CDF STUDY REPORT MOON VILLAGE Conceptual Design of a Lunar Habitat CDF-202(A) Issue 1.1 September 2020 Moon Village CDF Study Report: CDF-202(A) – Issue 1.1 September 2020 page 1 of 185 CDF Study Report Moon Village Conceptual Design of a Lunar Habitat ESA UNCLASSIFIED – Releasable to the Public Moon Village CDF Study Report: CDF-202(A) – Issue 1.1 September 2020 page 2 of 185 This study is based on the ESA CDF Open Concurrent Design Tool (OCDT), which is a community software tool released under ESA licence. All rights reserved. Further information and/or additional copies of the report can be requested from: A. Makaya ESA/ESTEC/TEC-MSP Postbus 299 2200 AG Noordwijk The Netherlands Tel: +31-(0)71-5653721 Fax: [email protected] For further information on the Concurrent Design Facility please contact: I.Roma ESA/ESTEC/TEC-SYE Postbus 299 2200 AG Noordwijk The Netherlands Tel: +31-(0)71-5658453 Fax: +31-(0)71-5656024 [email protected] FRONT COVER Study Logo showing Stylised Lunar Habitats with Earth in the background ESA UNCLASSIFIED – Releasable to the Public Moon Village CDF Study Report: CDF-202(A) – Issue 1.1 September 2020 page 3 of 185 STUDY TEAM This study was performed in the ESTEC Concurrent Design Facility (CDF) by the following interdisciplinary team: TEAM LEADER R. Biesbroek, TEC-SYE ADVANCED H. Lakk, TEC-SF POWER K. Stephenson, CONCEPTS A. Barco, TEC-EPM LIFE SUPPORT B. Lamaze, TEC-MMG RADIATION M. Vuolo, M. Holmberg, TEC-EPS MISSION M. Landgraf, STRUCTURES D. de Wilde, TEC-MSS ARCHITECTURE N. Gollins, HRE-S MECHANISMS J. Smith, SYSTEMS D. Binns, P. Zaltron, D. Brandao, TEC-SYE T. Adam, TEC-MSM THERMAL P. Hager, M. Solyga, C. Buti, TEC-MTT Under the responsibility of: A. Makaya, TEC-MSP Study Manager P. Messina, DG-SM, Customer With the technical contribution of: O. Dubois-Matra, TEC-SAG, Guidance Navigation and Control A. Cowley, HRE-XE, In-Situ Resource Utilisation C. Mooney, TEC-QEE, Safety Materials M. Portaluppi, TEC-QEE, Safety Materials M. Arnhof, External, Crew Accommodation D. Inocente, SOM (External) C. Koop, SOM (External) G. Petrov, SOM (External) J. Hoffman, MIT (External) ESA UNCLASSIFIED – Releasable to the Public Moon Village CDF Study Report: CDF-202(A) – Issue 1.1 September 2020 page 4 of 185 The following people attended as observers: M. Khan, OPS-GFA, Mission Analysis H. Ertel, TEC-XE A. Kapoglou, HRE-S B. Rich, TEC-SF E. Sefton-Nash, SCI-SC A. Lill, TEC-SWG M. McCaughrean, SCI-A J. Carpenter, HRE-S J. Alves, HRE-X The editing and compilation of this report has been provided by: A. Pickering, TEC-SYE, Technical Author ESA UNCLASSIFIED – Releasable to the Public Moon Village CDF Study Report: CDF-202(A) – Issue 1.1 September 2020 page 5 of 185 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 9 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................ 9 1.2 Objective ................................................................................................................. 9 1.3 Scope .................................................................................................................... 10 1.4 Document Structure ............................................................................................. 10 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................... 11 2.1 Study Flow ............................................................................................................. 11 2.2 Requirements and Design Drivers ........................................................................ 11 2.3 Mission ................................................................................................................. 12 2.4 Technical Conclusions and Options..................................................................... 16 3 SYSTEMS ............................................................................................. 17 3.1 Methodology .......................................................................................................... 17 3.2 Background ........................................................................................................... 17 3.2.1 ESA Moon Village Concept ............................................................................. 17 3.2.2 Previous Work ................................................................................................. 17 3.2.3 ESA-SOM-MIT Proposed Habitat Design ..................................................... 19 3.3 System Requirements and Design Drivers .......................................................... 25 3.4 Mission System Architecture ............................................................................... 26 3.4.1 Concept of Operations ................................................................................... 26 3.4.2 Mission Components ..................................................................................... 29 3.4.3 Mission Categories and Options .................................................................... 30 3.5 System Assumptions and Trade-Offs .................................................................. 33 3.5.1 Assumptions ................................................................................................... 33 3.5.2 Lander Sizing ................................................................................................. 33 3.5.3 Tug Sizing ....................................................................................................... 37 3.5.4 Launch Scenarios ........................................................................................... 38 3.5.5 Habitat Radiation Shielding Trade-Off ......................................................... 44 3.6 Baseline Solution .................................................................................................. 46 3.6.1 Habitat Overview ........................................................................................... 46 3.6.2 Habitat Design Summary .............................................................................. 47 3.6.3 Mass Budget ................................................................................................... 48 3.6.4 Power Budget ................................................................................................. 50 3.6.5 Launch Baseline ............................................................................................. 52 3.7 System Options .................................................................................................... 55 3.8 Technology Needs ................................................................................................ 57 4 CREW ACCOMMODATION ................................................................. 59 4.1 Challenges and Needs Within the Concept of Operations .................................. 59 4.1.1 Testing ............................................................................................................ 59 4.1.2 Inflation and Deployment of the Habitat ...................................................... 59 4.1.3 Outfitting and Commissioning of the Habitat ............................................... 59 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – Releasable to the Public Moon Village CDF Study Report: CDF-202(A) – Issue 1.1 September 2020 page 6 of 185 4.1.4 Minimum Accommodation Functionalities .................................................. 59 4.1.5 Crew Accommodation Requirements ............................................................ 60 4.1.6 Partial Gravity Challenges.............................................................................. 60 4.2 Baseline Solution .................................................................................................. 61 4.3 Budgets ................................................................................................................. 61 4.3.1 Galley and Food System ................................................................................. 61 4.3.2 Waste Collection and Hygiene ....................................................................... 61 4.3.3 Sleep Accommodation, Health and Clothing ................................................ 62 4.3.4 Operational Supplies and Maintenance ........................................................ 64 4.3.5 Airlocks ........................................................................................................... 64 4.3.6 Power Requirements ...................................................................................... 65 4.3.7 Total Budgets Over All Crew Accommodation Elements .............................. 65 4.4 Technology Needs ................................................................................................ 66 5 CONFIGURATION - STRUCTURES ..................................................... 69 5.1 Challenges and Needs Within the Concept of Operations .................................. 69 5.2 Baseline Design .................................................................................................... 70 5.3 Budgets ................................................................................................................. 76 6 MECHANISMS ..................................................................................... 77 6.1 Challenges and Needs Within the Concept of Operations .................................. 77 6.2 Baseline Design ...................................................................................................