIOUS AND TRADITIONAL HOLIDAYS 23 WITH SHORT DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ROMANIAN POPULAR CUSTOMS……………………… ROMANIAN CHRISTMAS………………………………………………………………………. 25 LITHUANIAN CHRISTMAS……………………………………………….……………………… 28 CHRISTMAS IN ITALY....................................................................................... 29 INFIORATA BOLSENA…………………………………………...……………………………… 31 KAZIUKAS FAIR……………………………………………………………………………….. 32 24th OF JUNE – SÂNZIENELE /DRĂGAICA…………………………………………………. 33 III. Common and specific food ……………………………………………………………. 34 “COzONAC” – A TRADITIONAL ROMANIAN CAKE................................................. 35 PANETTONE – THE ITALIAN “COzONAC”……………………………………………………. 36 5 CABBAGE ROLLS (SARMALE)........................................................................... 38 BALANDĖLIAI (“LITTLE PIGEONS”).................................................................... 38 ITALIAN PIZZA………………………………………………………..………………………… 40 ŠAKOTIS. ANTHILL…………………………………………………………………………….. 42 “TOCHITURĂ”. JELLIED MEAT…………………………………………………………………. 43 IV. FOLK SONGS, DANCES AND COSTUMES………………………………………………….. 44 FOLK COSTUMES OF ROMANIA………………………………………………………………. 45 TRADITIONAL LITHUANIAN COSTUME……………………………………………………… 47 LITHUANIAN FOLK MUSIC………………………………………………………………………. 48 ROMANIAN TRADITIONAL MUSIC……………………………………………………………. 50 ITALIAN FOLK DANCES…………………………………………………………………………. 53 LITHUANIAN DANCE…………………………………………………………………………… 54 ROMANIAN TRADITIONAL DANCE……………………………………………….………….. 55 6 7 ROMULUS AND REMUS THE LEGEND OF ROME FOUNDATION Near the banks of the Tiber, in a poor hut, there lived an old shepherd, Faustulus, and his wife, Laurentia. One evening, tired Faustulus sat in the doorway of the hut while Laurentia was preparing the lack of food in the evening. Suddenly, in the woods, he heard a rustle, and there, towards the river, a dark shadow drifted to the shore... Faustulus thought of going to see what had happened; he told his wife to wait and walked cautiously towards the bank of the Tiber. For the recent rains, the river had flooded the fields and the ground was strewn with large pools of water. In one of the pools, at the foot of a tree, Faustulus saw a huge wolf, lying on its side and two children who were nourished by her milk. He thought he was dreaming. He retired quietly, and returned to the hut where he began to tell the unbelieving wife of the wolf suckling the twins and took her by the arm and dragged her out into the river. Shortly after, the two little orphans were taken by Faustulus and Laurentia. They grew quickly and, in a few years, they became two strong guys, a little wild, but good. Faustulus had called them Romulus and Remus and they respected him as a father; every day they pushed further from the hut in search of new adventures. The legend says that, once grown, Romulus and Remus knew their history and they returned to Alba Longa, and punished the cruel Amulio and freed Numitore, their grandfather. Then, they got their grandfather’s permission to leave Alba Longa and to go on the banks of the Tiber and to found a new city. But which of them would have given its name? They decided to observe the flight of birds and the one who would see more of them, he would give the city its name. The fortune favoured Romulus, who took a plough and, on the Palatine Hill, drew a furrow to mark the boundary of the city, which he called Rome. April 21st was the day, 753 years before the birth of Jesus Christ, which marked the birth of the new city but, unfortunately, also the end of the life of Remus. It was established that no one, for any reason, could go beyond the groove without the permission of the head. But Remus, envious, or in jest, crossed it with a leap and, laughing, exclaimed: “See how easy it is!” Romulus, full of anger, took out his sword and killed him, saying that, anyone who insulted the name of Rome must die. Romulus, left alone, ruled the town wisely, then one day, during a storm, he disappeared, kidnapped by the god Mars in the sky. Recorded and translated by prof. Ilario Finis – the Italian Comenius team coordinator 8 VILNIUS THE LEGEND OF VILNIUS CITY FOUNDATION Once Grand Duke Gediminas, with his servicemen and his courtiers, went on a big hunting trip. All day long they spent it in the woods blowing their horns and chasing wild animals. At night, all the tired hunters gathered on a high hill – close to the Neris and Vilnele rivers junction. They brought all of the catch there – moose with Long Branch – like horns, wolves, shaggy bears. Gediminas had