DYN AMO L IG H TIN G FOR MOT OR CARS M A DD . CO . SE C O N D E D I T I O N 1 40 IL L USTRAT ION S I oubou E N . P N L D F . H AY ARK . S T . M ET O , 57 n ew 190t h SPO CH AMBERL AI 1 2 L IBERTY STREET N N , 3 1 9 1 4 C O N T EN T S C H A P. TR D T AND R PR S I . IN O UC ION GENE AL INCIPLE — — The D yna mo Cho ice of M a chine The Accum ula tors — L a m s Bu b s o p l . TT TH E ST M I I . FI ING SY E — — — G enera l Considera tions Po sition D riv ing G ea ring — — — D rive from the Fa n Pull ey From the Flyw h eel Fro m —B in h G B x the Clutch sh a ft eh d t e ea r o . R TH E CAR III . WI ING — — Wiring up Singl e - I nsula ted System D o ub le - I nsula ted — Return Sy stem Difficulties in Ob ta ining Consta nt Output — e —~ - The Cut- Out Electrica l Cut- Outs F ree Wh eel Cut — - Out Mecha n ica l Cut Outs. P RM T T S ST M IV . E ANEN MAGNE Y E The ira Ma netolite M g . P R T AND TR - T S ST V . E MANEN ELEC O MAGNE Y EM m o D ucellier D yna . R - T V R D M VI . ELECT O MAGNE ICALLY GO E NE SYSTE V Th C A . na m T The Perfect e . D y o he Brolt — n r na m o D yna mo Th e Leit e D y . EL TR - T TR D VII . EC o MAGNE ICALLY CON OLLE SYSTEM — — Ma gicia n D ynam o Bleriot Sy stem Polkey - "arro tt — — — D y na m o F a cile D yna mo The Bosch D yna mo The Eisem a nn na mo—The Pa e n am o D y p D y . 3 4 521 3 v i CONTENTS C H A P. - C TR D S ST M VIII . MECHANICALLY ON OLLE Y E — L uca s Dyna mo m Peto a n d Radfo rd D ynam o The m o . EB. C . na . D y H T R C TR D S ST S I X . O WI E ON OLLE Y EM n m o —Rus mo re na m o L ith anode D y a h D y . X S U S F SS R S . OME E UL ACCE O IE — — Steering Col um n La mp Scuttl e D a sh La mp I nterio r — — L ighting L amp Ca pe Ca rt H ood La mp Ciga r L ighters E c ric H orns — irin o f nterior a m s l e t W g I L p . R I U K T AN D T OF -TS P EEP, MAIN ENANCE , LOCA ION FAUL 9 9 — — Bea ring s Comm utato r Co nta cts Ba tteries \V iring — — Sw itchb oa rd s Sea rching for Fa ults G enera l In struc tions. IN DEX DY N AM O L IG H TIN G FOR M OTOR CARS CH A PTER I I NTROD U CTION AN D GENERAL P RIN CI P L ES WE do not propose to enter into a technical descrip tion Of the various workings Of the dynamo lighting systems hereafter described , rather confining ourselves to the broad outline Of their various features , and indicating the main points wherein the various systems hO e to differ, in the p Of enabling the reader bring an intelligent working knowledge to bear o n the machine with which he has to do . Elect r ic lighting systems may be compared for practical purposes to a water pumping plant , and may : I The be divided into four separate parts . dynamo , which raises the pressure Of electricity to the right Of voltage , as the pump raises the pressure water to “ 2 . The the necessary head . accumulator or storage battery , which stores the electricity similarly as the o r Th tank reservoir stores the water pumped up . 3 . e o electric lamps or bulbs , which use up the st red elec trica l energy much as a water motor o r fountain u ses Th . e it and 4 wiring and switches , corresponding to the piping and taps of a hydraulic system . T L . — m C . The Dy na 0 . onsidering firstly the dynamo T : a his consists of five essential parts ( ) the armature , a rotating cylindrical magnet wound round with wire é in which the current is generated ( ) the commutator , which is suitably connected to the armature windings and c rotates with them ( ) the brushes , which press on the commutator and collect the current from it , passing it out to the necessary wires o f the system ; the field magnet , which may be either a permanent or an - o f electro magnet or a combination both , its function being to give a strong magnetic field fo r the arma ture to rotate in ; (e) the bearings and other purely mechanical details of the machine . It shoul d be remembered that the output o f the machine depends : ( I ) roughly o n the strength o f the field ; ( 2 ) o n the speed with which the armature rotates ; and ( 3) on the number of turns of wire upon the armature , although there are other factors which limit the output , such as heating , dimensions , and efficiency . — Choice o f M a chine In choosing a dynamo it o f is well to ascertain beyond the usual facts design , output , and weight that the bearings and commutator are generously proportioned , as these are the two weak points of lighting dynamos owing to the restricted f space at the disposal o the designer . A machine should also be chosen in preference which gives its lo w maximum working output at a speed , and also the “ o r speed which the dynamo cuts in , begins to generate effectively , should receive attention . The Accum ul rs —T a to . hese are generally the same description of cell used for ignition work on cars , but they must be of a sufficiently large size and very robust to take the heavy currents generated by I the dynamo . t is best to employ the cells supplied by the maker , as this gives more satisfaction both to INTROD U CTION AND GENERAL PRINCI PLE S 3 and the manufacturer who knows the battery is right , to the user who can fall back o n the maker in the event of the cells failing; A common error in the B rating o f b a tte ries may be noted here . atteries for ignition purposes are rated in Ignition ampere hours which are really double the real capacity in lighting T r 8 0 hours . hus a batte y rated at ignition ampere hours has only a capacity of 40 ampere hours for h 0 lig ting , and a cell of 3 ampere hours would give an 6 0 ignition rating of ig nition ampere hours , a barbarous survival o f the bad old days . It will be understood that 40 ampere hours means a discharge of one ampere for forty hours and two 2 0 o n amperes for hours , and so , whatever the voltage o r 6 8 1 2 of the cell batteries , be it 4 , , , or volts . It should be noted that the efficiency o f a battery decreases if a large current be taken ; thus in the 0 - 4 ampere hour cell under notice , if 5 amperes were ’ taken it would not give eight hours light as it theo reti cally should , but probably rather less than seven , as 5 amperes is rather to o large a current to take from a battery of that size for lo ng . The discharge rate is generally stated on the side of the cell by the makers , but a safe rule is to allow a discharge o f o ne - tenth the full capacity in ampere hours thus a 50 - ampere hour cell could be discharged safely at 5 amperes . This rate can be exceeded for short periods but at a considerable loss o f efficiency . We shall not enter into details for maintenance of accumulators , as the general rules that apply to ignition cells apply equally well to lighting batteries . The chief points to remember are D 1 o . not leave the cells discharged 2 K . eep the cells filled with acid well over the plates . 4 DYNAMO LIGHTING FOR MOTOR CARS o f 3 . Vaseline the terminals and keep the tops the cells clean to avoid leakage . P 4 . ack the cells tightly in their case to avoid jolting and vibration . Examine the cells occasionally ; because they are hidden away in a box don ’t neglect them —the battery and the tyres are generally the two worst - treated accessories on the car . - B L a mp s. y lamps we mean the projectors in “ ” contradistinction to the bulbs . The essential points of a lamp are that it should give light , a detail that some manufacturers appear to - l overlook , and this light giving property depends so ely fl E upon the shape Of the re ector .