st 126BMODULE 1 Semester Hours/Semester L P ECTS Molecules, Cells, Tissues (including Histology, 1st Embryology, Molecular Biology, Genetics, 89 43 13.5 Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physiology) 3rd (Ι) Biostatistics 18 12 3.0 3rd (Ι) Informatics (score grading not required) 12 1.0 3rd (Ι) Foreign language terminology 24 3.0 Introduction to the Veterinary Science (score 3rd (Ι) 3 grading not required) Animal Science Ι (including General Animal 4th (I) Husbandry, Welfare & Animal behaviour, 31 30 6.0 Ecology and Protection of the Environment) Total 165 97 26.5 Instructors of 1st Semester Modules Angelopoulou Katerina Κ.Α. Arsenos George G.Α. Banos George G.B. Batzios Christos C.B. Botsoglou Nikolaos N.B. Dori Ioanna I.D. Flaskos John J.F. Fortomaris Paschalis P.F. Georgiadis Marios Μ.G. Kamarianos Athanasios Α.Κ. Karamanlis Xanthippos X.Κ. Lavrentiadou Sofia S.L. Stamataris Constantinos C.S. Tserveni‐Gousi Angeliki A.T. ‐ G Valergakis George G.V. 9 1st Module ‐ 1st Semester 127BMolecules, Cells, Tissues Learning objectives This module aims to introduce students to the principles of chemistry, cellular and molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, histology and embryology. The learning objectives include the understanding of the following concepts: • chemical bonds, stereochemistry, aqueous solutions, acids/bases, thermodynamics • cell structure and function • structure and function of biomolecules • transport via cell membranes and second messenger systems • flow of genetic information and heredity • histology of basic tissues • cell and body metabolism • embryological development and organogenesis 1st Section 128BA. Organization of the cell 1st hour The cell. Cytoplasm [Ι.D.] 2nd hour Structure of cell membrane. The “fluid mosaic model”. Endocytosis [Ι.D.] 3rd hour Mitochondria. Rough, smooth enoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes [Ι.D.] 4th hour Golgi apparatus, lysosomes [Ι.D.] 5th hour Cytoskeleton. Cytoplasmic inclusions [Ι.D.] 6th hour Structure of the nucleus. Nuclear membrane, matrix, nycleolus [Ι.D.] 7th hour Cell cycle. Mitosis. Meiosis. Cell differentiation, cell death [Ι.D.] 2 hours Introduction to Microscopy (Histology) 2 hours Cell Structure (Histology) 129BΒ. Chemistry 8th hour Chemical bond. Intra ‐ and intermolecular bonds and forces. Bond polarization. Stereochemistry [K.A.] 9th hour Aqueous solutions, Diffusion, Osmosis. Acids, Bases, Salts, pH, pK, Buffer solutions [N.B.] 10 10th hour Bioenergetic. Principles of chemical thermodynamics [K.A.] 3 hours Practical courses in the preparation of various aqueous solutions including buffers 3 hours Practical courses in alkalimetry and acidimetry 130BC. Biomolecules Structure and Function 11th hour Amino acids. Classification and properties. Peptides [Κ.Α.] 2 hours Spectrophotometry (Biochemistry) 12th hour Proteins. Classification. Electrolytic behavior. Primary and secondary structure [Κ.Α.] 13th hour Proteins. Tertiary structure and conformation. Quaternary structure. Protein denaturation [Κ.Α.] 2 hours Spectrophotometric determination of glucose (Biochemistry) 14th hour Enzymes. Introduction to the enzymatic catalysis. Coenzymes ‐ vitamins ‐ metal ions. Classification and nomenclature [Κ.Α.] 15th hour Enzymes. Active site. Substrate binding. Specificity [Κ.Α.] 2 hours Spectrophotometric determination of protein (Biochemistry) 16th hour Enzymes. Enzyme kinetics. Michaelis ‐ Menten equation. Enzyme inhibition [Κ.Α.] 17th hour Regulation of enzymatic activity. Enzyme organization. Multienzyme complexes. Proenzymes. Allosteric enzymes. Isoenzymes [Κ.Α.] 2 hours Spectrophotometric determination of amylase in urine (Biochemistry) 18th hour Carbohydrates. Monosaccharites. Oligosaccharites. Polysaccharites (starch ‐ glycogen). Glycoproteins [Κ.Α.] 19th hour Lipids. Fatty acids. Acylglycerols. Posphoglycerides. Isoprenoids. Prostaglandins [Κ.Α.] 20th hour Nucleotides. The central role of ATP in energy exchanges. Energy transfer via reaction coupling [Κ.Α.] 131BD. Membranes and Cell Physiology 21st hour Membrane transport. Transport via protein carriers. Passive transport systems. Active transport systems [Κ.Α.] 22nd hour Membrane potential, resting membrane potential [S.L.] 23rd hour Membrane receptors. G‐proteins. Second messenger systems [K.A.] 132BE. Flow of Genetic Information and Heredity 24th hour Nucleic acid structure. The backbone of nucleic acids. The Watson ‐ Crick double helix. RNA secondary structure. DNA denaturation [Κ.Α.] 11 25th hour Chromatin (heterochromatin, euchromatin, sex chromatin, chromatin fibers). Nucleosomes. Organization of chromosomes. Karyotype [I.D.] 26th hour DNA replication. Replication enzymes. DNA repair. Inhibition of DNA replication [Κ.