THE THIRD REPORT ASSESSING THE CHICAGO POLICE DEPARTMENT’S COMPLIANCE WITH THE INVESTIGATORY STOP & PROTECTIVE PAT DOWN AGREEMENT The Investigatory Stop Report (“ISR”) data from CY2017 continues to reflect areas of non-compliance with the Chicago Police Department’s Stop & Frisk Policy and the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Compliance determinations regarding disproportional racial and ethnic impacts from CPD’s stop and frisk practices still cannot be made based on problems with the underlying ISR data. Hon. Arlander Keys (Ret.), Consultant October 17, 2019 P a g e | 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 CY2017 ISR DATA REVIEW SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 4 A NOTE FROM THE CONSULTANT .......................................................................................................................... 6 TO THE PUBLIC ............................................................................................................................................................... 6 TO THE MEN & WOMEN OF THE CHICAGO POLICE DEPARTMENT .......................................................................................... 11 Training Initiatives ............................................................................................................................................... 12 Trust Issues .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Conversations with CPD Officers & Squad Car Ride-Alongs ................................................................................ 14 CONCLUDING THOUGHTS ............................................................................................................................................... 16 PART I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 17 THE AGREEMENT .......................................................................................................................................................... 17 Historical Overview of ISR Data: CY2016-17........................................................................................................ 18 The Unknown Cause(s) for the Dramatic Decline in Stops .................................................................................. 20 Black Non-Hispanics Consistently Subject to 71-72% of All Stops ....................................................................... 20 KEY LEGAL QUESTIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 22 KEY OBSERVATIONS FROM THE CONSULTANT’S REVIEW & ASSESSMENT OF THE CY2017 ISR DATA & DOCUMENTATION ................ 26 PART II. THE AGREEMENT: REQUIRED POLICIES & PROCEDURES ........................................................................ 31 OVERVIEW OF THE AGREEMENT’S HISTORY & PURPOSES ..................................................................................................... 32 THE TERMS OF THE AGREEMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 37 THE CONSULTANT’S DUTIES............................................................................................................................................ 38 THE CHICAGO POLICE DEPARTMENT’S OBLIGATIONS ........................................................................................................... 39 PART III. ASSESSMENT OF THE DEPARTMENT’S COMPLIANCE WITH STOP & FRISK POLICIES, PROCEDURES & PRACTICES ........................................................................................................................................................... 40 THE CONSULTANT’S INTERPRETATION OF THE POLICY DIRECTIVES .......................................................................................... 40 THE IMPACT OF THE ISR WORKFLOW (“PROTOCOLS”) ........................................................................................................ 42 THE CONFLICT BETWEEN ISR WORKFLOW PROTOCOLS & CPD POLICY ................................................................................... 46 As Written ........................................................................................................................................................... 46 As Applied ............................................................................................................................................................ 47 As Misapplied ...................................................................................................................................................... 47 THE INTEGRITY SECTION’S ROLE & RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................................................................................... 52 THE ROLE OF REVIEWING SUPERVISORS & EXECUTIVE OFFICERS ............................................................................................ 54 SUPERVISORY REVIEW METHODS .................................................................................................................................... 56 COMMON SUPERVISORY REVIEW ERRORS & ISR EXAMPLES ................................................................................................. 57 Misapplication of the Administrative Rejection Code for ISRs with RAS Deficiencies ......................................... 59 Non-Transparent Comments by Reviewing Supervisors in ISRs Rejected for Administrative Errors ................... 65 Approval of Multiple-Versions ISRs Often Conflicts with the Fourth Amendment .............................................. 74 Substantive Changes to the Original ISR ............................................................................................................. 75 Inconsistent ISRs Erroneously Approved .............................................................................................................. 77 P a g e | 3 Questionable Stop Types & Protective Pat Downs .............................................................................................. 80 AUDITING METHODS & PROBLEMS .................................................................................................................................. 83 District Level Monthly Audits ............................................................................................................................... 84 Department-Level/Integrity Section Audits ......................................................................................................... 86 CIVILIAN AND INTERNAL COMPLAINTS............................................................................................................................... 90 TRAINING, RE-TRAINING, ENHANCED SUPERVISION AND DISCIPLINE ....................................................................................... 92 Re-Training and Training Initiatives .................................................................................................................... 93 Progressive Discipline .......................................................................................................................................... 96 PART IV. ASSESSMENTS OF THE CY2017 ISR DATA ............................................................................................... 97 THE IMPACT OF UNDERREPORTED PROBABLE CAUSE STOPS .................................................................................................. 97 THE IMPACT OF UNREPORTED ISR DATA IN ARREST REPORTS ............................................................................................. 101 THE IMPACT OF CHECK BOX ERRORS IN THE ISRS .............................................................................................................. 103 PART V. LEGAL ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................. 116 FOURTH AMENDMENT JUSTIFICATION ............................................................................................................................ 116 ADVERSE DISPARATE IMPACT ........................................................................................................................................ 119 CONCLUDING THOUGHTS ............................................................................................................................................. 120 PART VI. RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 121 ISR FORM REVISION RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................................. 121 CHECK BOX RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 121 NARRATIVE REMARKS .............................................................................................................................................. 122 ISR WORKFLOW REPORT STATUS CODES ..................................................................................................................