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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS i ined, a he original t be ret Biographical Memoirs ion. om r f ibut r t cannot not NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES r at o f book, however, version ng, i t at ive at rm riginal paper it o f c hor i f he o t om r he aut f ng-speci http://www.nap.edu/catalog/5737.html Biographical MemoirsV.71 as t ed i t ion peset y iles creat L f her t M is publicat h X t of om and ot r f yles, version posed Copyright © National Academy ofSciences. Allrights reserved. print e recom h heading st t use has been ease l P word breaks, work ed. hs, insert original e h ally t line lengt ion of at accident he original; t o been ue t l represent r a y have a are t m is new digit errors breaks h T age ile: P f F pographic iles. D y f P t e ng is i t h t som peset bout y and t A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS ii riginal paper book, not the from original itative version for attribution. fic formatting,fic however, cannot be retained, http://www.nap.edu/catalog/5737.html Biographical MemoirsV.71 Copyright © National Academy ofSciences. Allrights reserved. About PDFthis file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created the from o typesetting files. Page breaks are true the line lengths, word breaks, to original; heading styles, and other typesetting-speci and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the author Biographical Memoirs V.71 http://www.nap.edu/catalog/5737.html BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS iii NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Biographical Memoirs VOLUME 71 riginal paper book, not the from original itative version for attribution. fic formatting,fic however, cannot be retained, NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. 1997 About PDFthis file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created the from o typesetting files. Page breaks are true the line lengths, word breaks, to original; heading styles, and other typesetting-speci and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the author Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Biographical Memoirs V.71 http://www.nap.edu/catalog/5737.html BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS iv The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by Act of Congress as a private, non- profit, self-governing membership corporation for the furtherance of science and technology, required to advise the federal government upon request within its fields of competence. Under its corporate charter the Academy established the National Research Council in 1916, the National Academy of Engineering in 1964, and the Institute of Medicine in 1970. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER 0-309-05738-8 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER 0077-2933 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 5-26629 riginal paper book, not the from original itative version for attribution. Available from fic formatting,fic however, cannot be retained, NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 CONSTITUTION AVENUE, N.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20418 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA About PDFthis file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created the from o typesetting files. Page breaks are true the line lengths, word breaks, to original; heading styles, and other typesetting-speci and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the author Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Biographical Memoirs V.71 http://www.nap.edu/catalog/5737.html CONTENTS v CONTENTS riginal paper book, not the from original itative version for attribution. PREFACE vii fic formatting,fic however, cannot be retained, JEROME W. CONN 3 BY WILLIAM H. DAUGHADAY ALLAN V. COX 17 BY KONRAD B. KRAUSKOPF JOHN MICHAEL DALY 33 BY MYRON K. BRAKKE EDWARD SMITH DEEVEY, JR. 49 BY W. T. EDMONDSON BERNARD N. FIELDS 63 BY SONDRA SCHLESINGER RAYMOND MATTHEW FUOSS 79 BY MICHAEL A. COPLAN LESTER ORVILLE KRAMPITZ 97 BY ROBERT HOGG, CHARLES G. MILLER, AND C. WILLARD SHUSTER ERNEST GEORGE MERRITT 111 BY PAUL L. HARTMAN About PDFthis file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created the from o typesetting files. Page breaks are true the line lengths, word breaks, to original; heading styles, and other typesetting-speci and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the author Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Biographical Memoirs V.71 http://www.nap.edu/catalog/5737.html CONTENTS vi ROBERT McC. NETTING 125 BY OLGA F. LINARES ALLEN NEWELL 141 BY HERBERT A. SIMON J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER 175 BY H. A. BETHE riginal paper book, not the from original itative version for attribution. LINUS CARL PAULING 221 fic formatting,fic however, cannot be retained, BY JACK D. DUNITZ CARL PFAFFMANN 263 BY LORRIN A. RIGGS EDWARD SAPIR 281 BY REGNA DARNELL AND JUDITH T. IRVINE RICHARD LESTER SOLOMON 301 BY ROBERT A. RESCORLA ROGER WOLCOTT SPERRY 315 BY THEODORE J. VONEIDA DEWITT STETTEN, JR. 333 BY J. EDWIN SEEGMILLER JABEZ CURRY STREET 347 BY K. T. BAINBRIDGE, E. M. PURCELL, N. F. RAMSEY, AND K. STRAUCH FRANCIS JOHN TURNER 357 BY IRIS Y. BORG AND LIONEL E. WEISS ERNEST GLEN WEVER 371 BY JACK VERNON About PDFthis file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created the from o typesetting files. Page breaks are true the line lengths, word breaks, to original; heading styles, and other typesetting-speci and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the author Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Biographical Memoirs V.71 http://www.nap.edu/catalog/5737.html PREFACE vii PREFACE On March 3, 1863, Abraham Lincoln signed the Act of Incorporation that riginal paper book, not the from original itative version for attribution. brought the National Academy of Sciences into being. In accordance with that fic formatting,fic however, cannot be retained, original charter, the Academy is a private, honorary organization of scientists, elected for outstanding contributions to knowledge, who can be called upon to advise the federal government. As an institution the Academy's goal is to work toward increasing scientific knowledge and to further the use of that knowledge for the general good. The Biographical Memoirs, begun in 1877, are a series of volumes containing the life histories and selected bibliographies of deceased members of the Academy. Colleagues familiar with the discipline and the subject's work prepare the essays. These volumes, then, contain a record of the life and work of our most distinguished leaders in the sciences, as witnessed and interpreted by their colleagues and peers. They form a biographical history of science in America—an important part of our nation's contribution to the intellectual heritage of the world. PETER H. RAVEN Home Secretary About PDFthis file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created the from o typesetting files. Page breaks are true the line lengths, word breaks, to original; heading styles, and other typesetting-speci and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the author Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. PREFACE viii riginal paper book, not the from original itative version for attribution. fic formatting,fic however, cannot be retained, http://www.nap.edu/catalog/5737.html Biographical MemoirsV.71 Copyright © National Academy ofSciences. Allrights reserved. About PDFthis file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created the from o typesetting files. Page breaks are true the line lengths, word breaks, to original; heading styles, and other typesetting-speci and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the author Biographical Memoirs V.71 http://www.nap.edu/catalog/5737.html BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS 1 Biographical Memoirs VOLUME 71 riginal paper book, not the from original itative version for attribution.