his study addresses subject-specific requirements for research infra- Studies on Tstructure with a focus on the influences of Open Access. Open Access is treated in a broad sense covering open access to literature, open data Subject-Specific and open science. Considering the wide variety of aspects to be analysed and the early stages of developing a general account of Open Access in- Requirements for frastructure, the study took a case-based approach and deliberately did not attempt to provide a representative account of research. In the prag- Open Access matic approach taken, six partners (institutions and organisations) were chosen to provide their subjective view on Open Access infrastructure. Infrastructure These partners are considered as exemplars of research and infrastruc- ture institutions in a given subject area. Edited by Christian Meier zu Verl and Wolfram Horstmann Chr. Meier zu Verl and W. Horstmann: Studies on Subject-Specific Requirements for Open Access Infrastructure Chr. Meier zu Verl and W. Horstmann: Studies on Subject-Specific ISBN 978-3-943363-00-5 oa-casestudies_cover_121114.indd 1 14.11.2012 15:40:08 Studies on Subject-Specific Requirements for Open Access Infrastructure Edited by Christian Meier zu Verl and Wolfram Horstmann Editorial arrangement and Chapter A, H Christian Meier zu Verl and Wolfram Horstmann 2011 Chapter B Hugo Besemer, Chris Addison, Francesca Pelloni, Enrica M. Porcari and Nadia Manning-Thomas 2011 Chapter C Dennis Spohr and Philipp Cimiano 2011 Chapter D Leonardo Candela, Akrivi Katifori and Paolo Manghi 2011 Chapter E Arjan Hogenaar, Heiko Tjalsma and Mike Priddy 2011 Chapter F Ilse Hamann 2011 Chapter G Johanna McEntyre and Alma Swan 2011 First published 2011 Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 D-33615 Bielefeld A catalogue record for this book is available from the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek ISBN: 978-3-943363-00-5 DOI: 10.2390/PUB-2011-1 $PWFSJNBHFCZ+POBUIBO;BOEFS!IUUQQIPUPHSBQIZK[OFUPSHVOEFSUIF$$CZ4"-JDFOTF Typeset: Da-TeX Gerd Blumenstein, Leipzig (Germany) Proofreading: Katharine Timberlake, Portknockie Banffshire (UK) Funded by the European Commission Contents Executive Summary 1 A Introduction 5 Christian Meier zu Verl and Wolfram Horstmann 1 Context.............................. 7 2 Scope............................... 10 3 Disciplines and institutions ................... 11 4 Methods.............................. 13 5 Research questions ........................ 15 6 Bibliography ........................... 16 B Agricultural Research 19 Hugo Besemer, Chris Addison, Francesca Pelloni, Enrica M. Porcari and Nadia Manning-Thomas 1 Introduction ............................ 19 1.1 Case study: socioeconomic surveys: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) ........... 21 1.2 Case study: ongoing agricultural research and develop- ment capacity survey ................... 23 1.3 Case study: multisite agricultural trial database for cli- mate change analysis ................... 25 1.4 Case study: plant genetics resources: the Singer system and further ........................ 27 2 Current status of research infrastructure workflows and re- search life cycle .......................... 29 2.1 Introduction to the research infrastructure ....... 29 2.2 Scientists, centres and system-wide programmes . 30 2.3 Knowledge sharing .................... 30 3 Current status of Open Access in agriculture ......... 32 3.1 Coverage of agricultural Open Access journals in sci- entific journal metrics indexes .............. 32 3.2 Open Access repositories in the CGIAR ........ 35 3.3 Open Access mandates .................. 38 Contents 4 Open Access to data: overview of CGIAR data sets ...... 39 4.1 Introduction ....................... 39 4.2 Outside the star system ................. 39 4.3 Data available online in publications .......... 41 4.4 Structured data sets ................... 43 4.5 Data portals ....................... 50 5 Challenges and opportunities .................. 52 5.1 Challenges ........................ 52 5.2 Opportunities ....................... 53 6 Future directions and summary ................. 54 6.1 Provision of data sets with publications ........ 54 6.2 More work on interactive data visualisations ...... 55 6.3 Publishing data in more interactive formats ...... 55 6.4 Application programming interfaces .......... 56 6.5 Knowledge sharing .................... 56 6.6 Promotion ......................... 58 6.7 Collaborative efforts ................... 60 6.8 Ubiquitous telecommunications infrastructure ..... 60 6.9 Cloud computing ..................... 62 6.10 Increased use of spatial analysis and GIS ....... 64 7 List of figures ........................... 65 8 Listoftables........................... 65 9 Bibliography ........................... 