Hull History Centre: Papers of Dr Royston Aubrey Bruton U DRB Papers of Dr Royston Aubrey Bruton 1924-1994 Biographical background: Royston Aubrey Bruton was born near Chesham in Buckinghamshire in 1936 and attended Amersham College, a private high school. After national service he graduated with a certificate of education from Worcester Teachers' Training College in 1959 and was then awarded scholarships that took him to the London School of Economics where he graduated with a bachelor of science degree in 1964. In 1966 he obtained a diploma in education from the London University Institute of Education. He was also appointed lecturer at Battersea College of Education where he taught until 1978. He was promoted to senior lecturer in 1967. Through this time he worked on his masters dissertation on Chinese education in Sarawak 1841-1941 and was awarded his degree in 1971 through the Institute of Education in the department for education in developing countries. In 1971 he registered as a doctoral student through the Institute and began his research on education and the Bidayuh people of Sarawak, whom he visited in four consecutive years from 1973 to 1976. He studied the work of schools in the Tebia area of the Kuching district, coming into contact with Archdeacon Peter Howes, explaining why some of Howes' work is embedded within the Bruton archive. Howes was a missionary with the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and later became assistant bishop of Kuching. He retired in 1981. Roy Bruton left his post at Battersea College in 1978 to concentrate on his PhD thesis which was submitted in final form in 1981, when he was awarded the degree in the sociology of education by the University of London. In his final years he worked from his home, Chenies, near Rickmansworth, with the intention of setting up a socio-political study centre and an associated private press. He prepared his own doctoral work for publication and this appeared as Farewell to democracy in Sarawak: theoretical exploration of socio-cultural transmissions, with reference to change, conflict and contradiction (1993). The final touches to this book were made in the week before he died prematurely from the emphysema which had troubled him for many years. He died in Harefield Hospital in January 1993. Custodial History: Donated in 1993, some additional material received from Professor King in July 1994. Description: The research papers of Dr Roy Bruton comprise material collected for his masters and doctoral theses on Chinese education and the education of the Bidayuh people (Land Dayak) of Sarawak, Malaysia. The papers in more detail are as follows: six card index boxes (1966-1993); masters dissertation on Chinese education in Sarawak (1971); doctoral dissertation on Bidayuh education in Sarawak (1981); field notes and photographs of the Bidayuh (1970s); one copy of and photocopies of Farewell to democracy in Sarawak (1993); the works of the Reverend Peter H H Howes in published form (1952-1994); miscellaneous papers relating to the Bidayuh (1970s) including photocopied extracts of secondary and primary source material (from Dayak Bidayuh National Association Thirtieth Anniversary page 1 of 24 Hull History Centre: Papers of Dr Royston Aubrey Bruton Publication [1989]); maps (1949-1974) mostly of Sarawak; primary material on education in Sarawak (1968-1976); information about Sarawak schools, Sarawak Malays and Sarawak Chinese (1970s); papers on the Cheyne Organization and Cheyne Press (1970s and 1980s); photocopied journal articles and reviews (1954-1992); material on Malaysian politics and elections (1978-1991); a small amount of material collected on Margaret Mead (1986-1987) and some general material (especially secondary sources) on Asian history and politics as well as general literature on modern development and education. Arrangement: U DRB/1-9 Indexes and MA and PhD theses U DRB/10 Rt Rev. Peter HH Howes U DRB/11 Papers relating to the Bidayuh (Land Dayaks) of Sarawak U DRB/12-23 Miscellaneous papers relating to Sarawak, Malaysia, South - East Asia, Education and Margaret Mead Extent: 2.5 linear metres Related Material: U DBA Papers of Dr David Bassett U DJA Papers of Professor Mervyn Jaspan U DDA Papers of Frederick W. Dalley U DPN Papers of Rev. Dr Harry Parkin U DSE Artificial Collection of South East Asian Manuscripts Access Conditions: Access will be granted to any accredited reader. Language: English and a number of South East Asian languages but none specifically identified U DRB/1-6 Card indexes 20th 6 boxes century U DRB/1 Small blue index file box containing approximately 400 c.1993 cards, apparently the index Dr R Bruton's book 'Farewell to Democracy in Sarawak' Including revisions after typesetting c. 400 items U DRB/2 Small blue index file box containing approximately 400 20th century cards, apparently the index Dr R Bruton's book 'Farewell to Democracy in Sarawak' Including revisions after typesetting c. 400 items page 2 of 24 Hull History Centre: Papers of Dr Royston Aubrey Bruton U DRB/3 Small blue index file