Name: _________________ Date: _____________________________ Class: ____ Social Studies NTI Day 3 The Compromise of 1850 Until 1845, it had seemed likely that the region into states, the people slavery would be confined to the areas themselves could decide. where it already existed. It had been given Despite the vitality of the limits by the Missouri Compromise in abolitionist movement, most Northerners 1820 and had no opportunity to overstep were unwilling to challenge the existence them. The new territories made renewed of slavery in the South. Many, however, expansion of slavery a real likelihood. were against its expansion. In 1848 nearly Many Northerners believed that if 300,000 men voted for the candidates of a not allowed to spread, slavery would new Free Soil Party, which declared that ultimately decline and die. To justify their the best policy was "to limit, localize, and opposition to adding new slave states, they discourage slavery." In the immediate pointed to the statements of Washington aftermath of the war with Mexico, and Jefferson, and to the Ordinance of however, popular sovereignty had 1787, which forbade the extension of considerable appeal. slavery into the Northwest. Texas, which In January 1848 the discovery of already permitted slavery, naturally gold in California precipitated a headlong entered the Union as a slave state. But the rush of settlers, more than 80,000 in the California, New Mexico, and Utah single year of 1849. Congress had to territories did not have slavery. From the determine the status of this new region beginning, there were strongly conflicting quickly in order to establish an organized opinions on whether they should. government. The venerable Kentucky Southerners urged that all the lands Senator Henry Clay, who twice before in acquired from Mexico should be thrown times of crisis had come forward with open to slave holders. Antislavery compromise arrangements, advanced a Northerners demanded that all the new complicated and carefully balanced plan. regions be closed to slavery. One group of His old Massachusetts rival, Daniel moderates suggested that the Missouri Webster, supported it. Illinois Compromise line be extended to the Pacific with free states north of it and slave states to the south. Another group proposed that the question be left to "popular sovereignty." The government should permit settlers to enter the new territory with or without slaves as they pleased. When the time came to organize Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas, ____________________________________________ the leading advocate of popular ____________________________________________ sovereignty, did much of the work in guiding it through Congress. 3. What was the Free Soil Party’s stance The Compromise of 1850 contained on slavery? the following provisions: (1) California ____________________________________________ was admitted to the Union as a free state; ____________________________________________ (2) the remainder of the Mexican cession ____________________________________________ was divided into the two territories of New Mexico and Utah and organized without ____________________________________________ mention of slavery; (3) the claim of Texas to a portion of New Mexico was satisfied 4. Who crafted the Compromise of 1850? by a payment of $10 million; (4) new a. Abraham Lincoln legislation (the Fugitive Slave Act) was b. Daniel Webster passed to apprehend runaway slaves and c. Henry Clay return them to their masters; and (5) the d. Stephen A. Douglas buying and selling of slaves (but not slavery) was abolished in the District of 5. Describe the Fugitive Slave Act. Columbia. ____________________________________________ The country breathed a sigh of relief. For the next three years, the ____________________________________________ compromise seemed to settle nearly all ____________________________________________ differences. The new Fugitive Slave Law, ____________________________________________ however, was an immediate source of ____________________________________________ tension. It deeply offended many Northerners, who refused to have any part 6. Imagine that you are an elected in catching slaves. Some actively and representative in 1850. Would you violently obstructed its enforcement. The support the Compromise of 1850? Underground Railroad became more Why or why not? efficient and daring than ever. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ 1. Describe the arguments against ____________________________________________ allowing slavery in the new Western ____________________________________________ states. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ 2. Define the term “popular sovereignty.” ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Name__________________________________ Date English NTI Day 3 Day 3 (Snow Day Lesson) Read article and answer questions at the end. Sandy Hook: Judge dismisses families' lawsuit against gunmaker By Deborah Feyerick and Chris Welch, CNN Updated Fri October 14, 2016 A Connecticut judge has dismissed a lawsuit that families of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting victims had filed against a gun manufacturer. In her decision granting the company's motion to strike the case, Superior Court Judge Barbara Bellis invoked a federal statute known as PLCAA, the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act. The law prohibits lawsuits against gun manufacturers and distributors if their firearms were used in the commission of a criminal act. The families had sought an exemption through a claim of "negligent entrustment," arguing the maker knowingly marketed and sold the Bushmaster AR-15 rifle to civilians despite knowing it posed a risk when used outside "highly regulated institutions" such as law enforcement or the military. Remington is the parent company of Bushmaster. Bellis said the "criminal misuse of a weapon" by Adam Lanza means the action "falls squarely within the broad immunity provided by PLCAA," adding that the arguments presented by the families do not fit within the definition of negligent entrustment. Joshua Koskoff, an attorney for the families, said in a statement that his clients plan to appeal. "While the families are obviously disappointed with the judge's decision, this is not the end of the fight. We will appeal this decision immediately and continue our work to help prevent the next Sandy Hook from happening," he said. U.S. Sen. Chris Murphy of Connecticut, a prominent voice in the fight for gun control, tweeted: "Disappointed by decision to dismiss the lawsuit brought by #SandyHook families. #PLCAA denies victims of gun violence their day in court." On December 14, 2012, Lanza fatally shot his mother and then drove to an elementary school in Newtown, Connecticut, where he used the rifle to shoot to death 20 children and six adults. Lanza, 20, killed himself as police approached. The ruling comes a week after the same judge ordered Remington to continue providing discovery materials to the families' attorneys. CNN has reached out to Remington for comment. It has previously said the 2005 law provides it "complete immunity." Sandy Hook was the third-deadliest mass shooting in the United States. The Pulse nightclub shooting in June 2016 left 49 people dead and the April 2007 Virginia Tech shooting had a death toll of 32. Discussion Questions: 1. Define: lawsuit, dismissed, invoke, statute, exemption, 2. What did Judge Bellis do? 3. What might be the goals of people who want gun manufacturers to be legally liable when their guns are used in crimes? What might be the goals of those wanting to prevent this? 4. How did families of Sandy Hook victims argue that they should be able to sue despite the PLCAA? 5. How do you think a court should interpret “negligent entrustment” in the law? 6. Should people be able to buy guns? Are there any guns people shouldn’t be allowed to buy? Why or why not? 7. Should a court, in considering a lawsuit, decide that companies shouldn’t sell certain guns, or should that be up to legislators? Discuss. 8. Are the families right that the AR-15 itself poses a risk when used outside “highly regulated institutions”? Why do they think police should be able to use the gun, but others shouldn’t? 9. If you were in the position of the Sandy Hook families, would you have participated in this lawsuit? Why or why not? 10. Senator Chris Murphy says the PLCAA denied the Sandy Hook families a day in court against gun manufacturers. If he is right, did the Court interpret the law correctly or incorrectly? Discuss. Bonus: If the government were to ban the manufacture and sale of AR-15 type assault weapons to civilians, what, if anything, would or should be done about the estimated several million AR-15s already owned by American citizens? Name________________________ Science NTI DAY 3 Don't worry, bee happy? Scientists explore emotional lives of bees Famous scientist Charles Darwin once wrote in his book "The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals" that insects “express anger, terror, jealousy and love.” That was in 1872. Now, nearly 150 years