Α.] 27th hour DNA transcription. Transcription enzymes. Initiation, elongation and termination of RNA synthesis. Inhibition of transcription. Post ‐ transcriptional modifications [Κ.Α.] 28th hour The genetic code. Codon ‐ anticodon. Point mutations. Frameshift mutations [Κ.Α.] 29th hour Protein synthesis. Initiation, elongation and termination of polypeptide chain synthesis. Post ‐ translational modifications of polypeptide chains. Inhibition of protein synthesis [Κ.Α.] 30th hour Regulation of gene expression. The operon model. Characteristics of the lac promoter and operon sites. Enzyme induction and ihibition [Κ.Α.] 31th hour Applications of Genetics ‐ The polymerase chain reaction ‐ Resctriction enzymes, molecular markers, genetic maps [K.A.] 32nd hour Applications of Genetics ‐ Genetic engineering [K.A.] 2 hours Polymerase chain reaction (Molecular Biology‐Genetics) 2 hours Electrophoresis ‐ Restriction enzyme digestion (Molecular Biology ‐ Genetics) 2nd Section 33rd hour Structural and numerical chromosomal anomalies [G.B.] 34th hour Genome mapping, map types, applications. Historical account of developments in genetics [G.B.] 35th hour Mendel’s experiments. Segregation and independent assortment laws. Genotypic ratios [G.B.] 36th hour Relationships between alleles: dominance, dominance relations, one‐ side inheritance, over ‐ dominance [G.B.] 2 hours Single ‐ multiple‐trait inheritance (Molecular Biology ‐ Genetics) 37th hour Relationships between genes from different loci: Epistasis (7 types). Impact on phenotypic ratios [G.B.] 38th hour Gene linkage and recombination. Recombination rate. Lethal genes [G.B.] 2 hours Epistasis ‐ Gene linkage (Molecular Biology ‐ Genetics) 39th hour Relationship between sex and inheritance. Sex‐linked and partially sex‐linked genes; sex‐influenced and sex‐restricted traits. Single‐gene traits of interest to animal husbandry [G.B.] 12 2 hours Relationship between sex and inheritance (Molecular Biology ‐ Genetics) 40th hour Calculation of gene and genotypic frequency. Hardy ‐ Weinberg equilibrium rule under random mating; assumptions [G.B.] 41st hour Check and confirmation of populations in Hardy ‐ Weinberg equilibrium. Calculation of gene frequency in case of multiple alleles and sex‐linked loci [G.B.] 42nd hour Impact of natural selection, mutation, migration and genetic drift on gene frequency [G.B.] 2 hours Population genetics (Molecular Biology ‐ Genetics) 43rd hour Comparison between oligogenic and polygenic (quantitative) traits. Genotype ‐ environment relationship and interaction. Additive gene action. Variation and variance of genetic values and phenotypic records of farm animals [G.B.] 2 hours Estimation of genetic values and producing abilities (Molecular Biology ‐ Genetics) 44th hour Genetic parameters of traits (heritability, repeatability, genetic correlation). Pleiotropic gene actions [G.B.] 45th hour Study of genealogy trees and assessment of genetic relationships among individuals [G.B.] 1 hour Estimation of genetic relationships and inbreeding (Molecular Biology ‐ Genetics) 46th hour Genetic applications ‐ detection of recessive allele carriers [G.B.] 133BF. Body tissues (Tissue level of organization) 47th hour Epithelial tissue [Ι.D.] 48th hour Epithelial glands ‐ Glands (classification and organization of exocrine glands, endocrine glands) [Ι.D.] 2 hours Epithelial tissue (Histology) 49th hour Smooth muscle. Fine structure of smooth muscle fibers [I.D.] 50th‐51st hour Skeletal muscle. Fine structure of skeletal muscle fibers [I.D.] 2 hours Muscle tissue (smooth, skeletal, cardiac muscle) (Histology) 52nd‐53rd hour Molecular mechanism of muscle contraction [S.L.] 54th hour Cardiac muscle. Fine structure of cardiac muscle fibers. Impulse ‐ conducting system [I.D.] 55th hour Connective tissue. Matrix. Collagen, reticular, elastic fibers. Ground substance [I.D.] 13 56th hour Cells of connective tissue. Fibroblasts, adipose cells, mesenchymal cells, macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells, migrating cells [I.D.] 57th hour Types of connective tissue (dense, loose, mucus, elastic, reticular, adipose tissue) [I.D.] 2 hours Connective tissue (loose, dense, adipose, elastic) (Histology) 58th hour Cartilage (hyaline, elastic, fibrous cartilage) [I.D.] 59th hour Bone (osteocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, bone matrix), Types of bone (primary, secondary bone) [I.D.] 2 hours Cartilage and bone (Histology) 3rd Section 134BG. Cell and Body Metabolism 60th hour Glycolysis [J.F.] 61st hour Glycolysis regulation. Importance of anaerobic glycolysis [J.F.] 62nd‐63rd hour Citric acid cycle and its regulation. Oxidation and reduction reactions [J.F.] 64th hour Respiratory chain. Oxidative phosphorylation [J.F.] 65th hour Gluconeogenesis from lactic acid and amino acids [J.F.] 66th hour Gluconeogenesis from glycerol. Glyoxylate cycle [J.F.] 67th hour Glycogenolysis and its