box containing approximately 400 20th century cards, apparently the index Dr R Bruton's book 'Farewell to Democracy in Sarawak' Including revisions after typesetting c. 400 items U DRB/4 Small blue index file box belonging to Dr R Bruton: 20th century bibliography, labelled: (i) Sarawak and general Malaysian material (ii) Sarawak (iii) Development (iv) South-East Asia (v) Education In most cases, authors and titles only are recorded. c. 400 items U DRB/5 A blue index card box belonging to Dr R Bruton, mostly 20th century containing small cards, 3 in. x 5 in., about 400 cards Under the headings: (vi) Anthropology (vii) The Chinese community (viii) Miri - Bintowo research project (ix) Kambug primary community research project (x) Minimal Malay course (xi) The Malays (xii) Home Economics There are also a few miscellaneous cards, not filed in order. c. 400 items U DRB/6 A blue index card box belonging to Dr R Bruton. Contains 20th century a few miscellaneous cards, 3'' x 5'', together with sets of larger title cards, mostly without any records 1 bundle U DRB/7-23 Subject files 20th cent. U DRB/7 Typed copy. 'The development of Chinese Education in 1971 Sarawak during the period of the White Rajahs, 1841- 1941', by Royston Aubrey Bruton, BSc (Soc). Dissertation submitted in part fulfilment for the MA degree in Education of the University of London Institute of Education, September 1971 (138 pp.) Contents: Abstract, p. 2. Introduction, p. 6 Part 1 - Background factors: 1 The Chinese in Sarawak, 17 2 Educational background in the ancestral land, 34 Part 2 - Education during the period of Rajah James Brooke, 1841-1868: page 3 of 24 Hull History Centre: Papers of Dr Royston Aubrey Bruton U DRB/7 1 James Brooke and the Anglican mission, 45 1971 cont... 2 Early mission schools and the Chinese, 50 Part 3 - Education during the period of Rajah Charles Brooke, 1868-1917 1 Towards the formalisation of an educational policy, 54 2 Mission education and educational policy, 60 3 Government lay schools - Sarawak College, 66 4 The Chinese and the mission schools, 75 5 Factors accounting for the rise of Chinese vernacular schools, 81 Part 4 - Education during the period of Rajah Vyner Brooke, 1917-1941 1 Education policy and administration, 91 2 The Chinese and mission schools, 105 3 The Chinese school system, 110 Conclusion, p. 128. Bibliography, p. 133. Addendum, p. 138 In his abstract, Bruton says: 'This study explains the development of Chinese education in Sarawak in the terms of interaction between Brooke educational policy and practice; historical- structural aspects of the Chinese communities; Chinese traditional education; external constraints arising from educational and political change in China ... A major conclusion is that Brooke education and economic policies had the manifest and latent functions of creating structural inequalities which are of enduring significance for Sarawak today' 1 item U DRB/8A Box file. RA Bruton's doctoral thesis 1981 1 file U DRB/8A/1 R.A. Bruton: PhD thesis. 'A Remote Bidayuh Area in 1981 Sarawak and Schooling: a theoretical exploration of socio-cultural transmission, with reference to change, conflict and contradiction' Submitted at the University of London, April 1981. PhD awarded September 1981, in the Faculty of Education (pp. 323, typescript A4). Contents: Abstract, p. 2. Acknowledgements, p. 5. Introduction, p. 6. 1) Searching for theoretical perspectives: 1 The historical perspective, 12 2 The anthropological perspective, 19 3 New conceptualizations: classification and framing: (i) socio-cultural transmission, 25 (ii) production and transmissions, 36 page 4 of 24 Hull History Centre: Papers of Dr Royston Aubrey Bruton U DRB/8A/1 2) Engaging in the field: 1981 cont.. 1 Sensitization and preliminaries, 50 2 Methodology and problems, 33 3 Making sense of the data, 57 3) Aspects of Sarawak's changing social structure: 1 Introduction, 61 2 Political, 64 3 Demographic, 70 4 Economic, 80 5 Educational, 89 4) The research area: 1 Introduction: physical features, 102 2 The people and their kampongs, 105 3 The economy,121 4 Schooling,128 5) Community: integrated code transmissions and production: 1 Introduction,143 2 Code and codings of transmissions, 147 3 Aspects of infancy and early childhood, 154 4 Invisible pedegogy - space, time and control (C-F), 163 5 Codes of production and socio-cultural transmissions, 172 6) Primary school: collection code transmissions: 1 Code, codingsand visible pedagogy (+C+F), 179 2 Aspects of social context, 181 3 Space, 193 4 Time, 201 5 Control, 212 7) Secondary school: collection code transmissions: 1 Code and codings, 220 2 Aspects of the social context, 224 3 Positional structure and transmission field, 233 4 Curriculum (++C), 238 5 Pedagogy (++F), 242 6 Evaluation (++C++F), 247 Conclusion: Change, conflict and contradiction, 258 Appendices: A General rules for students, 277 B Pupil record card, 281 C School and community research project, 285 D Integrated codes and social order, 288 E The Padawan Development Scheme (1957-1963), 296 Reference and notes, p.