65 10 Further reading .......................... 66 11 Glossary.............................. 68 C Information and Communication Technology 69 Dennis Spohr and Philipp Cimiano 1 History, structure and mission .................. 69 2 Methodology ........................... 72 2.1 Introductory interview .................. 72 2.2 Observation ........................ 72 2.3 Questionnaire ....................... 72 2.4 Semi-structured interview ................ 73 2.5 Website analysis of publication behaviour ....... 73 3 Case narratives .......................... 74 3.1 Behavioural sciences, natural sciences and neuroscience (BehNatNeur) ...................... 74 3.2 Social sciences and humanities (SocHum) ....... 79 3.3 Theoretical and applied computer science (CompSci) . 82 3.4 Robotics and engineering (RobEng) .......... 85 4 Representativeness of this case study . ........... 89 vi Contents 5 Current status of research infrastructure ............ 90 5.1 Infrastructural facilities and services .......... 91 5.2 Overview of the data lifecycle .............. 99 6 Current status of Open Access to literature . ......... 106 6.1 Results of questionnaire ................. 106 6.2 Results of empirical website analysis .......... 106 6.3 Discussion of results . .................. 107 7 Current status of Open Access to research data ........ 109 7.1 Policies and limits .................... 109 7.2 Willingness to share data ................ 110 7.3 Discussion of results . .................. 110 8 Challenges ............................. 115 8.1 Data management .................... 115 8.2 Publication management ................. 118 9 Future developments ....................... 119 9.1 Literature management . ................ 119 9.2 Data management .................... 120 10 Implications for Open Access infrastructure .......... 121 10.1 Technical implications .................. 121 10.2 Scholarly implications .................. 121 11 Acknowledgements........................ 122 12 Listoffigures........................... 122 13 List of tables ........................... 124 D e-Infrastructures Area 125 Leonardo Candela, Akrivi Katifori and Paolo Manghi 1 Introduction ............................ 125 2 Methodology and representativeness of the study ....... 126 3 Case narratives .......................... 128 3.1 D-Lib research group ................... 128 3.2 Agro-Know ........................ 134 3.3 National Documentation Center (EKT) ........ 137 3.4 Greek Research & Technology Network (GRNET) . 140 3.5 MADGIK research group ................ 143 3.6 Engineering R&D Unit on Clouds and distributed com- puting infrastructures .................. 146 4 Current status .......................... 151 4.1 Researchdata....................... 153 4.2 Literature ......................... 155 4.3 Linking literature and research data .......... 156 4.4 Open Access ....................... 156 vii Contents 5 Desiderata and future directions ................ 158 5.1 Research data ....................... 158 5.2 Literature ......................... 159 5.3 Linking literature and research data .......... 159 5.4 Open Access ....................... 160 5.5 A research infrastructure for e-Infrastructure researchers........................ 160 6 List of figures ........................... 162 7 Listoftables........................... 162 8 Bibliography ........................... 162 E Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences 165 Arjan Hogenaar, Heiko Tjalsma and Mike Priddy 1 Introduction ............................ 165 2 Workflows in social sciences and humanities research ..... 167 2.1 Phasesinsocialscienceresearch............ 167 2.2 The lifecycle in the humanities ............. 167 3 Case studies . .......................... 169 3.1 Archaeology ....................... 169 3.2 Political science ...................... 176 3.3 History .......................... 178 3.4 Law............................ 181 3.5 Economics, social science ................ 182 3.6 Linguistics ........................ 184 3.7 E-Science ......................... 185 3.8 Important general issues ................. 187 4 Current status of Open Access ................. 187 4.1 Data . .......................... 187 4.2 Publications ........................ 189 5 Current research infrastructure projects ............ 191 5.1 AlfaLab .......................... 192 5.2 Connecting ARchaeology and ARchitecture to Euro- peana (CARARE) .................... 193 5.3 Council of European Social Science Data Archives (CESSDA) . ...................... 194 5.4 Common Language Resources and Technology Infras- tructure (CLARIN) ................... 194 5.5 CLIO-INFRA ....................... 195 5.6 Digital Collaboratory for Cultural Dendrochronology (DCCD) .........................